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Effects of 12 sessions of multicomponent training on physical fitness indicators in adults with intellectual disability
No full textEl objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los efectos de un programa de 12 sesiones de
entrenamiento multicomponente en indicadores de fitness de adultos con discapacidad intelectual
(DI). La muestra la conformaron (n=9) adultos, edad 23,67 ± 4,97 años pertenecientes a una
agrupación para personas con DI desescolarizadas. Como indicadores se fitness se realizaron
mediciones de fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y adiposidad, pre y post aplicación de un
programa de entrenamiento multicomponente de 12 sesiones. Para establecer comparaciones entre las
medidas iniciales y finales, se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon y T de Student para muestras
relacionadas. Como resultado se registraron aumentos significativos (p<0,05) en la fuerza de
prensión manual absoluta (Δ% = ↑21,85) y relativa (Δ% = ↑22,22). Paralelamente se redujo el tiempo
de ejecución en las pruebas de sentarse y levantarse 5 veces (Δ% = ↓17,37) y timed up and go (Δ% =
↓12,98), no se registraron cambios significativos en medidas de adiposidad (p>0.05). En conclusión,
un programa de entrenamiento multicomponente de 12 sesiones tuvo efectos positivos en indicadores
de fitness relacionados a la fuerza muscular y capacidad funcional en adultos con DI. Se propone el
uso de esta metodología como estrategia para la promoción de la salud y la autonomía de personas
con DI desescolarizadas.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-session multicomponent training program
on fitness indicators in adults with intellectual disability (ID). The sample consisted of (n=9) adults
aged 23.67 ± 4.97 years from a group for individuals with ID not enrolled in formal education.
Fitness indicators, including muscle strength, functional capacity, and adiposity, were assessed pre-
and post-implementation of the 12-session multicomponent training program. To compare initial and
final measures, Wilcoxon and paired Student's T-tests were utilized. Significant improvements
(p<0.05) were found in absolute (Δ% = ↑21.85) and relative (Δ% = ↑22.22) handgrip strength.
Additionally, execution times decreased significantly in the five-times sit-to-stand test (Δ% = ↓17.37)
and the timed up-and-go test (Δ% = ↓12.98), while no significant changes were observed in adiposity
measurements (p>0.05). In conclusion, a 12-session multicomponent training program had positive
effects on fitness indicators related to muscle strength and functional capacity in adults with ID. The
use of this methodology is recommended as a strategy for promoting health and autonomy among
individuals with ID not enrolled in formal education
Etica, Imagen Personal y Desinformación en la Era de los Deepfakes
No full textVersión en inglés: http://hdl.handle.net/10201/222241La creciente relevancia de la cultura visual digital plantea grandes interrogantes relacionados con la curación de imágenes, el respeto a los derechos de imagen y la protección de la privacidad. En este contexto, el desarrollo de la tecnología deepfakes agrava estos problemas al permitir una manipulación audiovisual sin precedentes. Este artículo analiza las implicaciones éticas, legales y sociales de la creación y difusión de deepfakes, enfatizando la problemática de la falsificación de identidades. Asimismo, examina las medidas de control y regulación implementadas por las plataformas digitales para detectar y limitar la distribución de este tipo de contenido, apuntando hacia la necesidad de pautas éticas claras. También se aborda la capacidad de los deepfakes para reforzar sesgos y narrativas discriminatorias, deteriorando la confianza en la información visual perpetuando estereotipos dañinos en el imaginario colectivo
Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields and their influence on growth, humoral Immunity, and metal concentrations in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
No full textThe increasing presence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in marine environments, driven by human activities and climate change, poses a potential risk to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the physiological and immunological effects of ELF-EMF exposure on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a key species in Mediterranean aquaculture. Fish were exposed to ELF-EMF for one or three weeks, and their growth, serum immune parameters (peroxidase and lysozyme activities), and tissue chemical elements were compared with those of unexposed controls. No significant differences were observed in fish weight, length, or serum immune parameters between the exposed and control groups at any time point. However, a significant reduction in liver cadmium (Cd) levels was detected in fish exposed to ELF-EMF for three weeks, suggesting potential modulation of metal detoxification pathways. The concentrations of other elements, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), showed minor changes in various tissues. The levels of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) were altered in some tissues after one week of ELF-EMF exposure but generally returned to control levels after three weeks. These findings indicate that short-term ELF-EMF exposure does not significantly affect growth or innate immunity in gilthead seabream under the tested conditions. The observed alterations in tissue levels of toxic and trace elements, as well as macronutrients, indicate potential interactions between ELF-EMF, metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms, necessitating further investigation. This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of anthropogenic ELF-EMF on marine organisms and highlights the need for continued research to assess the long-term ecological implications of increasing ELF-EMF levels in aquatic environments
Programmatic Evaluation, the end of “all or nothing” inmedical education
No full textAbstract. Programmatic evaluation occupies an increasingly central place in contemporarymedical education, especially in institutions that have adopted competency-based training models.While not yet a universal standard, it has established itself as one of the most influential anddiscussed approaches in the field of clinical assessment. Over the past two decades, medicaleducation has shifted from content-centered curricula to integrated professional competencyframeworks. International organizations such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate MedicalEducation (ACGME), the CanMEDS of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada,and the General Medical Council (GMC) have promoted frameworks that describe physicians notonly as clinical experts but also as communicators, collaborators, professionals, and lifelonglearners. This shift has necessitated a profound rethinking of assessment systems. In this context,programmatic evaluation stands out as the most coherent methodological response tocompetency-based education. Its role is not simply to be "another technique," but rather astructural framework that organizes all assessments within a training program. In many medical schools and residency programs, assessment is no longer conceived as a set of isolated exams, but rather as a longitudinal system for collecting and integrating evidence. Its influence is also felt inthe educational culture. Frequent feedback, individualized monitoring, and collegial deliberationon student progress are gaining ground as quality standards. Furthermore, the scientific literaturein medical education recognizes Programmatic Assessment as a model with high conceptualvalidity for evaluating complex competencies in real-world clinical settings.Resumen. La Evaluación Programática ocupa hoy un lugar cada vez más central en la educaciónmédica contemporánea, especialmente en instituciones que han adoptado modelos de formaciónbasados en competencias. No es todavía un estándar universal, pero sí se ha consolidado comouno de los enfoques más influyentes y discutidos en el ámbito de la evaluación clínica. En lasúltimas dos décadas, la educación médica ha transitado desde currículos centrados en contenidoshacia marcos de competencias profesionales integradas. Organizaciones internacionales como elAccreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), el CanMEDS del Royal Collegeof Physicians and Surgeons of Canada y el General Medical Council (GMC) han impulsadomarcos que describen al médico no solo como experto clínico, sino también como comunicador,colaborador, profesional y aprendiz permanente. Este cambio ha obligado a repensarprofundamente los sistemas de evaluación. En ese contexto, la Evaluación Programática seposiciona como la respuesta metodológica más coherente con la educación basada encompetencias. Su lugar no es el de una “técnica más”, sino el de un marco estructural que organizatodas las evaluaciones dentro de un programa formativo. En muchas facultades y programas deresidencia ya no se concibe la evaluación como un conjunto de exámenes aislados, sino como unsistema longitudinal de recogida e integración de evidencias. Su influencia también se percibe enla cultura educativa. La retroalimentación frecuente, el seguimiento individualizado y ladeliberación colegiada sobre el progreso del estudiante están ganando terreno como estándares decalidad. Además, la literatura científica en educación médica reconoce la Evaluación Programáticacomo un modelo con alta validez conceptual para evaluar competencias complejas en entornosclínicos reales
From curiosity to innovation: applying the STEAM approach in Early Childhood Education
No full textCurrently, early childhood education seeks to offer inclusive
learning experiences that connect learning with the child's world.
In this context, the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering,
Arts, and Mathematics) approach is presented as an innovative
proposal that articulates different disciplines to strengthen
cognitive, socio-emotional, and imaginative skills. This research
article is the result of a study that aimed to strengthen
pedagogical practices in early childhood education in a public
institution in the District of Cartagena, Colombia, through the
implementation of the STEAM approach. Promoting the
comprehensive development of children through play, creativity,
exploration of the environment and problem solving. A qualitative
methodology with a pedagogical action research design was used,
in which the teacher acts as an active mediator. The activities
were organised into projects with playful challenges, using
natural, recycled, technological and artistic materials to stimulate
sensory exploration and knowledge construction in a natural way.
Collaborative work and family participation were encouraged. The
results showed progress in logical thinking, observation,
creativity, and problem solving. On a socio-emotional level, there
was evidence of greater confidence, curiosity, and communication
skills. Overall, the STEAM approach boosted motivation to learn,
transforming meaningfully.Actualmente, la educación infantil busca ofrecer experiencias didácticas
integradoras que conecten el aprendizaje con el mundo del niño. En este
contexto, el enfoque STEAM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería, Arte y
Matemáticas) se presenta como una propuesta innovadora que articula distintas
disciplinas para fortalecer habilidades cognitivas, socioemocionales e
imaginativas. Este artículo de investigación es resultado de un estudio que tuvo
como objetivo fortalecer las prácticas pedagógicas en educación infantil en una
institución pública del Distrito de Cartagena, Colombia, a través de la
implementación del enfoque STEAM. Promoviendo el desarrollo integral de los
niños niñas mediante el juego, la creatividad, la exploración del entorno y la
resolución de problemas. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con diseño de
investigación-acción pedagógica, donde el docente actúa como mediador activo.
Las actividades se organizaron en proyectos con retos lúdicos, empleando
materiales naturales, reciclados, tecnológicos y artísticos para estimular la
exploración sensorial y la construcción del conocimiento de forma natural. Se
fomentó el trabajo colaborativo y la participación familiar. Los resultados
mostraron avances en el pensamiento lógico, la observación, la creatividad y la
resolución de problemas. A nivel socioemocional, se evidenció mayor confianza,
curiosidad y habilidades comunicativas. En conjunto, el enfoque STEAM potenció
la motivación por aprender, transformando significativamente la formación integral en la educación inicial
Estudio de la capacidad adhesiva de brackets cerámicos utilizando diferentes protocolos de acondicionamiento del esmalte
No full textObjetivo: Comparar la adhesión de brackets cerámicos Clarity(TM) Advance cementados con APC Flash Free (APC FF) y Transbond XT (TXT) utilizando diferentes protocolos de acondicionamiento del esmalte. Material y método: A 150 incisivos bovinos se les cementaron 150 brackets Clarity(TM) Advanced, se dividieron en 6 grupos (n: 25): 1) Transbond(TM) Plus Self Etching Primer (TSEP)/APC FF, 2) grabado/TSEP/APC FF, 3) pulido/TSEP/APC FF, 4) TSEP/TXT, 5) grabado/TSEP/TXT y 6) pulido/TSEP/TXT. La resistencia a la fuerza de cizalla se midió en una máquina universal de test. Tras el descementado a cada diente se le asignó una puntuación del Índice de Adhesivo Remanente (A.R.I.). Se realizaron observaciones mediante microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB) del esmalte. Se determinó con microscopía confocal la penetrabilidad en el esmalte de TSEP y de los composites, se utilizaron 60 incisivos a los que se cementaron los brackets siguiendo el protocolo descrito anteriormente. En 5 dientes de cada grupo se tiñó TSEP con rodamina B y en los otros 5 el composite. La fuerza adhesiva se analizó con ANOVA de 1 factor y el test de la mínima diferencia significativa (p<0,05), el A.R.I. con la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (p<0,05) y los datos del microscopio confocal con el test de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05) y el de Mann-Whitney (p<0,003). Resultados: La adhesión de Grabado/TSEP/TXT y Pulido/TSEP/TXT fue significativamente superior a la del resto, siendo la de Grabado/TSEP/TXT significativamente mayor que la de Pulido/TSEP/TXT (p<0,05). Con APC FF se observó una tendencia a un aumento del adhesivo remanente al grabar antes de aplicar TSEP y con TXT al pulir. El MEB mostró que el grabado producía la superficie de esmalte más porosa. Tanto para los brackets adheridos con APC FF como con TXT la penetración de TSEP fue similar y significativamente mayor tras el grabado (p=0,000). APC FF y TXT tuvieron una penetración similar y significativamente superior en los grupos grabados (p=0,000). Se observó que la mayor cantidad de "tags" distribuidos por toda la superficie se daba tras el grabado, siendo más evidente con TXT que con APC FF. Conclusión: Los brackets cerámicos Clarity(TM) Advance cementados con TXT y TSEP acondicionando el esmalte mediante grabado ácido, mostraron características adhesivas más favorables que la del resto de los grupos evaluados.Objective: To compare the adhesion of Clarity(TM) Advance ceramic brackets cemented with APC Flash Free (APC FF) and Transbond XT (TXT) using different enamel conditioning protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 bovine incisors were used to cement 150 Clarity(TM) Advanced brackets, which were divided into 6 groups (n=25): 1) Transbond(TM) Plus Self Etching Primer (TSEP)/APC FF, 2) etching/TSEP/APC FF, 3) polishing/TSEP/APC FF, 4) TSEP/TXT, 5) etching/TSEP/TXT, and 6) polishing/TSEP/TXT. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. After debonding, each tooth was assigned a Remnant Adhesive Index (ARI) score. Observations of the enamel were made using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Penetrability of TSEP and the composites into the enamel was determined with confocal microscopy; 60 incisors were used, with brackets cemented following the previously described protocol. In 5 teeth from each group, TSEP was stained with rhodamine B, and in the other 5, the composite was stained. Adhesive strength was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (p<0.05), ARI with Pearson's Chi-square test (p<0.05), and confocal microscopy data with Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05) and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.003). Results: The adhesion in the Etching/TSEP/TXT and Polishing/TSEP/TXT groups was significantly higher than in the others, with Etching/TSEP/TXT showing a significantly greater bond strength than Polishing/TSEP/TXT (p<0.05). Using APC FF, a trend toward increased residual adhesive was observed when etching was performed before applying TSEP, and with TXT, after polishing. SEM showed that etching produced the most porous enamel surface. For brackets bonded with both APC FF and TXT, TSEP penetration was similar and significantly greater after etching (p=0.000). Both APC FF and TXT showed similar and significantly higher penetration in the etched groups (p=0.000). It was observed that the highest number of "tags" distributed across the surface occurred after etching, more evident with TXT than with APC FF. Conclusion: Clarity(TM) Advance ceramic brackets cemented with TXT and conditioned with TSEP via acid etching demonstrated more favorable adhesive characteristics than the other evaluated groups
ADAMTS4 is expressed in different cells and tissues in leprosy skin lesions: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target for leprosy and its reactional phenomena
No full textIntroduction. A disintegrin and metallo-proteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS4), a metalloproteinase involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, is implicated in several pathological conditions. This study evaluated ADAMTS4 in leprosy skin lesions.
Methods. In total, 519 skin samples were selected, including 20 healthy controls (HC) and 499 samples with leprosy skin lesions. Leprosy lesions were divided into tuberculoid range “T” (n=95), lepromatous range “L” (n=115), type 1 reaction (n=120), type 2 reaction (n=128), and lesions in regression (n=41). Following standardization with an anti-ADAMTS4 marker, all samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Marker expression in cells or tissues with moderate or intense staining intensity (2+ or 3+) was considered positive, and the absence of or weak expression (0 or 1+) was considered negative.
Results. ADAMTS4 was expressed in several cells involved in the inflammatory processes of leprosy, particularly macrophages and fibroblasts, and in different skin tissues affected by leprosy lesions. Marker expression was remarkable in different tissues affected by leprosy lesions compared with the control group.
Conclusion. ADAMTS4 expression in different leprosy lesions and their reaction phenomena suggest its contribution to disease progression and reactive inflammatory amplification, indicating ADAMTS4 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in leprosy
High histamine expression by early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is associated with a poor prognosis
No full textBackground. Although not widely known, several types of cancers express histamine. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is one such cancer, and histamine expression is associated with the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to examine whether histamine expression is a useful prognostic factor for tongue SCC.
Methods. Histamine cannot be accurately measured directly because it is rapidly degraded after secretion. Therefore, L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC), an enzyme that synthesizes histamine in a single step, was used to estimate histamine secretion. In a retrospective study, tongue SCC samples from patients were immunohisto-chemically stained for HDC; the staining intensity was semi-quantified and evaluated relative to indices used in histopathological diagnosis.
Results. High expression of HDC was associated with the worst tumor invasion and tumor budding. Overall survival curves revealed that patients with tongue SCC showing high HDC expression had a poor prognosis.
Conclusion. The expression of histamine may be a prognostic indicator for tongue SCC