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Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in Xeroderma Pigmentosum
No full textXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder associated with multiple oculocutaneous and neurological manifestations. It occurs due to deficiency of the enzymes responsible for repairing ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Persistence of un-repaired DNA results in somatic mutations, leading to neoplasia of the skin and ocular surface. As this condition is rare, only isolated case reports of XP with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) are found in literature
Autism spectrum disorders: A relational cause
No full textJones and Klin (1) showed that newborns who will later develop autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) pay normal attention to eyes, but that attention declines from 2-6 months. This shows, they say, how 'initial genotypic vulnerabilities' cause ASDs. Their results suggest, however, that ASDs are caused by insufficient practice of early eye-contact
An Educational Interventional Study to Assess Awareness about Mosquito Breeding, Diseases Caused and Protective Measures Against them among Families Residing in an Urban Slum of Indore City
No full textBackground: Community participation plays an important role in control of Mosquito borne diseases. This study tries to assess impact of educational intervention on various aspects of mosquito borne diseases in an urban slum. Methodology: An educational interventional study was done in 200 families residing in a slum (Badi Gwaltoli) which is in field practice area of Urban Health Centre attached to Department of Community Medicine of M.G.M.Medical College, Indore. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the Head of the family which studied their awareness and perception regarding breeding sites and biting habits of mosquitoes, diseases spread by them and personal protective measures used, followed by an educational intervention and post assessment. Data was entered into Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: 46% of study population knew the correct breeding season of mosquitoes (monsoon season) during pre-intervention and 68% of the population post- intervention (p- value 0.004). When asked at what time mosquitoes bite the most, maximum number (92%) of people said that mosquitoes bite most in the evening and night, while only 6% and 2% were for morning and noon, respectively. Only 3.5% of the population who knew about breeding sites knew about artificial collections of water. Majority said mosquito breed in dirty stagnant water (78.5%). About 96%of the study population was aware that mosquitoes spread diseases. However, only 33.3%of respondents knew correctly about the diseases spread which improved to 68% in the post-intervention period (p-value=.000). 46% knew all the protection measures against mosquitoes in the pre-intervention which increased to 86% in the post intervention (p.value-.005). Conclusion: Awareness about Aedes mosquitoes and its habits is quite poor and many people still believe that only dirty water serves as a breeding place in mosquitoes. Regular IEC sessions informing community about mosquito-borne diseases will improve community participation
Type A Dissection Presenting as a Double Aortic Valve
No full textWe report a case of spontaneous aortic root dissection in a middle-aged male without history of recent trauma, mimicking double aortic valve on the echocardiogram which extended to the right brachiocephalic artery. The patient immediately underwent Bentall procedure
Abilità linguistiche ed extralinguistiche in pazienti con afasia
No full textL’afasia è una condizione patologica che si verifica prevalentemente a\ud
seguito di una lesione cerebrale in specifiche aree dell’emisfero sinistro, che\ud
comporta deficit che limitano gravemente l’efficacia comunicativa nella vita\ud
quotidiana (Darrigrand et al., 2011). Tradizionalmente si sono indagate soprattutto\ud
le implicazioni sul piano del linguaggio e sono stati proposti numerosi\ud
strumenti per la valutazione del puro deficit linguistico: WAB (Kertesz,\ud
1982), BADA (Miceli et al., 1994), Test dei Gettoni (De Renzi e Vignolo,\ud
1962).\ud
Anche la componente gestuale della comunicazione, tuttavia, sembra\ud
compromessa. Cutica e colleghi (2006) hanno evidenziato prestazioni deficitarie\ud
dei pazienti con lesione cerebrale sinistra nella comprensione di atti comunicativi\ud
complessi, come inganni e ironie, espresse attraverso i gesti. La\ud
performance era, invece, paragonabile a quella dei soggetti di controllo nei\ud
compiti comunicativi più semplici. Sebbene l’utilizzo di gesti possa rappresentare\ud
una modalità di compenso del deficit linguistico nei pazienti afasici,\ud
questo sembra valere solo per compiti che non implichino la gestione di rappresentazioni\ud
mentali complesse. Questi dati sono interpretabili in riferimento\ud
al modello di Bara e Tirassa (1999) che definiscono la comunicazione come\ud
un processo nel quale la via linguistica ed extralinguistica rappresentano\ud
due modalità espressive parallele e integrantisi a vicenda. Conferme a riguardo\ud
derivano dalla psicologia dello sviluppo: bambini a sviluppo tipico mostrano\ud
la stessa difficoltà di comprensione di differenti compiti pragmatici,\ud
sia che si realizzino per via linguistica sia per via extralinguistica (Bucciarelli\ud
et al., 2003). Inoltre, studi mostrano come la competenza comunicativa sia\ud
indipendente dalla modalità specifica e come la modalità linguistica e extralinguistica\ud
presentino gli stessi tratti di acquisizione (Bara et al., 2000). Il\ud
presente lavoro si inserisce nel quadro teorico della teoria della Pragmatica\ud
Cognitiva (Bara, 2010) una teoria dei processi mentali sottostanti la comunicazione.\ud
All’interno di tale quadro teorico è possibile ordinare diversi fenomeni\ud
pragmatici lungo un gradiente di difficoltà crescente, in base alla complessità\ud
delle rappresentazioni mentali coinvolte, e indipendente dalla modalità\ud
in cui sono espresse (Angeleri et al., 2008; Bosco et al., 2006; Bosco e\ud
Bucciarelli, 2008; Bara et al., 2001)
Spontaneous eye movements during passive spoken language comprehension reflect grammatical processing
No full textLanguage is tightly connected to sensory and motor systems. Recent research using eye- tracking typically relies on constrained visual contexts, viewing a small array of objects on a computer screen. Some critiques of embodiment ask if people simply match their simulations to the pictures being presented. This study compared the comprehension of verbs with two different grammatical forms: the past progressive form (e.g., was walking), which emphasizes the ongoing nature of actions, and the simple past (e.g., walked), which emphasizes the end-state of an action. The results showed that the distribution and timing of eye movements mirrors the underlying conceptual structure of this linguistic difference in the absence of any visual stimuli. Thus, eye movement data suggest that visual inputs are unnecessary to solicit perceptual simulations
Hirayama Disease - A Variant of Motor Neuron Disease and Role of Flexion MRI in Diagnosis
No full textHirayama disease is a monomyelic variant of motor neuron disease (MND) and has distinctive features of male predominance, asymmetric involvement of upper extremities with a self limiting course. Flexion MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) forms the main stay for diagnosis of this condition. Here we report such an unusual case of Hirayama disease in a male patient of 20 years who presented with weakness and atrophy in right upper limb. Careful clinical examination will help to use the flexion MRI studies for the diagnosis of this condition as done in our case
Bibliographic Review on Distributed Kalman Filtering
No full textIn recent years, a compelling need has arisen to understand the effects of distributed information structures on estimation and filtering. In this paper, a bibliographical review on distributed Kalman filtering (DKF) is provided.\ud
The paper contains a classification of different approaches and methods involved to DKF. The applications of DKF are also discussed and explained separately. A comparison of different approaches is briefly carried out. Focuses on the contemporary research are also addressed with emphasis on the practical applications of the techniques. An exhaustive list of publications, linked directly or indirectly to DKF in the open literature, is compiled to provide an overall picture of different developing aspects of this area
Recognition of micro-scale deformation structures in glacial sediments - pattern perception, observer bias and the influence of experience
No full textIt is a scientist's mission to try to remain unbiased. However, certain factors play a role in scientific analyses that are not controlled by conscious thought. These factors are potentially very important in areas of science where interpretations are based on a scientist's ability to identify patterns or structures. One such area is the micromorphology of glacial sediments. In this paper we investigate the role of an analyst's experience in relation to pattern perception with specific reference to turbate microstructures in glacial diamictons. An experiment was conducted on 52 participants, which demonstrated that, as may be expected, more experienced (glacial) micromorphologists tend to exhibit a higher sensitivity-to-signal, but that complete novices, if given clear instructions, can reach levels of sensitivity similar to those of experts. It also showed, perhaps more surprisingly, that response bias does not decrease with experience. We discuss psychological factors, such as the drive for success and consistency, that may have contributed to these results and investigate their possible implications in the micromorphological analysis and interpretation of glacial sediments
Borderline Ovarian Malignancies : A Single Institute Retrospective Study.
No full textBackground: Borderline ovarian tumors are histologically characterized as epithelial tumors with a stratified growth pattern but without destructive stromal invasion. Little is known about the histological subtypes and outcome, role of fertility sparing surgery and role of postoperative therapy in advanced stage in Indian scenario. While there is ample data in the world literature about this disease, prognosis in Indian patients is largely unknown due to dearth of studies in our setting. Objective: To study the demographic profile, clinical features, imaging, treatment and outcome of borderline ovarian tumors. Methods: This is a retrospective study of eighty seven patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumor, diagnosed and treated from January 2006 to October 2011 at our institution. Most patients underwent surgical staging which incuded total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, infracolic omentectomy, bilateral pelvic and para aortic lymphadenectomy. Young patients who had not completed their family underwent fertility sparing surgery. Patients with invasive metastatic implants received adjuvant chemotherapy. The outcome of these patients was correlated with stage, type of peritoneal implant, type of surgical procedure and with histological subtype. Results: At a median follow-up of 48 months, 100 percent survival was noted. One patient with stage III disease had recurrence. Conclusions: Borderline ovarian tumors occur at a younger age compared to invasive tumors. In patients with early stage disease who wish to preserve fertility, hysterectomy and contralateral oophorectomy are not necessary. Serous tumors occur at a younger age. They can be associated with invasive peritoneal implants and raised CA125 values. Majority of the serous tumors are bilateral and smaller in size compared to mucinous and endometroid tumors. Raised CA125 values did not correlate with the stage of disease. These patients have an excellent prognosis even in Indian scenario where majority of patients present with big ovarian masses