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«Music as an Anchor to the Self»: A Qualitative Study on How Domestic Violence Is Addressed in a Norwegian Context
No full textDenne studien undersøker hvordan musikkterapeuter i Norge arbeider med og adresserer fenomenet vold i nære relasjoner. Datamaterialet er samlet inn gjennom kvalitative, semi-strukturerte intervju med tre musikkterapeuter fra ulike felt. To av informantene jobber i helsetjenesten: én med mennesker utsatt for seksuelle overgrep og én med psykosepasienter. Den tredje arbeider innen kriminalomsorgen. Gjennom en tematisk analyse av materialet ble fire hovedtemaer til: å jobbe med traumer, musikkterapeutiske tilnærminger, arbeidsmiljø, og informantenes kjernepunkter.
Basert på funnene ble det sentralt å diskutere hvordan musikkterapi kan fungere som en del av traumebehandling, og hvordan musikkterapeutenes metodevalg og faglige tilnærminger påvirkes av kontekst og brukernes individuelle behov. I tillegg ble det belyst hvordan sangskriving kan fungere som en metode for bearbeiding og hvordan rytmer i musikken kan ha en regulerende funksjon. Videre diskuteres betydningen av et støttende arbeidsmiljø og tverrfaglig samarbeid på arbeidsplassen, særlig i arbeid preget av alvorlig tematikk slik som vold i nære relasjoner. Til slutt ble et av flere kjernepunkter fremhevet og sett i kontekst med resten av funnene i oppgaven: musikken som et anker til selvet. I samhandling med det teoretiske rammeverket viser funnene at særlig pilarene trygghet, relasjon og regulering i Traumebevisst Omsorg, samt viktigheten av fokus på psykoedukasjon og samtaleteknikker samhandler godt med hvordan vi har sett at musikkterapeuter i en norsk kontekst arbeider – eller ønsker – å arbeide med fenomenet vold i nære relasjoner.
Nøkkelord: musikkterapi, vold i nære relasjoner, traumebevisst omsorg, kvalitativ metodeThis study explores how music therapists in Norway work with and address the phenomenon of domestic violence. The data material was collected through qualitative, semi-structured interviews with three music therapists from different fields. Two of the participants work in the healthcare system: one with individuals exposed to sexual abuse and one with patients diagnosed with psychosis. The third informant works within the correctional services. Through a thematic analysis of the material, four main themes emerged: working with trauma, music therapeutic approaches, work environment, and the participants´ core perspectives.
Based on the findings, the discussion focused on how music therapy can serve as part of trauma treatment, and how music therapists’ choice of methods and professional approaches are shaped by context and the individual needs of the clients. Furthermore, the use of songwriting as a method for emotional processing and the regulatory potential of rhythm in music were highlighted. The significance of a supportive work environment and interdisciplinary collaboration was also discussed, particularly when working with complex and heavy themes such as domestic violence. One core theme was given particular attention in relation to the rest of the findings: music as an anchor to the self. In connection with the theoretical framework, the findings show that the pillars of safety, connection and regulation from Trauma-Informed Care, as well as the importance of psychoeducation and communication techniques, align well with how music therapists in a Norwegian context work – or wish to work – with the phenomenon of domestic violence.
Keywords: music therapy, domestic violence, trauma-informed care, qualitative research
English title: «Music as an Anchor to the Self »: A Qualitative Study on How Domestic Violence Is Addressed Through Music Therapy in a Norwegian ContextMasteroppgave i musikkterapiMUTP350MAHF-INMU
Samtykke som rettslig grunnlag for politiets bekymringssamtaler med mindreårige
No full textMasteroppgaveJUS399MAJUR-2MAJU
Mindfulness-based body scan training in multimodal physiotherapy for vulvodynia – a randomized controlled feasibility study
No full textThis randomized controlled trial explored the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of integrating mindfulness-based body scan (MBBS) interventions into multimodal pelvic floor physiotherapy for vulvodynia treatment. Participants received ten sessions of standardized physiotherapy. The mindfulness intervention group was instructed to additionally perform home-based audio-file guided MBBS five times a week. The primary study endpoint was feasibility. The effect on pain intensity, pain characteristics and sexuality were assessed with Numeric Rating scales (NRS), the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and digital assessment of pelvic floor. Thirty-three women were randomized and completed the end-of-treatment assessments and 26 (79%) attended the follow-up. 15 of 17 participants of the intervention group (88%) performed the body scans more than ten times and the feasibility criteria were achieved. The intervention group showed significantly better improvements in NRS of average pain, MPQ subscales and FSDS total score. Pelvic floor assessment showed a significant improvement of myofascial pressure points over time with no difference between study groups. Integration of MBBS trainings into multimodal pelvic floor physiotherapy for vulvodynia is feasible and well accepted and may improve pain reduction and sexual function.publishedVersio
Extramural English in EAL: A case study of experiences and possibilities using Instagram in the EAL classroom.
No full textErfaringsbasert masteroppg�ve i undervisning med fordjupning i engelskENGMAU65
How are the underlying principles and considerations of criminal sentencing in Norwegian law affected by the best interest of the child being a primary consideration in rape cases where both the offender and the victim are under 18 years of age?
No full textOppgaven reiser spørsmål om hvilken betydning barnets beste får for straffutmålingen i voldtektssaker hvor både tiltalte og fornærmede var under 18 år på gjerningstidspunktet. Siktemålet er å klargjøre og systematisere forholdet mellom barnets beste og de tradisjonelle utgangspunktene for straffutmåling i norsk rett – forholdsmessighet, allmennprevensjon og individualprevensjon – slik de gjør seg gjeldende i saker hvor barn voldtar barn.Masteroppgave (70 sp) forskerlinjeJUS397MAJU
Mapping the Dynamics of Human Behavior in Transport Energy Use: A Systems Thinking Approach
No full textConsidering the extent of the environmental impacts of the transportation sector on the earth systems, a focus on sustainable patterns of human behavior in energy consumption is essential in the context of climate adaptation and mitigation. To explore this issue, current Integrated Assessment Models on climate change use simulation and scenario analyses to evaluate the impacts of energy consumption on climate change on a global scale. These tools, however, only include insights on individual behavior that are based on simplifications and generalizations, and do not serve the purpose of understanding the complex behavioral dynamics that drive personal choices in regard to sustainability challenges. In response to this gap, as part of the Horizon EU WorldTrans project – Transparent Assessments For Real People, this thesis aims to map the drivers of human behavior in energy consumption focusing on the transportation sector. Specifically, it explores which drivers shape behavioural choices in transport, and how these interact through a complex web of feedback processes, as represented in Causal Loop Diagrams.
In this respect, the principal objective of the present research is to explore the interrelationships and non-linear dynamics that define the various dimensions of transportation-related human behaviors.
The primary research findings indicate that sustainable transport behaviour is not driven by isolated factors, but by evolving interrelations among moral, social, and practical motivations, as well as habits, structured dynamically through feedback loops. Furthermore, the thesis highlights the complexity related to the nonlinearity of human behaviour, particularly in the context of discrepancies between values and actions. The discussion of results emphasizes the varying impact of behavioral drivers across different contexts, thereby uncovering new dimensions of complexity associated with pro-environmental behavior. With the objective of providing a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective on the analysis of human behavior in transportation energy consumption, this research can be understood as a starting point for the development of system dynamics simulation models.MasteroppgaveSDG350MAHF-SD
User-Centered Design: Solution or False Sense of Security - A Critical Assessment of User-Centered Design for an Ageing Population
No full textDenne masteroppgaven undersøker hvorvidt en brukersentrert tilnærming er egnet i møte med komplekse samfunnsutfordringer som eldrebølgen, hvor det foreligger et tidssensitivt behov for å designe tilpassede løsninger for å forhindre digital ekskludering av en stor del av befolkningen. Den kvalitative datainnsamlingen med 21 pensjonister viste at deres teknologibruk ofte bygger på innarbeidede rutiner, og at de møter på store utfordringer når de faller ut fra rutinen. Full Kontroll er en prototype utviklet for å støtte pensjonister ved utfordringer knyttet til TV-bruk, med mål om å i høyest mulig grad være tilpasset pensjonistenes behov og forutsetninger, ved hjelp av en brukersentrert tilnærming. I denne oppgaven brukes Full Kontroll-prosjektet som casestudie for en kritisk vurdering av den reelle nytteverdien den brukersentrerte tilnærmingen hadde i prosjektet, samt hvordan tilnærmingen kan tilpasses behovene til en heterogen brukergruppe som eldre.
Oppgaven bygger på perspektiver innen brukersentrert design, brukermedvirkning og deltagende design, med særlig vekt på bidrag fra Don Norman og Tone Bratteteig. I tillegg utforskes forståelsen av ansvar og beslutningsmakt i design, med utgangspunkt i John Deweys beskrivelser av fremskritt og Bratteteigs syn på brukermedvirkning og design som demokratisk prosess. Gjennom oppgaven argumenteres det for at den brukersentrerte tilnærmingen i dag nærmest behandles som «gullstandarden» innen interaksjonsdesign.
Videre advares det mot å bruke en brukersentrert tilnærming tankeløst og ukritisk, da dette kan være problematisk i møte med komplekse samfunnsutfordringer som eldrebølgen.
Oppgaven aktualiserer hvorvidt det er forsvarlig å velge en tilnærming som risikerer ressursbruk på innsikt som praksis ikke tilfører prosjektet reell nytteverdi, samt kan resultere løsninger som ikke er realistiske eller gjennomførbare innenfor samtidens samfunns-strukturer. Oppgaven beskriver også utfordringen ved å skulle vurdere nytteverdien av en brukersentrert tilnærming, ettersom denne først lar seg evaluere i ettertid og avhenger av hvilke kriterier for nytteverdi man legger til grunn. Dette gjør det vanskelig å skulle vurdere hvorvidt en brukersentrert tilnærming er egnet i møte med eldrebølgen. Som svar på utfordringen foreslås en mer reflektert bruk av tilnærmingen, med mål om å maksimere reell nytteverdi. I den forbindelse presenteres tre råd til interaksjonsdesignere om hvordan tilnærmingen kan tilpasses en eldre brukergruppe, som et steg mot en reflektert og ansvarlig designpraksis i møte med eldrebølgen.Masteroppgave i medie- og interaksjonsdesignMIX350MASV-MI
"Jeg fungerer for dårlig til å fungere normalt, og for godt til å være funksjonsnedsatt" : En diskursanalyse av spenningsfeltet mellom normalitet og avvik
No full textBakgrunnen for valg av tema bunner i en nysgjerrighet i å forstå mekanismer som ligger bak forståelsesrammer man bruker i skolesystemet, og som man vanligvis tar for gitt. Skolen skal være for alle elever, og fremme verdier som mangfold og inkludering. Samtidig påpekes det at elever som mottar spesialundervisning står i fare for å bli marginalisert og ekskludert. Denne masteroppgaven representerer et dypdykk i forståelsen av normalitet og avvik i læreplanene fra M74 til LK20. Problemstillingen for oppgaven lyder: Hvilken diskursiv forståelse av normalitet og avvik kan identifiseres i læreplanene fra M74 til LK20?
Vi har utarbeidet to forskningsspørsmål i) Hvordan har maktstrukturer og kunnskapssystemer i samfunnet lagt føringer for læreplandiskursene? og ii) Hvordan forholder læreplanene seg til heterogenitet i elevmassen, med vekt på elever med spesialpedagogiske behov? Diskursanalyse tjener som oppgavens teoretiske og metodiske rammeverk, med filosofen Michel Foucault som brillene vi ser med. Vi har benyttet oss av relevante stortingsmeldinger, NOU-rapporter og annen faglitteratur for å identifisere historiske, kulturelle og samfunnsmessige endringer som har vært sentrale for de ulike læreplanene.
Arbeidet har ført oss til to hovedfunn. For det første ser vi at forståelsesrammer og diskurser tilsynelatende endrer seg i læreplanene fra M74 til LK20, men de samme utstøtelsesstrukturer følger disse læreplanene. For det andre er det et klart skille mellom ordinær undervisning og spesialundervisning, som etter vårt syn bidrar til å markere en forskjell mellom normalelever og spesialelever. Vi ser en utvikling fra L97 der spesialundervisning blir mer eller mindre overskygget av prinsipper som tilpasset opplæring, inkludering og mangfold. I tillegg legger myndighetene mindre føringer for den spesialpedagogiske praksis, som kan bidra til vilkårlighet med hensyn til hvilke elever som mottar spesialundervisning.
Ved bruk av diskursanalyse med inspirasjon fra Foucault har vi fått en annen måte å se verden på. Det har gitt oss et kritisk blikk og en dypere forståelse av marginaliserende prosesser styringsdokumenter kan ha i skolen.The background for the choice of topic stems from a curiosity to understand the mechanisms behind the frameworks of understanding we usually relate to in the school system. The school is meant to serve all students and promote values such as diversity and inclusion. At the same time, it is pointed out that students receiving special education are at risk of being marginalized and excluded. This master’s thesis represents a deep dive into the understanding of normality and deviance in the national curricula from M74 to LK20. The research question for the thesis is: What discursive understanding of normality and deviance can be identified in the national curricula from M74 to LK20?
We have developed two research questions: i) How have power structures and systems of knowledge in society influenced the curriculum discourses? and ii) How do the curricula relate to heterogeneity in the student population, with emphasis on students with special educational needs? Discourse analysis serves as the theoretical and methodological framework for the thesis, with the philosopher Michel Foucault as the lens we view the material through. We have made use of relevant white papers and Norwegian Official Reports (NOU), as well as other academic literature, to identify historical, cultural, and societal changes that have been central to the various curricula.
The work has led us to two main findings. First, we see that frameworks of understanding and discourses change in the curricula from M74 to LK20, but the same structures of exclusion follow. Second, there is a clear divide between regular education and special education, which in our view contributes to marking a difference between “normal pupils” and “special-needs pupils”. We observe a development from L97 where special education is more or less overshadowed by principles such as adapted education, inclusion, and diversity. The authorities impose fewer guidelines on special education practices, which may contribute to arbitrariness regarding which students receive special education.
By using discourse analysis inspired by Foucault, we have gained a new way of understanding the world. It has given us a critical perspective and a deeper understanding of the marginalizing processes that governing documents can have in schools.Masteroppgave i spesialpedagogikkSPED395MAPS-SPEDMAPS-PE
The use of and satisfaction with health and care services for children and adolescents with a history of maltreatment
No full textBackground: Childhood maltreatment is associated with long-term adverse health outcomes and impairment across important areas of daily functioning. Many affected individuals will need life-long use of health and care services.
Objective: To examine the use of and satisfaction with health and care services in a sample of Norwegian children and adolescents (ages 5–18 years) with a history of maltreatment.
Participants and setting: This study relied on caregiver-reported data for 457 children and adolescents (ages 5–18 years) who attended the Stine Sofie Center, which offers play and learning in a safe environment following child maltreatment.
Methods: Pearson Chi-squared tests and one-way ANOVAs were used to analyze contact with services, satisfaction with each service, and service coordination within the past year.
Findings: Caregivers reported moderate satisfaction with the services, averaging 6.2 out of 10 (SD = 3.2), with notably lower satisfaction for service coordination (4.7, SD = 3.2). Low satisfaction (≤3 out of 10) was associated with a lower mean number of appointments (8.4 vs. 12.4, p = .002) within the past year. Only 53 % of caregivers reported that their child received help according to their needs. Not receiving the needed help was associated with lower satisfaction with service coordination (2.86 vs. 6.35, p < .001).
Conclusion: Children and adolescents who have experienced maltreatment extensively engage with multiple health and care services. The perceived low satisfaction with the coordination of services highlights a need for improvement to ensure that victims of maltreatment receive the necessary support to prevent the development of more extensive difficulties later in life.publishedVersio
Paternal Cardiometabolic Conditions and Perinatal Mortality
No full textBackground: Studies have suggested that men with cardiometabolic conditions may have an increased risk of offspring perinatal mortality. However, this association remains underexplored.
Objectives: We aimed to study the association between fathers' cardiometabolic conditions and offspring perinatal mortality utilising linked data from national health registries in Norway.
Methods: In this population-based cohort study, males registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), born 1967–2005, were linked to their singleton offsprings born 2004–2020. The Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Prescription Database were used to define study exposures: history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, severe obesity or any of these at any time before/during the year of childbirth while fathers having no such conditions were the reference group. Perinatal mortality was defined as foetal death from 16 weeks' gestation or neonatal deaths within the first month after birth (from the MBRN). We fitted multilevel random-intercept Poisson regression models to account for the clustering of infants born to the same father. We reported incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence Intervals (CI).
Results: Of 703,746 infants, 3.6% (n = 25,314) were born to fathers with any condition. Overall, 4827 (0.7%) of them died perinatally. In fully adjusted models, infants of fathers with hypertension had a 29% higher risk of dying perinatally (IRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05, 1.57) relative to those of fathers without cardiometabolic conditions. Effect estimates for paternal diabetes, severe obesity and any condition also indicated a possible increased perinatal mortality associated with these conditions. In the sex-stratified analysis, the associations were stronger in male offspring (IRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06, 1.58) than female offspring (IRR 1.01, 95% CI 0.78, 1.29).
Conclusions: The increased perinatal mortality in offspring to fathers with cardiometabolic conditions emphasises fathers' biological role in foetal and placental programming and development. Whether offspring sex impacts these associations needs further investigation.publishedVersio