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Red Cell Genetic Markers in Malarial Susceptibility and Selective Advantage Hypothesis
No full textMalaria is still a serious public health challenge in many parts of the world including India. Human genetic susceptibility to malaria varies from individual to individual depending upon the genetic constitution and from region to region based on geo-ecological and climatic conditions. In the present study, intravenous 334 random blood samples of unrelated adult individuals belonging to Mongoloid ethnic stock were taken after informed consent from the endemic localities of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Nagaland to find out the relationship between the abnormal hemoglobin and G6PD enzyme deficiency, and susceptibility to malaria. Abnormal hemoglobin E and G6PD enzyme deficiency seem to interact with malarial parasite in such a way that they probably provide decreased susceptibility or inhibitory effect or increased resistance. Genetic alterations in human genome are maintained in the specific population by natural selection to protect the host against the malarial infection. These findings are consistent with those studies which support the notion of selective genetic advantage hypothesis against the malaria infection
Comparative Evaluation of Cash Benefit Scheme of Janani Suraksha Yojana for Beneficiary Mothers from Different Health Care Settings of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India
No full textIntroduction: For better outcomes in mother and child health, Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 with a major objective of providing accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population; especially the vulnerable. Reduction in MMR to 100/100,000 is one of its goals and the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is the key strategy of NRHM to achieve this reduction. The JSY, as a safe motherhood intervention and modified alternative of the National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS), has been implemented in all states and Union territories with special focus on low performing states. The main objective and vision of JSY is to reduce maternal, neo-natal mortality and promote institutional delivery among the poor pregnant women of rural and urban areas. This scheme is 100% centrally sponsored and has an integrated delivery and post delivery care with the help of a key person i.e. ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), followed by cash monetary help to the women. Objectives: 1)To evaluate cash benefit service provided under JSY at different health care settings. 2) To know the perception and elicit suggestions of beneficiaries on quality of cash benefit scheme of JSY. Methodology: This is a health care institute based observational cross sectional study including randomly selected 200 JSY beneficiary mothers from the different health care settings i.e., Primary Health Centres, Community Health Centres, District Hospital and Medical College Hospital of Rewa District of Madhya Pradesh state. Data was collected with the help of set pro forma and then analysed with Epi Info 2000. Chi square test was applied appropriately. Results: 60% and 80% beneficiaries from PHC and CHC received cash within 1 week after discharge whereas 100% beneficiaries of District Hospital and Medical College Hospital received cash at the time of discharge; the overall distribution of time of cash disbursement among beneficiaries of PHC, CHC, DH and Medical College Hospital were found to be statistically significant.(Chi-square =45.04, p-value: 0.0000). Shortage of doctors at Health Care Centers was found to be a major cause for the delay in cash disbursement
Neural Mechanism of Language
No full textThis paper is based on our previous work on neural coding. It is a self-organized model supported by existing evidences. Firstly, we briefly introduce this model in this paper, and then we explain the neural mechanism of language and reasoning with it. Moreover, we find that the position of an area determines its importance. Specifically, language relevant areas are in the capital position of the cortical kingdom. Therefore they are closely related with autonomous consciousness and working memories. In essence, language is a miniature of the real world. Briefly, this paper would like to bridge the gap between molecule mechanism of neurons and advanced functions such as language and reasoning
A Survey on Job and Task Scheduling in Big Data
No full textBigdata handles the datasets which exceeds the ability of commonly used software tools for storing, sharing and processing the data. Classification of workload is a major issue to the Big Data community namely job type evolution and job size evolution. On the basis of job type, job size and disk performance, clusters are been formed with data node, name node and secondary name node. To classify the workload and to perform the job scheduling, mapreduce algorithm is going to be applied. Based on the performance of individual machine, workload has been allocated. Mapreduce has two phases for processing the data: map and reduce phases. In map phase, the input dataset taken is splitted into keyvalue pairs and an intermediate output is obtained and in reduce phase that key value pair undergoes shuffle and sort operation. Intermediate files are created from map tasks are written to local disk and output files are written to distributed file system of Hadoop. Scheduling of different jobs to different disks are identified after completing mapreduce tasks. Johnson algorithm is used to schedule the jobs and used to find out the optimal solution of different jobs. It schedules the jobs into different pools and performs the scheduling. The main task to be carried out is to minimize the computation time for entire jobs and analyze the performance using response time factors in hadoop distributed file system. Based on the dataset size and number of nodes which is formed in hadoop cluster, the performance of individual jobs are identified\ud
Keywords — \ud
hadoop; mapreduce; johnson algorith
Health Status of Padia Workers in Slums of a Taluka Headquarters in Gujarat
No full textBackground: ‘Padia’ is cup or plate made from paper. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 3 slum areas of Petlad town of Anand district in Gujarat state to describe the socio-economic and health status of the Padia workers using a pretested questionnaire. Results: 68.5% of the study participants were male. Only 27.6 % persons were educated upto higher secondary school and none beyond. There was no worker below 14 years of age.74 % work at their residence. Most of them spend about eight hours for the ‘Padia’ making work over and above their household job. Addictions were present in more than 1/3rd of workers. Musculoskeletal problem was commonest health problem. 18(12.1%) had experienced work place related injuries accidents. None of the workers used any protective devices. Conclusion: Padia workers have several health issues including occupation related health hazards. Need exists for a participatory occupational health programme for this working population
Awareness and Practice of Biomedical Waste Management Among Different Health Care Personnel at Tertiary Care Centre, Rajkot, India
No full textBackground: Bio medical waste collection and proper disposal has become a significant concern for both the medical and general community. Objective: To know the awareness and practice of biomedical waste management (BMW) among health care personnel working at a tertiary care centre. Methods: The study was conducted from January 2013 to June 2013. It was a descriptive observational hospital based cross sectional study. Study participants included the resident and intern doctors, nursing staff, laboratory technicians, sanitary staff (ward boys, aaya and sweepers) working in the P D U Government Medical College and Civil Hospital, Rajkot who are dealing with BMW. The study was conducted by using pretested, semi-structured pro forma. Results: Total 282 health care personnel participated, including 123 resident and intern doctors, 92 nursing personnel, 13 laboratory technicians and 54 sanitary staff. Only 44.3% study participants received training for bio medical waste management. Except for doctors (98.4%), awareness regarding identification and use of color coded bags as per BMW act, was very poor among health care personnel. Record keeping for injuries related to biomedical waste was very poor for all health care personnel. Significant number of paramedics maintained record of BMW at work place, practiced disinfection and segregation of BMW at work place, used personal protective measures while handling BMW. Significant number of resident and intern doctors practiced correct method for collecting sharps and needles than paramedical staff. Conclusion: Intensive training program at regular time interval and a system of monitoring and surveillance about practice of day to day BMW management should be evolved
Seasonal Variation of Delivery Rate: A Four Years Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Centre
No full textObjective: To determine if there are monthly variations in the rate of deliveries in Burdwan Medical College West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Burdwan Medical College. We extracted the total number of deliveries from the hospital records for over four year period and analyzed the figures for the monthly variation in delivery rates. This was repeated for a standardized 30-day month and the findings noted. The extracted data then fed into a computer and analysis was performed, based on the grouping of the delivery rates per month. Results: The monthly distribution of total deliveries showed a slightly sinusoidal pattern with two peaks. A major peak spanning two months, August and September and another small peak in April and May. The figure also depicted the nadir number of deliveries to occur majorly in February and March and another in December. Conclusion: There is a seasonal variation in delivery rates in our study
Approaches for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textIntroduction: Retrograde transfemoral and antegrade transapical approaches are mostly used for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. This meta-analysis is designed to assess the performance of the transfemoral and transapical approach. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Current Contents Connect, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Original data was abstracted from each study and used to calculate a pooled odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Only 14 studies comprising of 6965 patients met full criteria for analysis. The mean duration of hospitalisation and procedure duration were similar among the 2 cohorts. The 30 days mortality (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.531-0.921), the need for haemodialysis (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.157-0.525) and one year mortality (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.564-0.927) were lower in the transfemoral cohort. The frequency of stroke at 30 days and new pacemaker insertion were comparable. However, the prevalence of vascular complication (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.821-4.563) was higher in the transfemoral group. The incidence of aortic regurgitation (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.844-1.855), valve embolization (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.622-6.448), major bleeding incidence rates (OR:0.77, 95% CI: 0.488-1.225), coronary obstruction (OR:0.74, 95% CI:0.234-2.311), myocardial infarction (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.28-2.00), conversion to open cardiac surgery (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.062-1.343) and successful implantation (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.394-1.149) were comparable in the two cohorts. Conclusions: In the absence of a randomized controlled study, the ability to discriminate true differences is challenging. Even though the complications rate was much lower in transfemoral group as compared to transapical group, the current literature does not support a clear superiority of one approach to TAVR over the other
Problem solving: What are the important questions?
No full textProblem solving research is in need for re-thinking main questions. The purpose of this paper is a stock-taking of some of the identified problems, to discuss potential remedies for them, and to look for future perspectives. I see three areas for discussion: (1) What are the phenomena to be explained? (2) What methods should be used? What methodology is appropriate to the subject? (3) What is the progress in theory since the legendary work from Newell and Simon (1972)? What can we expect from new data sources? How can we relate data to theoretical assumptions
Optimisation of Surgical Results in de-Quervain’s Disease
No full textBackground: De Quervain’s disease poses more problems with respect to management than the diagnosis. Surgery is resorted to when the conservative methods fail. There are known complications of the surgical intervention. Surgeon contemplating the surgery should be aware of these and make every attempt to optimize the results and avoid the above mentioned complication. Methods: Sixty symptomatic wrists in 57 individuals suffering from de Quervain’s disease who needed surgery were studied preoperatively with ultrasound. Number of tendons and the sub septae identified in the ultrasound examination preoperatively were confirmed on the table during the surgery. The release was brought about under local anesthesia, with magnification taking care to avoid injury to the cephalic vein and superficial branch of radial nerve, not to violate the anterior margin of the sheath, thus preventing complications. A negative post release finkelstein test was ensured before the wound closure. Results: All 60 patients who underwent release for de Quervain’s disease were symptom free, satisfied and fully functional. Conclusions: De-Quervain's disease not relieved by conservative methods needs surgical release under local anesthesia with a transverse incision with Preoperative ultrasound examination for the number of tendons and subseptae. Avoiding the violation of the volar aspect of the sheath, loupe magnification, tourniquet and post release Finkelstein’s test before wound closure, will ensure optimal results