93384 research outputs found
Sort by
Hang up to the hook! Manufacture and fishing practices at Mesolithic Olsteinhelleren, Norway
No full textInternational audienceThis paper discusses bone fishhooks from the Late Mesolithic Olsteinhelleren site excavation. Fishing activity marks a major turning point in the subsistence of hunter-gatherer groups between the 7th and 6th millennia cal. BC in southern Norway. Our study method, presented in detail, used a technico-functional approach based on a diacritical reading of the hook, its surface state and the manufactured overlapping areas. This reading enables us to reconstruct the manufacturing chaîne opératoire and to consider the chronological dimension of its realisation. Therefore, individual, and collective strategies were identified regarding the management of bone raw materials and the involvement of fishing activity in terms of technical practice and subsistence strategies. The fishhook production was embedded in other activities and was performed by production of standardised blanks which could have been stored and transported to summer fishing camps such as Olsteinhelleren, where hook shaping, and line maintenance were carried out. Looking both at the hook production and the wide amount of ichthyofaunal remains, we assume that these populations were practising a seasonal intensive fishing, possibly with a longline
Knives, canoes, and invisible technologies: A use-wear analysis of shell tools from southern Patagonia
No full textInternational audienceThe archipelagos of southwestern Patagonia were historically inhabited by hunter-gatherer societies characterized by a maritime-oriented lifeway and a knowledge of navigation techniques. These canoeros societies inhabited this extensive territory from approximately 7500 years BP until the processes of social disintegration and ethnocide that took place during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The use of shells as tools constituted a distinctive behavioral trait among these groups, and as such, is well documented in ethnographic sources. Nonetheless, archaeological investigation of this practice has remained limited, due in part to the rarity of shell tools in the archaeological record and the inherent difficulty of detecting the use of unmodified shells. This study addresses this historical gap through a use-wear analysis of unmodified shells recovered from several archaeological sites, in addition to three ethnographic artifacts, including a manufactured shell knife. The results indicate that some of these shells—typically classified as food refuse, as they are an integral part of the shell middens—were in fact tools, used primarily for skin scraping, in four out of the five archaeological sites examined. These include middle and late Holocene sites from both the Beagle Channel and the Magallanes region. Moreover, ethnographic collections have enabled the examination of unmodified shell tools, retouched shell implements, and hafted knives originating from territories inhabited by both the Yagan and Kawésqar societies. These ethnographic tools were also primarily associated with skin processing, although they exhibit a considerably longer period of use compared to the archaeological ones. The combination of ethnohistorical and ethnographic sources with the application of archaeological methodologies to the analysis of both ethnographic and archaeological assemblages has enabled a better understanding of the role shell tools played in these societies, as well as a direct assessment of the strengths and limitations inherent to each of these disciplinary approaches
Penser l’ESS et la transition socio-écologique : une approche mésoéconomique
No full textInternational audienceThe article shows how the mesoeconomic approach can simultaneously account for the diversity of enterprises within the social and solidarity economy (SSE) and clarify the extent of their autonomy from the dominant accumulation regime. Mesoeconomics aims to shed light on arenas of production that maintain a degree of autonomy from the broader dynamics of accumulation. It thus allows us to grasp the endogenous diversity of capitalism and to observe how different meso arenas function, regardless of whether they remain marginal or succeed in scaling up to the broader accumulation regime. Our objective is to identify the possible contribution of the SSE to socio-ecological transitions grounded in its own internal logic. full text here https://journals.openedition.org/interventionseconomiques/28977L’article montre la capacité de la démarche mésoéconomique à rendre compte simultanément de la diversité des entreprises de l’ESS et à débattre de l’autonomie relative de cet espace mésoéconomique par rapport au régime d’accumulation dominant. La mésoéconomie a en effet pour objet de mettre en lumière des espaces de production maintenant une autonomie relative vis-à-vis des dynamiques d’ensemble de l’accumulation du capital. Elle permet ainsi de saisir la variété endogène des capitalismes et d'observer le fonctionnement de différents espaces mésoéconomique, qu’ils restent marginaux ou qu’ils soient à même de monter en régime. Notre objet est au final d’identifier la possible contribution de l’ESS aux transitions socio-écologiques à partir de ses logiques propres. Texte disponible ici https://journals.openedition.org/interventionseconomiques/2897
Étude géoarchéologique du système d’irrigation de Sarazm (IVe-IIIe millénaires av. n. è.). De la gestion de l’eau à la fabrique du paysage fluvial dans la moyenne vallée semi-aride et tectoniquement active du Zeravshan (Tadjikistan, Asie centrale).
No full textInternational audienc
Unravelling Indian Ocean Trade: A Comparative Archaeological Study of Alagankulam and Beyond
No full textInternational audienceThe development of Indian Ocean trade began around the mid-first millennium BC, driven by regional and local factors. Port settlements along the coasts of Egypt, Arabia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia emerged, facilitating trade, migration, and cultural exchange. Even if historical reconstructions seek to produce a vision of connected ensembles, in reality they are still rarely based on comparative archaeological studies. To address this, a collaboration with the Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology focuses on Alagankulam (AGM), a key early historical port in southern India. AGM, alongside other significant ports like Korkai, Arikamedu, and Muziris, has undergone extensive excavations. Recent excavations (2014-2017) revealed two settlements: Kottaimedu, active from the 4th century BC, and Amman Kudiyiruppu, occupied during the medieval period. The findings suggest extensive trade links between South India, the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and China via the Bay of Bengal. AGM’s artifacts, including ornaments and ceramics, indicate direct and indirect interactions with these regions. This paper explores the goods and communities involved in these exchanges, shedding light on the complex networks that shaped Indian Ocean trade
Trois corpus, une histoire : la “collection de Brienne” et ses déclinaisons familiales
No full texthttps://passages.hypotheses.org/Any discussion of the “Brienne collection” requires some preliminary clarification. Between the early 17th and late 18th centuries, this body of work underwent constant evolution, changing form as it was transmitted, used, and adapted to different administrative contexts. Far from forming a perfectly homogeneous block, it spread throughout the royal administration—even circulating outside the kingdom—generating copies, selections of excerpts, and genuine family variations. These duplicates, which are the subject of one of my investigations, show the extent to which this collection served both family memory and administrative memory. To navigate this shifting configuration, a few landmarks are necessary. Here we will focus on three sets compiled within the Loménie family.Parler de la « collection de Brienne » exige quelques mises au point préalables. Entre le début du XVIIe et la fin du XVIIIe siècle, ce corpus n’a cessé d’évoluer, changeant de forme au gré des transmissions, des usages et des contextes administratifs. Loin de former un bloc parfaitement homogène, il s’est diffusé au sein de l’administration royale — jusqu’à circuler hors du royaume — en générant copies, sélections d’extraits et véritables déclinaisons familiales. Ces duplicata, qui font l’objet d’une de mes investigations, montrent à quel point cette collection servit à la fois la mémoire familiale et la mémoire administrative. Pour se repérer dans cette configuration mouvante, quelques jalons s’imposent donc. On se concentrera ici sur trois ensembles constitués au sein de la famille de Loménie
Self-Perceptions of Aging in Older Adults: A Network Analysis of Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Cognitive aging is highly heterogeneous, not only in performance but also in how individuals perceive their own aging. Such self-perceptions may shape emotional reactions and adaptation to memory difficulties, yet little is known about their organization in patients referred to a memory clinic for a first diagnostic consultation. The primary aim of this study was to identify the internal configuration of self-perceptions of aging in such patients. A secondary aim was to compare these patterns with those observed in older adults recruited in a research unit of experimental psychology, who reported subjective complaints but had no medical referral. Methods: In total, 130 memory clinic patients and 84 laboratory participants completed, prior to the same neuropsychological testing, a psychosocial questionnaire assessing four domains: self-perceptions of memory deficits, attitudes toward aging, aging stereotypes, and multiple facets of subjective age. Network analysis was applied to examine how these variables were interrelated and to determine their relative importance in each group. Results: Across both samples, network analyses revealed distinct organizational patterns. Patients showed a unified representational system characterized by more positive associations and centered on subjective age variables. By contrast, the laboratory group showed a two-cluster network with more negative connections, organized around negative aging stereotypes.Conclusions: These findings provide novel insights into the psychosocial profile of memory clinic patients, highlighting the added value of network approaches for capturing the interrelations among key self-representations of aging and memory, and for informing and contextualizing clinical evaluation
Discussion autour du livre de Sophie Grosbon, "Le libre-échange agricole face à l'urgence climatique", éditions Quae, 2025
No full textDiscussion-débatLe récent mouvement des agriculteurs au sein de l’Union européenne a mis sur la sellette les accords de libre-échange et leurs conséquences paradoxales : les produits agro-alimentaires sont progressivement mis en concurrence au niveau mondial mais les normes écologiques ne s’imposent pas internationalement, si bien que les agriculteurs engagés dans des pratiques plus durables risquent d’y perdre en compétitivité. Cet ouvrage, destiné aux citoyens, notamment universitaires et plus largement à tous ceux préoccupés par la mondialisation, vise à éclairer le débat public en présentant les contraintes que les accords de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et les récents traités commerciaux européens font peser sur des politiques agricoles qui se voudraient vertueuses. Il met en lumière les marges de manœuvre dont disposent les États pour protéger leur agriculture locale. À l’heure où l’utilisation des terres apparaît comme centrale dans la lutte contre le réchauffement planétaire, les pratiques agro-alimentaires mondiales sont appelées à être bousculées. Au vu des enjeux, le débat ne peut se résumer à une opposition frontale entre commerce international et relocalisation de la production. L’ouvrage invite à repenser le contrôle des modes de production, là où le libre-échange s’analyse comme une perte de pouvoir et la « dé-libéralisation » comme une réaffirmation de choix collectifs territorialisés pour un système alimentaire durable
