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Images for Teaching. Towards a Didactic Sensorium
No full textAs teachers, we are heirs to a long tradi
tion of using images to teach. For centu
ries, textbooks, encyclopedias, slides, and
other graphic teaching resources were
the primary sources of images for teach
ing. Currently, in a process consolidated
during the pandemic, digital images avail
able on various websites and social media
constitute the usual references and search
methods for teachers at all educational
levels. The progressive digitalization of the
world, and more recently the applications
of generative AI, are profoundly changing
our relationship with images and ways of
seeing. In classrooms, we observe chang
es in media, supports, and devices; image
repertoires are expanding, and the chal
lenge of designing strategies to address
them arises. Thus, this work presents the
development of a training/research/action
project carried out with a group of prac
ticing primary education teachers. Among
its nodes of interest and results are: the
need for systematic didactic reflection on the images used in school; teacher exper
imentation as a way to expand the corpus
and uses of images (and other artistic nar
ratives) offered by the internet; art imag
es as a space for expression, belonging,
and identity construction; the role of the
teacher as curator/creator; and the notion
of the “didactic sensorium” as an active
way of seeing influenced by the teaching
profession.En tant qu’enseignants, nous sommes les héritiers d’une longue tradition d’utilisation
des images pour l’enseignement. Pendant des siècles, les manuels scolaires, les ency
clopédies, les illustrations et autres ressources pédagogiques graphiques ont constitué
la principale source d’images pour l’enseignement. Actuellement, et dans un processus
qui s’est consolidé pendant la pandémie, les images numériques disponibles sur divers
sites web et réseaux sociaux constituent les références et les méthodes de recherche ha
bituelles des enseignants à tous les niveaux d’enseignement. La numérisation progressive
du monde et, plus récemment, les applications d’IA générative modifient profondément
notre rapport aux images et nos façons de les percevoir. En classe, on observe des chan
gements dans les médias, les supports et les appareils; les répertoires d’images s’élargis
sent, et le défi de concevoir des stratégies pour y répondre se pose. Cet article présente
le développement d’un projet de formation/recherche/action mené auprès d’un groupe
d’enseignants du primaire en exercice. Ses points clés et ses résultats incluent: la nécessi
té d’une réflexion didactique systématique sur les images utilisées à l’école; l’expérimen
tation enseignante comme moyen d’élargir le corpus et les usages des images (et autres
récits artistiques) offerts par Internet; les images artistiques comme espace d’expression,
d’appartenance et de construction identitaire; le rôle de l’enseignant conservateur/créa
teur; et la notion de «sensorium didactique» comme mode de perception actif, nourri par
la profession enseignante.Los docentes somos herederos de una lar
guísima tradición de emplear imágenes
para enseñar. Durante siglos, los libros
de texto, las enciclopedias, las láminas
y otros recursos didácticos gráficos fue
ron la fuente principal de imágenes para
la enseñanza. En la actualidad, y en un
proceso que se consolidó durante la pan
demia, las imágenes digitales disponibles
en diversos sitios de internet y las redes
sociales constituyen las referencias y for
mas de búsqueda habituales de los profe
sores de todos los niveles educativos. La
progresiva digitalización del mundo y más
recientemente las aplicaciones de IA ge
nerativa, van modificando profundamente
la relación con las imágenes y las mane
ras de mirar. En las aulas se observan los
cambios de medios, soportes, dispositivos;
se expanden los repertorios de imágenes
y surge el desafío de diseñar estrategias
para abordarlas. Así, este trabajo presenta
el desarrollo de un proyecto de formación
/ investigación / acción, realizado con un grupo de docentes de Educación Primaria
en ejercicio. Entre sus nodos de interés
y resultados cabe destacar: la necesidad
de reflexión didáctica sistemática acerca
de las imágenes que se utilizan en la es
cuela; la experimentación docente como
vía para expandir los corpus y usos de las
imágenes (y otras narrativas artísticas) que
ofrece internet; las imágenes de arte como
ámbito de expresión, pertenencia y cons
trucción identitaria; el rol del docente cu
rador/ creador y la noción de “sensorium
didáctico” como un modo de ver activo
atravesado por el oficio de enseñar
ENO3 regulates ferroptosis by interaction with PKM2 to promote the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
No full textBackground. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver. The glycolytic enzyme enolase 3 (ENO3) is reported to be most significantly elevated in the analysis of MASLD-related sequencing results based on the GEO database. However, the specific mechanism by which ENO3 regulates MASLD is not fully understood.
Objective. To investigate the role and possible molecular mechanism of ENO3 in MASLD.
Methods. The expression of ENO3 and PKM2 in the liver tissues of control and MASLD rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In vitro studies involved treating THLE-2 cells with free fatty acids (FFA) and Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), as well as manipulating ENO3 expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression plasmids, and manipulating PKM2 expression via siRNA. Fat accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining and measurements of intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Ferroptosis markers, including SLC7A11, GPX4, Fe2+, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were evaluated. Protein-protein interactions between ENO3 and PKM2 were examined using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence.
Results. MASLD liver tissues exhibited significantly higher levels of ENO3 and PKM2. Silencing ENO3 in FFA-treated THLE-2 cells reduced fat accumulation, downregulated PKM2 expression, and decreased ferroptosis markers. Conversely, ENO3 overexpression promoted fat accumulation and ferroptosis, which were mitigated by Fer-1 or si-PKM2. Co-IP and immuno-fluorescence confirmed the physical interaction and co-localization of ENO3 and PKM2 in THLE-2 cells.
Conclusions. ENO3 interacted with PKM2 to regulate ferroptosis and further promoted the progression of MASLD
Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor as Carl Schmitt’s Sovereign. An approach to the political technology of the miracle/mystery/authority triad
No full textIn the present work we try to understand the particularities of the system of power outlined in the chapter “Legend of the Grand Inquisitor”, from the novel The Brothers Karamazov by Fiodor Dostoyevsky, to review the funda-mentals of the political technology revealed there, using the concepts of Carl Schmitt expounded in his Political Theology. Special attention is paid to how Dostoevsky correlates Truth and Freedom in a system in which power is presented in the form of a Priest with Caesar’s sword in his hands. The hermeneutic method is used to interpret Dos-toevsky’s text and Schmitt’s texts dialogically, exposing the meanings of narrative metaphors and their correlations in Schmitt’s theory, in order to reveal the mechanisms of domination in politi-cal technology, presented in the “Legend of the Grand Inquisitor”.En el trabajo se intenta comprender las particularidades del sistema del poder, esbozadas en el capítulo “Leyenda del Gran Inquisidor” de la novela Hermanos Karamazov de Dostoievsky, y revisar los fundamentos de su tecnología política, utilizando los conceptos de Schmitt, expuestos en su Teología política. Se presta espe-cial atención a cómo Dostoievsky correlaciona la verdad y la libertad en un sistema en el que el poder se presenta en forma de Sacerdote con la espada de César en sus manos. Se recurre al método hermenéutico para interpretar en forma dialógica el texto de Dostoievsky y los de Sch-mitt, exponiendo los significados de las metáforas narrativas y sus correlaciones en la teoría sch-mittiana, con el fin de revelar los mecanismos de dominación en la tecnología política, presentados en la «Leyenda del Gran Inquisidor»
ITGAX promotes Th17-cell differentiation and drives pathogenesis in pediatric ulcerative colitis
No full textBackground. Pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by dysregulated immune responses and intestinal inflammation, often more severe than adult-onset UC. Th17 cells play a crucial role in UC pathogenesis but the mechanisms regulating their differentiation and recruitment in pediatric UC remain incompletely understood.
Methods. Transcriptomic analysis of pediatric UC patients and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify key dysregulated genes. The functional role of the candidate gene ITGAX was investigated using in vitro Th17 differentiation assays with siRNA knockdown and an in vivo dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mouse model with intrarectal siRNA administration.
Results. WGCNA identified ITGAX, SOCS3, CXCL1, CASP1, and CXCL11 as core upregulated genes in pediatric UC, with ITGAX being a novel candidate regulator of Th17 cells. ITGAX knockdown in naive CD4+ T cells impaired Th17 differentiation and IL-17A production in vitro. In the DSS-induced UC mouse model, intrarectal ITGAX siRNA ameliorated colonic inflammation and ulceration, suppressed IL-17A levels, and selectively reduced the expansion of IFNγ-IL-17+ Th17 cells in the colon.
Conclusion. ITGAX is a key promoter of Th17-cell differentiation and expansion, contributing to the pathogenesis of pediatric UC. Targeting ITGAX may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for pediatric UC by modulating aberrant Th17 responses
Clinical subtypes in breast cancer patients with brain metastases from an ambispective registry of advanced breast cancer, GEICAM/2014-03 (RegistEM)
No full textBackground:
Breast cancer frequently results in brain metastases (BCBM), leading to poor outcomes. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement entails significant challenges in advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients.
Objectives:
To characterize BCBM patients according to surrogate clinical BC subtypes and evaluate the interval between ABC and BCBM detection, both at ABC diagnosis (BCBM1 cohort) and for those who develop BCBM subsequently (BCBM2 cohort). Secondary objectives included analyzing the time-related outcomes by BC subtype.
Design:
RegistEM is an ongoing ambispective, observational study of ABC patients diagnosed since January/2016.
Methods:
We describe the characteristics of BCBM patients reported by January 22, 2024, categorized by BC subtype on the most recent tumor sample obtained before first-line therapy.
Results:
At the cutoff date, 346/1947 (18%) patients diagnosed with ABC between January/2016 and December/2019 developed BCBM, and 288/346 (83%) died. All patients were female, predominantly Caucasian (98%), with a median age of 55 years at ABC diagnosis. The distribution by subtype was 170/346 (49%) HR+/HER2−, 68/346 (20%) HR+/HER2+, 54/346 (16%) HR−/HER2+, and 51/346 (15%) HR−/HER2− (triple negative (TN)). One-fourth (85/346) were in the BCBM1 cohort, with 22/85 (26%) having BCBM as the only metastatic location; in this cohort, median time to BCBM was 38 months, with shorter intervals in HR−/HER2+ and TN subtypes (17 and 18 months, respectively). In the BCBM2 cohort (261/346), the median time to BCBM was 24 months, with the shortest interval in TN (13 months). Median survival from BCBM diagnosis was 26 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 20−35) in BCBM1 and 9 months (95% CI, 7−12) in BCBM2 (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7−3.0); TN subtype showed the poorest results (median of 6 months; 95% CI, 3−13).
Conclusion:
TN and HER2+ BC subtypes progressed faster to BCBM and had worse outcomes. Survival differed significantly between the two cohorts, BCBM1 and BCBM2. Continued research is essential to improve the treatment and prevention strategies
ChatGPT as cognitive mediator: tracing pausing, revision, and efficiency in L2 digital writing
No full text
Topographic patterns of intraventricular hemorrhage extension and their prognostic significance in intracerebral hemorrhage
No full textSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is commonly associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which is considered an independent predictor of mortality and poor functional outcomes. However, little is known about the prognostic value of blood volume in various regions of the ventricular system. We aimed to characterize the extent of IVH in different regions of the ventricular system in patients with ICH and to assess its association with the risk of mortality. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with ICH admitted to our institution between 2010 and 2022. We gathered epidemiological, clinical, and radiological data. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. We included 1,048 patients. Four hundred forty-three patients (42.4%) presented IVH associated with ICH, and the overall mortality rate was 32.4%. In the univariate analysis, mortality increased with age, female sex, worse neurological condition at admission, anticoagulation, ICH location, and ICH volume. The presence of IVH was associated with higher mortality, as was IVH extension in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. The multivariate model showed that age, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), anticoagulation, surgical management, brainstem hemorrhage, ICH volume, and IVH in the lateral ventricles were significant factors. Notably, IVH involvement of one lateral ventricle doubled the risk of death (OR 2.05), while bilateral involvement almost quadrupled it (OR 3.93). Conversely, intraventricular extension limited to the ventricular horns did not elevate the risk of mortality. We next modified the original ICH score by incorporating only lateral ventricular involvement, weighted according to the prognostic gradient identified in the multivariable analysis. Comparison of our proposed ICH score to the original ICH score showed non-inferiority. Thus, accounting for the extent of lateral ventricular IVH improves risk stratification for short-term mortality. Collectively, ou
Controlando la variabilidad analítica. Estándar interno
No full textTécnica de corrección en tiempo real que compensa errores aleatorios y sistemáticos mediante la medida simultánea de un estándar interno (EI) o de referencia añadido a todas las muestras y estándares analíticos
Fuentes de datos_cuestionarios
No full textEste documento es una actualización del depositado el 04-02-2025Documento con los contenidos aportados por el profesor, como complemento al tema teórico de "Fuentes de Datos Primarias y Secundarias; cuestionarios