Ministry for Environment, Agriculture, Conservation and Consumer Protection
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Notice-and-Takedown Procedure under Greek Intellectual Property Law 4481/2017
No full textAfter two years of negotiations and several drafts, the provisions of the Directive 2014/26/EU on collective management of copyright and related rights were introduced into Greek legislation by the Law 4481/2017, which establishes a strict legal framework for the collective management organisations and places great emphasis on state control mechanisms. Additionally, Law 4481/2017 introduces a notice-and-takedown procedure as a sanction to the intermediaries (access providers or hosting service providers) and website owners for online violation of intellectual property and related rights. Although it is an attempt to swiftly resolve cases of violation through the internet, the unclear relation of this sanction system to the system laid down by the Law 2121/1993 on copyright and related rights creates several inconsistencies and legal issues. At the same time, the Committee on Internet Violations of Intellectual Property (CIVIP) established to implement the notice-and-takedown procedure lacks institutional integration in the public administration structure, a situation that undermines the effectiveness of its decisions and may annul the expected benefits of the new procedure in practice
Review. Anthony Traill 2018. A Trilingual !Xóõ Dictionary. !Xóõ – English – Setswana
No full textFor any scholar with an interest in Southern African ‘Khoisan’, it is almost mandatory to become familiar with the works of Anthony Traill (1939-2007). Few linguists have matched the impact and scope of his studies on the phoneme inventories, phonological characteristics and other aspects of the languages now grouped into the Kx’a, Tuu and Khoe-Kwadi families (Güldemann 2014). Apart from his invaluable contributions to comparative ‘Khoisan’ studies, Traill is probably best remembered as the unchallenged specialist on the northeasternmost Taa variety subsequently referred to as (East) !Xóõ. Starting from 1969, he undertook innumerable field trips to the Lone Tree-Kagcae area in Botswana and, with the help of his !Xóõ assistants, collected an extensive corpus of data on their language and culture which was to result in three major monographic publications
‘We want Artists to be Fully and Fairly Paid for their Work’: Discourses on Fairness in the Neoliberal European Copyright Reform
No full textElaborating on the President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker’s agenda, EC Vice-President and Commissioner for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip wrote on his blog on 18th November 2015, “we want artists to be fully and fairly paid for their work”—the phrase that serves as the title to this article and that has reappeared in different guises throughout the process of EU copyright reform. By examining a case study on the Fair Internet for Performers Campaign—a campaign advanced in the context of the ongoing European copyright reform—I shed light on the powerful discourses on fairness that have dominated and shaped the reform process. Using discourse analysis, I found the concept of fairness to be mostly dependent on the stakeholders’ relative bargaining power and framed by hegemonic neo-liberal thought. Drawing on interviews, fieldwork, media, and the documentation produced by the European Union’s government throughout the process, the case study also illustrates the contested nature of copyright reform today
European Union Claims of Jurisdiction over the Internet – an Analysis of Three Recent Key Developments
No full textThe topic of Internet jurisdiction is gaining a considerable amount of attention at the moment. Yet, we are seemingly still a long way from solutions. This article builds on the notion that we are presently in an era of jurisdictional “hyper-regulation” characterised by complexity and a real risk of Internet users being exposed to laws in relation to which they have no realistic means of ensuring compliance. Drawing upon a framework consisting of three jurisdictional core principles, the article seeks to examine whether three recent key developments in EU law contribute to hyper-regulation. Those three developments are: (1) Article 3 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which outlines the Regulations “territorial scope”; (2) The combined effect of the proposed e-evidence Directive and the proposed e-evidence Regulation; and (3) the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decision in Bolagsupplysningen OÜ. The article also provides an analysis of recent trends and draws some conclusions as to how we may best move forward in this field
Lifetime of plastic coated wire ropes
No full textStahldrahtseile übernehmen in vielen Bereichen der Fördertechnik wichtige Aufgaben. In ihrer Funktion als laufende Seile unterliegen die Seildrähte auf Grund der Beanspruchung aus Zug-, Druck- und Biegespannungen beim Abrollvorgang über die Seilscheiben der Ermüdung. Im Zusammenspiel mit Reibverschleiß und weiteren Einflüssen haben sie eine begrenzte Lebensdauer und sind niemals als dauerfest zu betrachten. Um die Gefahr für Mensch und Maschine nahezu auszuschließen, dürfen Stahldrahtseile nicht bis zum Ende ihrer Lebensdauer in praktischen Anwendungen eingesetzt werden. Die Lebensdauer eines Seiles wird durch sein Versagen, den Seilriss, definiert. In aktuellen Normungen werden Kriterien der Ablegereife eines konventionellen Drahtseiles festgesetzt, um den Austausch des geschädigten, aber noch intakten Seiles rechtzeitig zu gewährleisten. Aktuelle Praxiserfahrungen zeigen, dass neuartige Seilkonstruktionen mit einer Kunststoffummantelung des Drahtseiles eine wesentliche Verlängerung der Betriebs- und Lebensdauer aufweisen als herkömmliche Seile ohne Ummantelung. Bisherige Normen sowie rechnerische Methoden zur Abschätzung von Betriebs- und Lebensdauer laufender Drahtseile lassen jedoch eine sinnvolle Betrachtung der Seile mit Kunststoffummantelung nicht zu und müssen entsprechend angepasst und erweitert werden. Mit Hilfe von Dauerbiegeversuchen kann die Betriebs- und Lebensdauer von Seilen experimentell unter idealen Bedingungen untersucht und eingeschätzt werden. Durch komplexe FE-Modelle werden die Beanspruchungszustände im Drahtseil sowie der Einfluss der Kunststoffummantelung simuliert und wichtige Erkenntnisse zum Verhalten des Seiles gewonnen.Abstract (E): Steel wire ropes perform key functions in many fields of material handling. The single strands are subject to mechanical loads due to tension, compression and bending stresses in its function as running wire ropes. During the rolling movement over a rope sheave the wire rope is fatigued. Combined with the rubbing wear and other influencing factors wire ropes have a limited lifetime. Therefore, steel wire ropes are not considered as fatigue endurable. Wire ropes must not be applied in the industrial application until reaching the end of its lifetime to avoid any danger for people and machinery. The lifetime of a rope is defined until rope or strand fracture. Current standards include discard criteria for conventional steel wire ropes to ensure the replacement of the damaged wire rope before rope failure. Current practical experiences have shown that innovative rope construction with plastic coating extend the service time and lifetime compared to conventional ropes without coating. Existing standards and mathematically approaches for estimating the service time and lifetime do not allow consideration of plastic coated ropes. Therefore, the standards and methods must be adapted and extended. The service life and lifetime of running wire ropes can be experimentally investigated by means of bending fatigue test. Complex stress conditions within a wire rope and the influence of the plastic coating can be simulated with the help of finite element analysis. This provides import knowledge about the rope behaviour during its performance
Integration of virtual reality and optical motion capturing systems into planning and optimization of material flow systems
No full textBei der Planung und Optimierung von Materialflusssystemen ist eine hinreichend präzise Erfassung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Faktor Mensch nur bedingt möglich. Die Systeme werden vielfach mit Eingabeparametern gespeist, welche bis zu einem gewissen Grad abgeschätzt werden aber in vielen Fällen nicht ausreichend empirisch abgesichert sind. Die Folge können Über- und Unterdimensionierungen sein. Durch die Kopplung von Motion Capturing mit Virtual Reality können Arbeitsplätze und -prozesse am physischen Modell gestaltet, evaluiert und optimiert werden. Die empirisch gewonnenen Daten bilden die später realisierte Leistungsfähigkeit der Komponenten des Materialflusssystems präziser als bisher ab.In the planning and optimizing of material flow systems, the performance of the human factor is often not gathered with sufficient accuracy. In many cases, the systems are fed with input parameters, which are estimated to some extent but lack empirical verification. The result can be over- and underdimensioning. By coupling motion capture with virtual reality, workplaces and processes can be designed, evaluated and optimized based on a physical model. The empirically obtained data represents the later realized performance of the components of the material flow system more accurately
Numerical Simulation of a Tubular Push Conveyor
No full textDer Schubelementeförderer, der von der Firma Bühler AG unter dem Markennamen TUBO entwickelt und vermarktet wird, ist ein innovatives Fördersystem für den Materialtransport von nicht-mineralischen Schüttgütern. Er setzt vor allem in der Agrar- und Lebensmitteltechnik neue Maßstäbe in punkto flexibler Linienführung und einfachem Aufbau. Anders als bei heutigen Systemen wird das Schüttgut in einem geschlossenen Rohr ohne Zugmittel über so genannte Schubelemente transportiert.The tubular push conveyor, developed and marketed by Bühler AG under the brand name TUBO, is an innovative conveying system for the transport of non-mineral bulk materials. It sets new standards in terms of flexible conveying routes and simple design especially in the agricultural and food industry. Unlike the most of today's conveying systems, the bulk material is transported in a closed tube without traction by the help of so-called push elements
A Classification of Human-to-Human Communication during the Use of Immersive Teleoperation Interfaces
No full textWe propose a classification of human-to-human communication during the use of immersive teleoperation interfaces based on real-life examples. While a large body of research is concerned with communication in collaborative virtual environments (CVEs), less research focuses on cases where only one of two communicating users is immersed in a virtual or remote environment. Furthermore, we identify the unmediated communication between co-located users of an immersive teleoperation interface as another conceptually important — but usually neglected — case. To cover these scenarios, one of the dimensions of the proposed classification is the level of copresence of the communicating users. Further dimensions are the virtuality of the immersive environment, the virtual transport of the immersed user(s), the point of view of the user(s), the asynchronicity of the users’ communication, the communication channel, and the mediation of the communication. We find that an extension of the proposed classification to real environments can offer useful reference cases. Using this extended classification not only allows us to discuss and understand differences and similarities of various forms of communication in a more systematic way, but it also provides guidelines and reference cases for the design of immersive teleoperation interfaces to better support human-to-human communication