Ministry for Environment, Agriculture, Conservation and Consumer Protection
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When the meaning creates the atmosphere – The symbolic language of architecture in the Monument to the Resistance on Cima Grappa
No full textAccording to the great modern architects, the very aim of architecture is to generate feelings. Consequently, monuments (etymologically meaning buildings linked to memory) represent the ultimate essence of architecture, since they express concepts, arouse moods and provoke reactions. In order to investigate the concept of atmosphere applied to architecture, it is interesting to consider the space of the commemorative monuments, whose purpose is to nurture the collective memory through sensations. Specifically, in these modern and contemporary memorials, feelings and meanings are conveyed by symbolic figures that can be considered a sort of design matrix, sometimes playing the same role as the type. The poetic strength of the Monument to the Resistance on Cima Grappa (Veneto, Italy), by the architect Giuseppe Davanzo, the poet Andrea Zanzotto and the sculptor Augusto Murer, is emblematic of an atmosphere generated by the presence of meanings effectively expressed and represented
Methodology for temporary analysis of logistic systems based on distance data and process classification methods
No full textIn kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) besteht für logistische Prozesse die Herausforderung einer unvollständigen Datenbasis. KMU können nur eingeschränkt auf verfügbaren Methoden zur Datengenerierung zurückgreifen. Manuelle Methoden erfordern einen hohen Ressourcenbedarf und die generierte Datenbasis ist ungenau und subjektiv. Tracking Systeme sind kostenintensiv, unflexibel und mit hohem Installationsaufwand verbunden. Um eine fundierte Datengrundlage zu schaffen, stehen für KMU derzeit keine geeigneten Methoden zur Verfügung. Aus diesen Gründen wird eine Methodik vorgestellt, die der Zielstellung unterliegt, eine KMU-gerechte Vorgehensweise zur effizienten, temporär durchführbaren Datenerhebung und -auswertung in Produktions- und Logistiksystemen als Basis zur Prozessanalyse und verbesserung zu entwickeln. Die Gesamtmethodik fokussiert die retrospektive Lokalisierung und Analyse von Materialflussobjekten. Die technologische Grundlage bilden auf Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-basierende Signalsender, sogenannte Beacons, und handelsübliche Smart Mobile Devices (SMD) als Empfänger, zwischen denen Entfernungsdaten gemessen und retrospektiv Bewegungsprofile abgeleitet werden. Im Entwicklungsfokus steht eine Software-basierte Methodik. Dafür stehen die Auswahl und Implementierung von Mustererkennungsverfahren zur automatischen Prozesserkennung sowie Verfahren zur Visualisierung von relativen Entfernungsdaten im Forschungsfokus.Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face the challenge of a missing or incomplete database, especially for logistics processes. In addition, SMEs have only limited access to currently available methods for data acquisition. Manual methods usually requires a very large amount of resources and result in a limited database. Indoor tracking systems are costintensive, inflexible and require a high installation effort. There are currently no suitable methods available for SMEs to create a well-founded and reliable data basis. For these reasons, a methodology is presented which is subject to the objective of developing an SME-appropriate approach for efficient, temporarily feasible data collection and evaluation in production and logistics systems as a basis for process analysis and improvement.. The overall methodology focuses on the retrospective, event-based tracing and analysis of material flow objects. The technological basis are innovative BLE-based signal transmitters, so-called beacons, and commercially available Smart Mobile Devices (SMD) as receivers, between which distance data are measured and retrospectively derived movement profiles. As a basis for the interpretation of relative movements of transmitters and receivers based on the distance data, a modular software architecture is to be developed. The selection and implementation of pattern recognition methods for automatic process recognition as well as methods for the visualization of relative distance data are in the research focus
Reconfiguration of intralogistics systems with the help of simulation under consideration of environmental conditions – potential analysis
No full textDie Anforderungen an die Logistik, speziell an die Intralogistik, sind in den letzten Jahren aufgrund steigender Heterogenität und Dynamik innerhalb der Produktion deutlich gestiegen. Diese Entwicklung wird es nötig machen, dass Intralogistiksysteme regelmäßig an sich ändernde Anforderungen angepasst werden, damit Unternehmen konkurrenzfähig bleiben können. Bevor das Intralogistiksystem auf die neuen Gegebenheiten angepasst werden kann, muss eine Überprüfung von Aufwand und Nutzen stattfinden. Der Zeitpunkt einer Rekonfiguration ist stark abhängig von Umfeldbedingungen. Um Intralogistiksysteme unter sich ändernden Anforderungen zu analysieren und anzupassen, eignen sich Simulationen. Hierzu werden in diesem Forschungsbericht unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Simulation sowie mögliche Umfeldbedingungen von Intralogistiksystemen dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Potenziale der Simulation für die Rekonfiguration sowie für das Abbilden der Umfeldbedingungen erörtert.The demands on logistics, especially on intralogistics, have increased significantly in the last few years due to increasing heterogeneity and dynamics within production. This trend will make it necessary for intralogistics systems to be regularly adapted to changing requirements in order to keep companies competitive. Before the intralogistics system can be adapted to the new conditions, a review of effort and benefit should be done. The time for reconfiguration depends on environmental conditions. One possibility to reconfigure intralogistics systems under consideration of environmental conditions is simulation. This paper presents different types of simulation as well as possible environmental conditions of intralogistics systems. Furthermore, the potentials of simulation for reconfiguration as well as for mapping the environmental conditions are discussed
Linear direct drive for light conveyor belts to reduce tensile forces
No full textAufgrund von steigenden Anforderungen bezüglich des Massenstroms und der Transportlängen nimmt der Einsatz von Zwischenantrieben bei Stetigförderern sowohl von Stück- als auch von Schüttgut fortlaufend zu. Zwischenantriebe ermöglichen die Einleitung von Antriebskräften entlang der Strecke und führen somit zu einer Reduzierung der maximalen Gurtzugkraft. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiges Antriebskonzept für biegeschlaffe Transportbänder vorgestellt. Zur Reduzierung der Gurtzugkraft werden Zwischenantriebe in Form von Lineardirektantrieben über die Transportstrecke verteilt eingesetzt. Im ersten Abschnitt wird ein neuartiger Gurtaufbau vorgestellt, der eine Implementierung der Läuferelemente des Lineardirektantriebes ermöglicht. Dieser zeichnet sich zum einen durch das nur geringe zusätzliche Gewicht der Läuferelemente aus. Zum anderen weist das Transportband im Vergleich zu konventionellen Transportbändern nur eine geringfügig höhere Biegesteifigkeit auf, wodurch kleine Umlenktrommeldurchmesser realisiert werden können. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird das Antriebskonzept in Form eines Linearhybridschrittmotors näher erläutert. Abschließend wird ein Demonstrator vorgestellt. Dieser wird durch zwei verteilte Linearmotoren angetrieben und weist den zuvor beschriebenen Gurtaufbau auf. Hierbei wird auf durchgeführte Versuche zur Funktion des Demonstrators eingegangen.Due to increasing demands of the mass flow and transport lengths, the use of intermediate drives for continuous conveyors for both packaged and bulk materials is constantly growing. Intermediate drives allow the transmission of drive forces along the conveyor and thus lead to a reduction in the maximum belt tensile force. This paper presents a new drive concept for light conveyor belts. To reduce the belt tensile force, intermediate drives in form of linear direct drives are allocated along the transport distance. In the first part, a new belt design is presented which enables the implementation of the linear direct drive runner elements. The conveyer belt is characterized by low additional weights of the runner elements and has only a slightly higher bending stiffness compared to conventional conveyor belts, whereby small pulley diameters can be achieved. The second part explains the drive concept in the form of an Integrated Linear Flux Modulating Motor in more details. Finally, a demonstrator is presented. The demonstrator is driven by two distributed linear motors and has the belt structure mentioned before. Therefore tests on the function of the demonstrator are described
Concept for the control of virtualized and trainable material flow systems
No full textIn diesem Beitrag wird ein Steuerungskonzept vorgestellt, das die Grundlage für dezentral gesteuerte Prozesse und ortsunabhängige, logistische Ressourcen bildet. Durch den Verzicht auf fest verbaute, lokale Infrastruktur für den Material- und Informationsfluss werden bislang bekannte Ansätze um eine vollständig freie, physische Form der Ressourcen erweitert. Folglich werden hochdynamische Layoutanpassungen unterstützt. Neben der Vorstellung des Konzepts wird eine beispielhafte Implementierung zur Drohnensteuerung im Forschungszentrum des Lehrstuhls FLW der TU Dortmund beschrieben.This paper presents a concept that is to form the basis for decentrally-controlled processes and location-independent, logistical resources. As this concept does not rely on infrastructure for the materials and information flow, it extends known approaches by a completely free, physical form of resources and supports highly dynamic layout adaptations. Alongside the presentation of the concept, an exemplary implementation for drone control in the Research Centre of the chair FLW of TU Dortmund University is described
Influencing factors on the lifetime of HM-HT fibre ropes
No full textStahldrahtseile haben sich aufgrund ihrer hohen Bruchkraft und Betriebssicherheit sowie langjähriger Erfahrungen als Übertragungs-, Verbindungs- und Sicherheitselemente in intermittierenden Förderern, wie Kranen und Aufzügen etabliert. Sie weisen jedoch Nachteile, wie hohe Eigenmasse, geringe Biegeelastizität und Korrosionsempfindlichkeit auf. Steigende Anforderungen an ein energieeffizientes und ressourcenschondes Betreiben von technischen Anlagen fordern zunehmend neue Materialien, Technologien und Verfahren. Demzufolge rücken auch textile Maschinenelemente in Form von HM-HT-Faserseilen (engl.: high modulus - high tenacity) in den Fokus der Betrachtungen. Sie bieten aufgrund ihres günstigen Bruchkraft-Masse-Verhältnisses eine Alternative zu den Stahldrahtseilen. Mit den wachsenden Innovationen gehen jedoch auch neue Schadensfälle einher, da es an Erfahrungswerten und Langzeitstudien textiler Zug- und Tragmittel fehlt.Steel wire ropes have established as transmission, connection and safety elements in intermittent conveyors such as cranes and elevators. This is justified due to their high breaking strength and operational reliability as well as their many years of experience. However, steel wire ropes have disadvantages such as high net mass, low bending elasticity and corrosion sensitivity. Increasing demands on energy-efficient and resource-efficient operation of technical systems are increasingly require new materials, technologies and processes. As a result, textile machine elements like HM-HT fibre ropes (high modulus - high tenacity) are also being considered. They offer an alternative to steel wire ropes due to their favorable breaking force-mass ratio. However, with the growing innovations new cases of damage also go hand in hand. It lacks on experience and long-term studies of textile tensile elements
The Quality of Time and Its Quantifications. Negotiations about the Feeding Tube at the End of Life
No full textThe measurement and calculations of quality of life have a huge impact on policy and treatment in Western countries and global health policies. The original motivation to develop these measurements was to bring in ‘patient values’. However, it is far from clear what ‘quality of life’ comes to mean when it is quantified, and how it may correspond to things that patient value. In this paper I unravel what quantifications can and cannot make visible by ethnographically studying the different temporalities that are enfolded in different understandings of quality. To this end I analyse interviews and observations that relate how people with ALS who consider or live with a feeding tube encounter concerns with quality and temporality in their daily lives. I will show that the relevant temporalities change as qualities, rather than as quantities. Rather than ‘gaining more time’ by extending life through treatment, different types of times are added, fade away, or become lost. This can only be made visible through qualitative research
Games as Blends: Understanding Hybrid Games
No full textThe meaning of what hybrid games are is often fixed to the context in which the term is used. For example, hybrid games have often been defined in relation to recent developments in technology. This creates issues in the terms usage and limitations in thinking. This paper argues that hybrid games should be understood through conceptual metaphors. Hybridity is the blending of different cognitive domains that are not usually associated together. Hybrid games usually blend domains related to games, for example digital and board games, but can blend also other domains. Through viewing game experiences as blends from different domains, designers can understand the inherent hybridity in various types of games and use that understanding when building new designs
A FRAND Regime for Dominant Digital Platforms
No full textDominant digital platforms are under increased scrutiny by regulators around the world, notably competition authorities. Much of the discussion focuses on market access and contestability. However, many doubt whether traditional competition law enforcement can, by itself, be an adequate solution to the challenges posed by dominant digital platforms. Instead, a broader regulatory solution could be devised to ensure effective competition and to provide access to critical platforms or access to data. On the premises that regulation is warranted, this paper considers whether a Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) access regime could be a solution to ensure effective competition, while maintaining the incentives of dominant platforms to innovate. The paper shows that, beyond the application of FRAND in the competition law context, the European Union institutions have consistently used the FRAND regime to ensure access to critical infrastructure or inputs. The FRAND regime has been applied in EU legislation such as standardisation, chemicals, electronic communications framework, public sector information, research framework, vehicles emissions, payment services, credit rating agencies and benchmark regulations. It has proved itself to be a flexible and pragmatic tool, able to apply to different market dynamics and bottlenecks. Drawing out the common elements of this European FRAND access regime, the paper considers how it could be applied as a regulatory solution for dominant digital platforms