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Bionik in der Logistik: Eine bibliometrische Analyse (1990-2013)
No full textBiomimetics and logistics have been discussed broadly in the scientific literature with regard to their particular discipline.The main purpose of this paper is to explore the amount and structure of the scientific research on the interdisciplinary topic of biomimetics applied to logistics.With this subject area, we performed a query of scientific online databases and conducted a bibliometric analysis to explore the most influential works and their impact on logistics. However, the term bionics was introduced in the late 1960s, and our analysis revealed a marginal scientific attention on the combined topic bionics & logistics until 2003.
Nevertheless, the interdisciplinary topic was increasing disproportionately until today in comparison to their particular disciplines. Additionally, the results of our analysis indicate that some fields of logistics benefit a lot from principles of nature (e.g. transport logistics from behavioural biology) while other fields of logistics could not use this potential. Finally, our analysis presents a country ranking according to the amount of publications, which is led by China with 57% on total publications. Furthermore, contents and findings are briefly discussed to provide an overview of the previous academic research.Bionik und Logistik sind in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur jeweils umfassend untersucht worden. Doch der Zweck dieses Beitrages ist es die Intensität und Struktur der wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Bezug auf das interdisziplinär übergreifende Thema „Bionik in der Logistik“ zu erforschen. Mit dieser Zielsetzung haben wir eine systematische Abfrage von wissenschaftlichen Online-Datenbanken durchgeführt und haben eine bibliometric Analyse erstellt, um die einflussreichsten wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten und ihren Einfluss auf die Logistik festzustellen. Obwohl der Begriff Bionik schon gegen Ende der 1960er Jahre eingeführt wurde ergab unsere Analyse, dass das kombinierte Thema Bionik & Logistik bis 2003 wenig wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit erhielt. Doch danach zeigte sich ein unverhältnismäßig hoher Anstieg dieser interdisziplinären Thematik im Vergleich zum Anstieg der jeweiligen Haupt -Disziplinen. Zusätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse unserer Analyse, dass einige Gebiete der Logistik sehr von den Prinzipien der Natur profitieren konnten (z.B. Transportlogistik von der Verhaltensbiologie) während andere Gebiete der Logistik dieses Potenzial nicht nutzen konnten. Außerdem wird ein Länderranking in Bezug auf die Anzahl der Publikationen gezeigt, welches aktuell von China mit einem Anteil von 57% an den Gesamtpublikationen angeführt wird. Weiters werden Inhalte und Ergebnisse kurz besprochen, um eine Übersicht der bisherigen akademischen Forschung zur Verfügung zu stellen
Presenting a Holistic Framework for Scalable, Marker-less Motion Capturing: Skeletal Tracking Performance Analysis, Sensor Fusion Algorithms and Usage in Automotive Industry
No full textEven though there is promising technological progress, input is currently still one of virtual reality's biggest issues. Off-the-shelf depth cameras have the potential to resolve these tracking problems. These sensors have become common in several application areas due to their availability and affordability. However, various applications in industry and research still require large-scale tracking systems e.g. for interaction with virtual environments. As single depth-cameras have limited performance in this context, we propose a novel set of methods for multiple depth-camera registration and heuristic-based sensor fusion using skeletal tracking. An in-depth accuracy analysis of Kinect v2 skeletal tracking is presented in which a robot moves a mannequin for accurate, reproducible motion paths. Based on the results of this evaluation, a distributed and service-oriented marker-less tracking system consisting of multiple Kinect v2 sensors is developed for real-time interaction with virtual environments. Evaluation shows that this approach helps in increasing tracking areas, resolving occlusions and improving human posture analysis. Additionally, an advanced error prediction model is proposed to further improve skeletal tracking results. The overall system is evaluated by using it for realistic ergonomic assessments in automotive production verification workshops. It is shown that performance and applicability of the system is suitable for the use in automotive industry and may replace conventional high-end marker-based systems partially in this domain
Digital Content and Sales or Service contracts under EU Law and Belgian/French Law
No full textThe rather novel concept of “digital content” is defined and regulated both in the Consumer Rights Directive and in the Proposal for a Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content (dated 9 December 2015). In this paper, the concept is presented, as well as the reasons why the European legislator adopted (or is willing to adopt) protection measures to the benefit of consumers in this context. Relying on this analysis, the paper will further discuss the articulation issues between the notion of “digital content” and other relevant concepts under EU Law and some national laws (of civil Law countries). First, a comparison between the notion of digital content and other concepts used at the EU level (and in the corresponding legal framework adopted in the Member States), in regulations protecting the consumers (the concepts of “goods”, “services”, “sales” or “services contracts”, etc.) will be carried out. The concept will then be compared with the classical notions used in Belgian (and French) Contract Law, especially in the Civil Code (“contract of enterprise”, “sales contract”, etc.)
Development of a simulation method for rapid dimensioning of complex material flow systems
No full textBei der Planung und Entwicklung intralogistischer Systeme spielt die Simulation eine wichtige Rolle. Insbesondere bei der Auslegung und Dimensionierung komplexer Kommissionier-, Lager- und Fördertechnik führen statische Berechnungen und Heuristiken oftmals nicht zu ausreichend guten Ergebnissen. Der Grund dafür liegt in der fehlenden Berücksichtigung dynamischer Effekte, wie auftragsbedingte Schwankungen, und von verketteten Prozessen. Die bisher praktizierte Lösung, ereignisdiskrete Simulationsmodelle einzusetzen, benötigt jedoch erheblichen Ressourcenaufwand. Deshalb wird in diesem Beitrag ein Konzept für eine progressive Simulationsmethodik vorgestellt, welche dynamische Effekte berücksichtigt bei signifikant geringerem Modellierungsaufwand. Dafür werden die Anforderungen an die neue Simulationsmethode systematisch erörtert und das theoretische Konzept und der Implementierungsansatz ausführlich dargestellt.Simulation models play an important role in the planning and development in intralogistics. Especially the layout and dimensioning of order picking processes, warehouses and handling engineering is often based on static estimations and rules of thumb. This leads to inferior planning results, because dynamic effects, such as peaks of orders, and sequential process steps are often neglected. The most common solution at the moment are event discrete simulation models, which create a significant workload for planning departments in logistical companies. Therefore, this article presents a concept for a progressive simulation method. This new approach enables the consideration of dynamic effects without an increase of workload. This contribution depicts the underlying requirements, the resulting theoretical concept and the implementation approach of the new progressive simulation methodology
Heiss, Jan Patrick 2015. Musa. An essay (or experiment) in the anthropology of the individual
No full textErgebnisse einer Expertenstudie zur Zukunft der Sicherheitsforschung
No full textDer Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse einer Expertenbefragung (N=227) zur Zukunft der Sicherheitsforschung in Deutschland. Basierend auf quantitativen und qualitativen Einschätzungen zu sieben Thesen in den Themenfeldern „Ethische Richtlinien“, „Partizipative Ansätze“, „Bildungsorientierung“, „Inter- und Transdisziplinarität“, „Etablierung“, „Militärische-/Zivile Forschung“ und „Kommerzialisierung“ wird ein Zukunftsbild zur Sicherheitsforschung 2030 entwickelt. Es wird deutlich, dass sich die inter- und transdisziplinäre Sicherheitsforschung nach Einschätzung der Befragten bis 2030 fest in der deutschen Forschungslandschaft etabliert hat. Allerdings bestehen 2030 weiterhin Diskrepanzen zwischen erwünschten und wahrscheinlichen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Stärkung ethischer Kriterien und der weniger wünschenswerten Verschmelzung militärischer und ziviler Sicherheitsforschung sowie der Ausrichtung der Forschung an kommerziellen Verwertungsaspekten.The article represents the results of an expert survey (N=227) regarding the future of security research in Germany. Based on qualitative and quantitative assessments in regards of seven theses containing the following topics a picture of the future of security research will be drawn. The topics are “ethical guideline”, “participative approach”, “educational orientation”, “inter- and transdisciplinarity”, “military / civil research” and “commercialization”. Most experts agreed, that interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary security research will be established in the German research landscape by 2030. A mismatch still exists in 2030 between wishful developments and likely development though. This is true for a desired strengthening of ethical criteria and a non desirable increased fusion of military and civil security research as well as a more commercial-oriented utilization of research
Does the Internet Limit Human Rights Protection? The Case of Revenge Porn
No full textWith the enhanced distribution possibilities internet brings, online revenge porn has gained spotlight, as reports show that the act can cause serious consequences for victims. Research and reported cases have led to criticism of states lack of legal and executive means to protect victims, not least due to jurisdictional issues. Framing the matter within states responsibility to protect rights under Article 8 of the ECHR, presents the issue of possible breach of human rights obligations of states bound by the Convention. A number of domestic calls for criminalisation of posting of revenge porn have been replied with arguments for freedom of expression, worries that such means will contribute to a fragmented internet, and of a slippery slope of state interference. Further, as revenge porn touches upon the balancing between competing human rights, the possible result of outsourcing human rights assessment to private entities becomes a point of discussion in the paper
Interoperability in the Digital Economy
No full textInteroperability has become a buzzword in European policy debates on the future of the digital economy. In its Digital Agenda, the EU Commission has identified a lack of interoperability as one of the significant obstacles to a thriving digital economy. The EU Commission and a number of other actors have advocated far-reaching policies for ensuring the interoperability of digital goods, services, platforms and communication networks. In this paper, we present a systematic framework for discussing interoperability problems from an economic and legal perspective and apply it to several interoperability issues such as, e.g., standardization, interoperability regulation in the field of electronic communication, duties of dominant firms (including platforms) to ensure horizontal and vertical interoperability and IP law exceptions in favor of interoperability. The complex trade-offs between benefits and costs of a higher degree of interoperability suggest the need for a careful and separate analysis of each specific interoperability issue, caution regarding a (top down) imposition of mandatory standards and interoperability obligations, and a greater focus on unilateral solutions of interoperability problems, such as adapters or converters. Within the framework of Art. 102 TFEU, EU competition law may be better advised to develop a workable test to address hurdles for unilateral interoperability solutions created by dominant firms, than to continue focusing on the essential facilities doctrine to mandate interoperability
Reference field for research and development of novel hybrid forms of human machine interaction in logistics
No full textDer vorliegende Artikel beschreibt das Konzept eines derzeit im Aufbau befindlichen Forschungszentrums, das als neuartiges experimentelles Referenzfeld für innovative Dienstleistungen in der Intralogistik dient. Die Kernaufgabe des Zentrums besteht in der Erforschung eines hybriden Wertschöpfungsnetzwerks, in dem Menschen und Maschinen miteinander im Dialog stehen und gemeinsam Arbeitsaufgaben erledigen. Diese im Rahmen der vierten industriellen Revolution aufkommende neuartige Form hybrider Interaktion bringt neue Herausforderungen mit sich, die es wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen gilt. Beispielsweise entstehen durch den Einsatz von Echtzeit-Lokalisierungs- und Virtual-Reality-Systemen neue Möglichkeit im Bereich der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (Human-Machine-Interaction - HMI). Durch die Ausstattung des Forschungszentrums mit unterschiedlichen modular sowie frei skalierbaren Referenz- und Experimentiersystemen wird u. a. die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die zu untersuchenden Szenarien in Echtzeit zu simulieren und damit einen digitalen Zwilling der Realität zu erschaffen. Die vollständige Flexibilität der eingesetzten Systeme (flexible Systemvernetzung, flexible Nutzung der generierten Daten durch andere Systeme etc.) führt zu großen Datenmengen, die mit Hilfe von Machine-Learning- und Deep-Learning-Konzepten so kombiniert und aufbereitet werden sollen, dass neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden können. Die beschriebene Systemflexibilität führt u. a. zu der zentralen Herausforderung, eine gemeinsame Syntax für die Interoperabilität der eingesetzten Systeme zu generieren.The article describes the concept of a research center (currently under construction) that is going to be used as a novel experimental reference field for in-novative services in intralogistics. An important aim of the center is to enable research of hybrid value added networks, where humans and machines intimately cooperate with each other to complete work tasks together. In the context of Industry 4.0 this novel form of hybrid interaction entails new challenges that need to be further researched – for example, the use of real-time localization and virtual reality systems creates new possibilities in the field of human-machine interaction (HMI). Additionally, the research center is equipped with various modular and freely scalable reference and experiment systems that allows to emulate different real-time scenarios, including digital twin simulation concepts. The full system flexibility (flexible system networking, flexible use of generated data etc.) leads to high datasets. With the help of machine learning and deep learning concepts, new knowledge from this dataset can be extracted. The described system flexibility leads to new interoperability problems. In order to ensure the interoperability of the systems a common syntax has to be provided. Therefore, more research on this topic is needed
Development of situation-based storage strategies for autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems
No full textDie Berücksichtigung von Lagerstrategien, die sich durch eine Veränderung der Lagersituation anpassen, ist in der bisherigen Forschung zu automatisierten Hochregallagern mit autonomen Fahrzeugen, im Folgenden als Shuttle-Systeme bezeichnet, kaum thematisiert. In diesem Beitrag wird deshalb aufgezeigt, wie die verschiedenen Lagerstrategien mit der Situation des Lagers verknüpft werden können und somit flexibel werden. Die dadurch entstehende Möglichkeit, den Durchsatz eines Shuttle-Systems ohne konstruktive Änderungen zu erhöhen, ist ein interessanter Forschungsbereich, der im Rahmen des IGF-Forschungsprojektes SmartShuttle untersucht wird.The consideration of storage strategies that depend on the current situation has been scarcely investigated in the existing research on automated high-rack warehouses with autonomous vehicles, hereinafter referred to as shuttle systems. The following article shows how different storage strategies can be linked to a given situation within the warehouse and thus become flexible. The implicated ability to increase the throughput of shuttle systems without any constructive changes is an original research area, which is currently being addressed by the IGF project SmartShuttle