DIGITUM Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Murcia
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Indicadores Sanitarios
Get PDFEste documento es una actualización corregida del depositado originalmente en 21-1-2025Documento con los contenidos aportados por el profesor, como complemento al tema teórico de Indicadores de Salud utilizados en Epidemiologí
Social determinants of health influence on trans and gender-diverse people: a qualitative photovoice study
No full textDespite the introduction of inclusive and gender-affirming approaches in healthcare, transgender and non-binary people continue to show poorer physical, psychological, and social outcomes, shaped by social determinants within historically pathologizing and stigmatizing contexts. This study used qualitative participatory action research with photovoice among seven transgender individuals residing in Murcia, Spain; data were generated through semi-structured interviews and focus group dialogue, applying the SHOWED technique to the visual and discursive narratives of the participants, and analyzed with Atlas.ti v8. Educational, employment, and healthcare contexts significantly condition well-being. Well-being was determined by the circumstances and support in which gender identity is constructed, within sociocultural environments marked by gender stereotypes, exclusion from social spaces, and fears regarding the irreversibility of certain transition steps. Reported lifetime negative events, social barriers, exclusion, and persistent questioning of identity were associated with increased anxiety, depressive symptoms, and insomnia. At the same time, the relevance of resilience and support networks also emerged during the sessions. Replicating photovoice in diverse settings may help identify social and territorial inequities and inform improvements in clinical practice, healthcare education, public policies, and legislation for transgender and gender-nonconforming people
Feenstra, Ramón A.: Ética de la publicidad. Retos en la era digital. Ed. Dykinson, Madrid. 2014. [Reseña bibliográfica]
No full textEs reseña del libro Ética de la publicidad. Retos en la era digital. Ramón A. Feesntra. Ed. Dykinson, Madrid. 2014
Affective labor and exploitation: Subjectivation processes in the hospitality industry
No full textAffective labor, defined by Hardt and Negri as the management and production of experiences, relationships, and emotions, plays a central role in contemporary capitalism. This article examines how the practice of affective labor blurs the boundaries between work and other spheres of life, as well as its connection to subtle forms of exploitation.Focusing on the hospitality sector, it is based on in-depth interviews with 36 workers with experience in different contexts and roles (restaurants, pubs, bars, nightclubs, and casinos). The analysis shows that affective labor not only requires the mobilization of workers’ subjectivity but also actively shapes it.Often, the production of leisure experiences for customers requires workers to simultaneously assume the roles of both producer and consumer. Practices such as flirting, sharing drinks, or going out partying with customers before and after closing time are forms of production that extend beyond working hours and the workplace.These are also processesof subjectivation, through which workers redefine the boundaries between leisure and work, and between the intimate and the professional, thereby contributing to the justification of their own exploitation.El trabajo afectivo, definido por Hardt y Negricomo la gestión y producción de experiencias, vínculos y emociones, desempeña un papel central en el capitalismo contemporáneo. Este artículo examina cómo la práctica del trabajo afectivo difumina los límites entre lo laboral y el resto de esferas, y su vinculación con formas sutiles de explotación. Centrado en el sector de la hostelería, se basa en entrevistas en profundidad a 36 trabajadores/as con experiencia en distintos contextos y roles (restaurantes, pubs, bares, discotecas y casinos). El análisis muestra que el trabajo afectivo no solo exige la movilización de la subjetividad de los trabajadores, sino que también la constituye. A menudo, la producción de experiencias de ocio para la clientela requiere que el trabajador asuma simultáneamente los roles de productor y consumidor. Prácticas como flirtear, compartir chupitos o salir de fiesta con la clientela antes y después del cierre del local son formas de producción que se extienden más allá de la jornada laboral y del espacio de trabajo. Estas son también formas de subjetivación, a través de las cuales los trabajadores redefinen los límites entre ocio y trabajo, y entre lo íntimo y lo laboral, contribuyendo así a justificar su propia explotación
Comparable expression of stem markers and damage-responsive proteins in untreated and chemoradiation-treated rectal cancer
No full textPurpose. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are
suggested to contribute to therapy resistance in rectal
cancer. However, histopathological analysis of CSCs is
still lacking in rectal cancer.
Methods. The expression of leucine-rich, repeat
containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), proto
oncogene, polycomb ring finger 1 (BMI1), yes
associated transcriptional regulator (YAP) and its
paralog TAZ (hereafter, YAP/TAZ), and nuclear β
catenin was compared in untreated and chemoradiation
treated (CRT) rectal cancer by in situ hybridization and
immunostaining. Niche factors were also compared in
human rectal cancer specimens and the embryonic
intestine.
Results. The mean ratios were 15% and 14% for
LGR5, 30% and 33% for BMI1, 2.7% and 7.6% for
YAP/TAZ, and 38% and 32% for nuclear β-catenin in
untreated and CRT rectal cancer, respectively, showing
no significant differences for these stem markers
following CRT. The stromal expression ratios of
YAP/TAZ were 9.7% and 23% in untreated and CRT
rectal cancer, which indicated significant upregulation
and confirmation of the damage response in the stroma
of CRT tumors. In addition, cancer cells co-expressing
LGR5 and CDKN1B are also comparable in untreated
and CRT rectal cancer. For niche factors, we found that
WNT2B and GREM1 were uniformly expressed in
rectal cancer with a pattern similar to that of the early
embryonic intestine.
Conclusion. The expression of LGR5, BMI1,
CDKN1B, and YAP/TAZ was comparable in untreated
and CRT rectal cancer. The uniform expression of
mesenchymal niche factors might prevent the zonation of the stem cell niche in rectal cance
La biblioteca pública ante el envejecimiento poblacional : repercusión en la inclusión sociodigital de las personas mayores de la Región de Murcia
No full textEsta tesis doctoral analiza el papel de las bibliotecas públicas municipales de la Región de Murcia en la inclusión social y digital de las personas mayores, en un contexto caracterizado por el envejecimiento progresivo de la población y por la creciente digitalización de la vida cotidiana. Ambos procesos plantean importantes desafíos a las instituciones públicas y, de manera particular, a las bibliotecas, que deben adaptar sus servicios, recursos y estrategias para seguir siendo espacios accesibles, relevantes y socialmente significativos.
La investigación se apoya en una triple motivación personal, profesional y académica, vinculada a más de dos décadas de experiencia en bibliotecas públicas, al contacto directo con personas mayores y a la constatación de un notable vacío bibliográfico en lengua española sobre esta temática. Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio aborda el envejecimiento poblacional y su relación con la función social y digital de la biblioteca pública, con el fin de comprender el papel actual y potencial de estas instituciones en el bienestar, la autonomía y la participación social de las personas mayores.
El objetivo general consiste en analizar la capacidad de las bibliotecas públicas para promover la inclusión social y digital de este colectivo, identificando los factores que la favorecen o la limitan, así como las percepciones del personal bibliotecario y de las personas mayores usuarias. Entre los objetivos específicos se incluyen: contextualizar la relación entre envejecimiento y acceso a la información; examinar el marco teórico, normativo e institucional de las bibliotecas públicas; identificar iniciativas y prácticas existentes; y analizar las experiencias, necesidades y propuestas de ambos grupos implicados.
Desde el punto de vista metodológico, la tesis combina una amplia revisión bibliográfica -centrada principalmente en la producción científica de las dos últimas décadas y basada en diversas fuentes de información electrónicas- con un trabajo de campo cualitativo. Este último se articula mediante un grupo de discusión con siete profesionales de bibliotecas públicas y entrevistas en profundidad a más de sesenta personas mayores usuarias, lo que permite integrar la visión institucional con la experiencia cotidiana de uso de las bibliotecas.
Los resultados evidencian que las bibliotecas públicas desempeñan una función social muy valorada por las personas mayores, especialmente como espacios de encuentro, aprendizaje, apoyo emocional y participación cultural. El personal bibliotecario señala como principales dificultades la escasez de recursos humanos y materiales, la falta de planificación estable, la necesidad de actualización de competencias profesionales y digitales, y la limitada visibilidad institucional de la función inclusiva que desarrollan. Asimismo, reconocen la creciente relevancia de la inclusión digital, que genera incertidumbre debido a la rapidez del cambio tecnológico y a la insuficiencia de recursos formativos específicos.
Por su parte, las personas mayores valoran muy positivamente la atención recibida y el componente humano del servicio, aunque identifican barreras físicas, tecnológicas y comunicativas que condicionan su participación plena. Consideran la biblioteca un recurso de apoyo clave ante las exigencias digitales de la vida cotidiana y destacan la importancia de la interacción social, el acceso a actividades culturales y de fomento de la lectura, así como la ayuda recibida en alfabetización digital.
La tesis concluye que las bibliotecas públicas poseen un elevado potencial como espacios de referencia para la inclusión social y digital de las personas mayores. No obstante, dicho potencial depende de un mayor apoyo institucional, inversiones sostenidas, planificación estratégica, colaboración interinstitucional y reconocimiento social. Se subraya la necesidad de reforzar la formación del personal, mejorar la accesibilidad física y digital, optimizar la comunicación de los servicios y consolidar proyectos de alfabetización informacional y digital adaptados a la diversidad y heterogeneidad de este grupo social.This doctoral thesis analyzes the role of municipal public libraries in the Region of Murcia in the social and digital inclusion of older adults, within a context characterized by the progressive aging of the population and the increasing digitalization of daily life. Both processes pose significant challenges to public institutions and, in particular, to libraries, which must adapt their services, resources, and strategies to remain accessible, relevant, and socially significant spaces.The research is based on a threefold personal, professional, and academic motivation, linked to more than two decades of experience in public libraries, direct contact with older adults, and the observation of a significant gap in Spanish-language literature on this topic. From this perspective, the study addresses population aging and its relationship to the social and digital function of the public library, in order to understand the current and potential role of these institutions in the well-being, autonomy, and social participation of older adults.The overall objective is to analyze the capacity of public libraries to promote the social and digital inclusion of older adults, identifying the factors that facilitate or hinder it, as well as the perceptions of library staff and older adult users. Specific objectives include: contextualizing the relationship between aging and access to information; examining the theoretical, regulatory, and institutional framework of public libraries; identifying existing initiatives and practices; and analyzing the experiences, needs, and proposals of both groups involved.From a methodological standpoint, the thesis combines a comprehensive literature review-focused primarily on scholarly publications from the last two decades and based on various electronic sources-with qualitative fieldwork. The latter is conducted through a focus group with seven public library professionals and in-depth interviews with more than sixty older adult users, allowing for the integration of the institutional perspective with the everyday experience of library use.The results show that public libraries play a highly valued social role for older adults, especially as spaces for meeting, learning, emotional support, and cultural participation. Library staff identify the main difficulties as the scarcity of human and material resources, the lack of stable planning, the need for updating professional and digital skills, and the limited institutional visibility of their inclusive role. They also acknowledge the growing importance of digital inclusion, which generates uncertainty due to the rapid pace of technological change and the lack of specific training resources.Older adults highly value the attention they receive and the human element of the service, although they identify physical, technological, and communication barriers that limit their full participation. They consider the library a key support resource in the face of the digital demands of daily life and highlight the importance of social interaction, access to cultural activities and reading promotion, as well as the help received in digital literacy.The thesis concludes that public libraries have significant potential as key spaces for the social and digital inclusion of older adults. However, this potential depends on greater institutional support, sustained investment, strategic planning, inter-institutional collaboration, and social recognition. The need to strengthen staff training, improve physical and digital accessibility, optimize service communication, and consolidate information and digital literacy projects adapted to the diversity and heterogeneity of this social group is emphasized
The effects of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) on amyloid-β and GFAP-induced neuronal injury in hippocampal regions of hyperlipidemia-affected rats
No full textAims. The hippocampal region is an essential area for memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to impact this brain region. It is caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) along with neurofibrillary tangles, together with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, which causes loss of synapses, resulting in memory problems. Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) causes the abnormal production of certain neuro-transmitters through the gut-brain axis system, resulting in hippocampal neuron damage. Therefore, this study examined the effects of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) or split-gill mushroom (SG) in rats induced with an HFD.
Methods. The Y-maze test assessed spontaneous alternation percentages and short-term memory in all rat groups, while H&E and Cresyl violet staining revealed alterations in the characteristics of neurons across treatment groups. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the expressions of neurodegenerative and inflammatory proteins.
Results. The short-term memory was evaluated using the Y-maze test, which found that the spontaneous alternation percentage was lower in the HFD group and higher in the HFD+SG group compared with the control group. Alterations in neuron characteristics were revealed by Cresyl violet and H&E staining. The HFD group was found to have necrotic neurons; however, the HFD+SG group had less damage than the HFD group. Immunofluorescence observations indicated the expression of Aβ and GFAP proteins; the HFD group showed an increase in Aβ and GFAP accumulation, whereas in the HFD+SG group, these were significantly reduced.
Conclusions. The study demonstrated improvements in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that polysaccharides from SG may be able to lessen the harm caused to the brain by consuming an HFD
The Extreme Paradox of Liberalism: Bonapartism and the Return of the State in Domenico Losurdo
No full textActive learning and digital gamification as teaching tools for the mathematical teaching of perimeters and areas of clear figures. Case studies
No full textThis article explores the challenges of teaching area and perimeter in plane
figures to sixth-grade students, implementing gamification and active learning
strategies. The objective is to improve the understanding and retention of these
mathematical concepts through innovative and participatory methods. The
research was conducted at the María Inmaculada Higher Normal School in
Caicedonia, Valle del Cauca, using a quantitative, explanatory approach with a
quasi-experimental design involving pre- and post-intervention tests. The
results show that the gamification-based pedagogical intervention significantly
improved students' academic performance and increased their motivation and
engagement with learning mathematics. The conclusions highlight the
effectiveness of these strategies in promoting more meaningful and lasting
learning, recommending their application in other educational contexts.Este artículo explora la problemática de la enseñanza del área y perímetro en
figuras planas a estudiantes de sexto grado, implementando estrategias de
gamificación y pedagogía activa. El objetivo es mejorar la comprensión y
retención de estos conceptos matemáticos a través de métodos innovadores y
participativos. La investigación se realizó en la Escuela Normal Superior María
Inmaculada de Caicedonia, Valle del Cauca, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo,
de tipo explicativo, con diseño cuasi experimental con pruebas antes y después
de la intervención. Los resultados muestran que la intervención pedagógica,
basada en gamificación, mejoró significativamente el rendimiento académico de
los estudiantes y aumentó su motivación y compromiso con el aprendizaje de
matemáticas. Las conclusiones destacan la efectividad de estas estrategias para promover un aprendizaje más significativo y duradero, recomendando su
aplicación en otros contextos educativos