Ministry for Environment, Agriculture, Conservation and Consumer Protection

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    Shinni ma Shomi kan Kerfotagha’, a Kushi story

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    Il kushi è una lingua ciadica minoritaria parlata nella Nigeria nordorientale. L’articolo presenta un testo orale conosciuto con il titolo di Shinni ma Shomi kan Kerfotagha (‘La storia di Shomi e Kerfotagha’), una storia della tradizione Kushi in cui vengono narrate le gesta di Shomi, l'astuto imbroglione per antonomasia. Il testo è accompagnato da un'analisi interlineare e da una traduzione in inglese.Kushi is a minority Chadic language spoken in northeastern Nigeria. This article presents an oral text known as Shinni ma Shomi kan Kerfotagha (‘The story of Shomi and Kerfotagha’), a folktale depicting the adventures of Shomi, the Kushi trickster par excellence. The text is accompanied by word-by-word interlinear analysis and by an English translation

    Quantifying Key Characteristics of 71 Data Protection Laws

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    This paper presents a pioneering study that unlocks six characteristics in the literal text of 71 Data Protection Laws (DPLs). The characteristics are: the type of collection requirements; the presence of data protection authorities; data protection officers; data breach notification laws; monetary-; and criminal penalties. The quantification allows comparison of data protection laws with each other, such as a potential federal U.S. DPL with European DPLs. It can also be used for empirical legal research in information security by linking the data to other variables, for instance, deep packet inspection. There are some noteworthy initial results: only 5 out of 71 DPLs have penalties for non-compliance that exceed 1 million euro. Moreover, compared to the United States (US), few countries (21 out of 71) have data breach notification laws. Principal component analysis reveals that the six characteristics can be grouped in two unobserved factors, which explain ‘basic characteristics’ across laws and ‘add-ons’ to these characteristics. By combining these two factors a privacy index is constructed. Moreover, countries that are not known for their stringent privacy control such as Mauritius and Mexico occupy a top position in this index. Member States of the European Union have DPLs with a privacy control score above average but hold no absolute top position. It is hoped that these findings will open avenues for new research, such as adding more characteristics to the database and further quantification of (internet) law

    Data Portability - A Tale of Two Concepts

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    Art. 20 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) introduces a new concept to European data protection law – the right to data portability. The rule seeks to empower the consumer, to foster the inter-operability of data, and to prevent lock-in effects on closed platforms. Upon request, data controllers are required to provide personal data to the data subject in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format, which enables the data subject to transfer their personal data between controllers. However, Art. 20 GDPR leaves much room for interpretation, in particular with respect to the data covered, the scope of the exceptions and the requirement of inter-operability. The proposed Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content (DCD-proposal) takes matters a step further. Under the DCD-proposal, the supplier of digital content shall provide the consumer with technical means to retrieve all content provided by the consumer (not only personal data) and any other data produced or generated through the consumer’s use of the digital content. At the same time, the proposed provisions are stricter than Art. 20 GDPR: The data portability right under Art. 20 GDPR may be exercised at any point in time, whereas the right to content portability under the DCD-proposal only arises after the contract has been terminated following a rule in said directive. The paper highlights other circumstances which warrant a right to content portability and laments the lack of an exception to safeguard the rights and interest of third parties. Three case studies are included to illustrate how the portability rules in the GDPR and the proposed Digital Content Directive might work in practice. The paper closes with a synopsis showing the commonalities and differences of Art. 20 GDPR and the portability rules in the proposed Digital Content Directive

    Bendingbehavior of braided fibre ropes depending on which ropeside is on the sheave

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    Für den Einsatz von Faserseilen in fördertechnischen Anwendungen, wird versucht alle Eigenschaften der Seile zu beherrschen um Unfällen die auf Struktur- bzw. Materialversagen zurückzuführen sind zu verhindern. In der Dissertation „Einflussfaktoren auf die Lebensdauer laufender Faserseile“, wurden dazu neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen die für den Einsatz in förder-technischen Anwendungen von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird auf die einzelnen Punkte, Einfluss der Herstellungsparameter und Einfluss der entstehenden Seilform in Bezug auf die Biegewechselfestigkeit und die aus der Seilform resultierenden Auflageseiten eingegangen. Einflussparameter bei unverändertem Ausgangsprodukt Garn sind die Herstellungsrichtung des Seils, die Flechtigkeit, der Verdrehwinkel der Litzen im fertigen Seil und die Flechtlänge bzw. der Flechtwinkel des Seils. Mit Kenntnis dieser Eigenschaften kann der Einsatz von Faserseilen weiter ausgebaut werden.For the use of fiber-ropes in conveying applications it is tried to control all properties of the ropes to prevent accidents which are caused by structure or material failure. In the dissertation “influencing factors on the lifetime of running fiber-ropes” new discoveries were won which are of particular importance for conveying applications. This article goes in detail to the influence of production parameters and the influence of the profile of the rope in connection with possible bending-cycles and the sides of the rope caused by the profile of the rope. Influencing parameter with no change in the raw material yarn are production-orientation of the rope, the floating length, the turning-angle of the strands in the produced rope and the braid-angle of the strands in the rope. With the knowledge of these parameters the use of fiber-ropes can be multiplied

    New method for the assessment of the lifetime of running high-modulus fibre ropes

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    Hersteller und Anwender von Hebezeugen möchten hochmodulare Faserseile heutzutage vor allem wegen der hohen Lebensdauer einführen. Dafür ist es notwendig, diese Lebensdauer der Seile beim Lauf über die Seilscheibe zu kennen. Wie bei Drahtseilen können auch Biegeversuche durchgeführt werden, die die tatsächlichen Parameter in bestimmten Seiltrieben widerspiegeln. Die oben erwähnte hohe Lebensdauer von hochmodularen Faserseilen führt jedoch zu lang laufenden Biegeversuchen. Auch ist es nicht praktikabel, Biegeversuche für jede mögliche Kombination von Parametern durchzuführen, die es gibt. Daher ist eine neuartige Methode erforderlich, um die Lebensdauer eines laufenden Faserseils mit einem Minimum an Aufwand abzuschätzen. Das Paper wird die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung über eine neuartige Methode vorstellen, um die Lebensdauer eines laufenden Faserseiles abzuschätzen. Die Untersuchungen beinhalten die Analyse, welche Parametern verwendet werden müssen, wie weit die Schätzungen genutzt werden können und mit welcher Genauigkeit.Manufacturer and users of lifting applications have today the aim to introduce high-modulus fibre ropes because of the high lifetime. For this it is necessary to know the lifetime of the ropes when bended over sheaves. Like with wire ropes, bending tests can be done that reflect the actual situation in specific rope drives. The above mentioned high lifetime of running fibre ropes leads to long running bending tests. Also it is not applicable to do bending tests for every possible combination of parameters that can be found. Therefore a method is needed to estimate the lifetime of a running fibre rope with a minimum of work. The paper will introduce the results of an investigation regarding an above mentioned method to estimate the lifetime of a running fibre rope. The investigations include the analysis which set of parameters have to be used, how far the estimations can be used and with which accuracy

    Considerations for the transfer of biomimetic system design patterns to facility layout- and material flow planning

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    Mithilfe der Bionik konnten im Laufe der vergangenen Jahre in einigen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen erfolgreiche neuartige Ansätze zur Problemlösung initiiert werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird überprüft, ob mithilfe der Bionik auch Prinzipien und Designansätze in der Natur zu finden sind, die bei der Entwicklung von neuartigen Fabriklayouts angewendet werden können. In der belebten Schöpfung findet man einige Systeme die sich an kurz- und langfristige Änderungen erfolgreich anpassen. Außerdem wachsen natürliche Systeme in einer Weise, dass alle involvierten Elemente während des Wachstums ohne Störung weiterfunktionieren. Könnten die Fabriklayouts der Zukunft wie Bienenwaben, Spinnennetze oder Nautilus-Schale angeordnet sein? Und hätte dies überhaupt einen Mehrwert für die industrielle Praxis? Damit beschäftigt sich vorliegender Beitrag.Over the last few years, by using biomimetics successful novel approaches to problem solving have been initiated in some scientific disciplines. This contribution examines if the usage of biomimetics can provide principles and system design patterns in nature that can be applied in the development of novel factory layouts. In the living creation there are some systems that successfully adapt to short- and long-term changes. Natural systems also grow in such a way that the functionality of all elements involved is ensured without any disturbance during growth. Could the factory layouts of the future be arranged like honeycomb, spider webs or nautilus shells? And would this add any value for industrial practice? This is the subject of the present contribution

    Development of a generic simulation method for the time window routing of automated guided vehicles

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    Fahrerlose Transportfahrzeuge werden unter anderem zur Produktionsversorgung und in automatisierten Lagersystemen eingesetzt. Die Anzahl an Fahrzeugen, welche notwendig ist, um einen geforderten Durchsatz zu erzielen, kann auf analytischem Wege nur näherungsweise bestimmt werden. Sind exakte Aussagen über den Durchsatz in Abhängigkeit der Fahrzeuganzahl gefordert, ist die Durchführung einer Simulationsstudie notwendig. Die Erstellung eines Simulationsmodells ist jedoch aufwändig und erfordert Kenntnisse über Steuerungsalgorithmen, um ein ablauffähiges Simulationsmodell zu erhalten. Der Beitrag beschreibt vor diesem Hintergrund eine Methode zur Simulation von Fahrerlosen Transportsystemen, um eine aufwandsarme Leistungsbestimmung zu ermöglichen. Ein Fahrerloses Transportsystem wird allgemeingültig modelliert, damit es in eine Simulationsumgebung überführt werden kann. Es werden Strategien zum Routing und Deadlock-Handling beschrieben, welche in das Modell hinterlegt und auf beliebigen Layouts angewendet werden können. Somit entsteht ein ablauffähiges Modell, welches zur individuellen Systemanalyse herangezogen werden kann.Automated guided vehicles are used for the supply of production areas, in automated storage and retrieval systems and for the supply of picking areas in goods to person fulfillment systems. The number of vehicles, that is required to reach a given throughput cannot be calculated exactly in an analytical way. Therefore, the performance of a simulation study is necessary. Implementing the model in a simulation environment requires time and effort. Basic algorithms are needed in order to obtain an executable simulation model. In this work, we describe a method for the simulation of automated guided vehicle systems for the measurement of the throughput as a function of the number of vehicles. We model an automated guided vehicle system in order to transfer it into a simulation environment. We describe algorithms concerning the routing and deadlock-handling, that will be integrated into the model and could be used on different layouts. As a result we obtain an executable simulation model that can be used for the detailed analysis of individual automated guided vehicle systems

    Safety in additive manufacturing: Fine dust measurements for a process chain in Laser beam melting of metals

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    Guidelines concerning safety in additive manufacturing are not available yet (VDI [2], ISO [3], ASTM [4]) and the topic is not completely evaluated. Dust measurements for Laser beam melting of metals are performed with an aerosol spectrometer, filter-based air samplers and a condensation particle counter determining the occupational exposure along an exemplary process chain.Bis heute sind keine Richtlinien zur Arbeitssicherheit in der Additiven Fertigung veröffentlicht (VDI, ISO, ASTM) und das Thema ist noch nicht ausreichend evaluiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Feinstaubmessungen mit einem Aerosol-Spektrometer, filterbasierten Probensammlern und einem Kondensations-Parikel-Zähler entlang einer beispielhaften Prozesskette für das Laserstrahl-Schmelzen von Metallen durchgeführt

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