39449 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring experiences and perceptions of medical overuse among migrant health professionals in Norway: A qualitative study
Full text linkMedical overuse is an issue gaining increasing attention by governments, health sectors, and researchers globally. It is known to occur in countries of varying economic standings and in all domains of medicine. Management of overuse varies between healthcare settings and systems, which affects how it is perceived by health professionals who have studied or practiced in these contexts. When migrant health professionals move to Norway, they undergo acculturation – a process in which migrants adjust to a new culture. No studies have addressed perceptions of overuse early in the acculturation process and contextual differences in health systems between the home country and host country of migrant health professionals have largely been ignored.
This thesis explores the subjective experiences and perceptions regarding medical overuse of migrant health professionals after migrating to Norway and considers the relevance of overuse for migrants looking to work in the Norwegian healthcare system.
We conducted a qualitative study with thematic analysis of group discussions and semi-structured interviews with migrant health professionals who were awaiting authorization to work in their respective health-related fields in Norway. A total of 13 individuals participated in the group discussions. Of these, 7 participated in a semi-structured individual interview in the following months.
Prior to this study, the participants had not heard of medical overuse. After being introduced to the concept, they were gradually able to describe experiences of overuse from their home country. Despite complimenting the Norwegian health system for some of its regulations that reduce overuse, the participants struggled with reconciling this perspective with their negative experiences utilizing health services in Norway. The migrant health professionals considered medical overuse to be more problematic in their home country compared to Norway, had negative experiences with Norwegian healthcare, and were confident in their education and professional skills.
Familiarity with general practitioners in the two-tiered healthcare system was linked to a more positive perception of the Norwegian health system. As several of the participants had worked in a privileged part of their own society before migrating to Norway, we hypothesize that they may have experienced less exposure to some of the negative aspects of inequitable health systems with underdeveloped universal health care, and that this may have further influenced their perspectives on overuse. Acculturative stress and adjustment to the Norwegian healthcare system is intertwined with the participants’ evolving perceptions of overuse. Addressing medical overuse and integrating migrant health professionals requires greater understanding and consideration of the contextual factors of migration.M.Phil. in Global Health - ThesisINTH395AMAMD-GLO
Skipsfart i Arktis: Polarkodens betydning for kyststatens miljøregulering
Full text linkMasteroppgaveJUS399MAJURMAJUR-
Subjects of injustice: Inequity, misframing and human rights violations in a Tanzanian REDD+ pilot project
Full text linkForest carbon offsetting schemes, including Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+), have attracted criticism from the outset, for building upon former colonial international relations to justify continued fossil fuel emissions and industrialized profit. Typically, implementation contexts in tropical forests feature entrenched inequities of power, wealth and social status. Worryingly, numerous implemented REDD+ projects have adversely impacted marginalized local communities. Impacts include contestation over rights and benefits, violence, and human rights abuses. This manuscript mobilizes misframing as an environmental justice lens to understand a failed REDD+ project in Western Tanzania, with contested land tenure status, boundary conflict and forced evictions. Empirical analysis draws upon 72 individual and 5 group stakeholder interviews, extensive document analysis, and eight months of ethnographic fieldwork, including extensive participant observation, during 2014–2022. Using an interactionist social science approach, we elucidate perspectives of marginalized groups and project practitioners’ justifications for their treatment. We show how misframing works through this REDD+ intervention, shifting the burdens of global climate concerns while injustices and inequities are socially reproduced. To safeguard against misframing and these attendant risks, we argue for mandatory attention to human rights protections in REDD+ projects, and for forest governance to explicitly address marginalized groups’ justice concerns.publishedVersio
Opp på mobilen - Opp med psykisk helsekompetanse og hjelpesøkingsatferd blant ungdommer i Norge
Full text linkDenne studien har undersøkt hjelpesøkingsatferd og bruk av appen Opp hos ungdommer i Norge. Formålet var å finne ut om appen kan nå ut til en del av ungdomsgruppen som vanligvis ikke oppsøker hjelp for sine psykiske plager. Vi hypotetiserte at det å være jente, økt alder og norsk morsmål predikerte mer hjelpesøkingsatferd, og ønsket å se om de samme variablene hadde betydning for bruk av Opp. Ungdommer mellom 13-20 år ble rekruttert til å delta i studien som inkluderte besvarelse av to spørreskjemaer (T1 og T2) med tidsintervall på fem uker. Denne studien tar for seg intervensjonsgruppen som bestod av 231 respondenter. Våre hypoteser om kjønn og alder sin betydning for hjelpesøkingsatferd ble bekreftet. Emosjonelle symptomer hadde også positiv sammenheng med hjelpesøkingsatferd. Disse variablene forklarte 21% av variansen i hjelpesøkingsatferd. På grunn av få respondenter ble ikke-norsk morsmål ekskludert fra analysene. Mindre hyper-aktivitetsproblemer, mer venneproblemer, mer prososial atferd og mer hjelpesøkingsatferd predikerte mer bruk av Opp. Disse variablene forklarte 11% av variansen. Kjønn og alder hadde ikke betydning for app-bruk. Resultatene våre tyder på at Opp kan nå en del av ungdomsgruppen som tidligere ikke har oppsøkt hjelp for sine plager og muligens fungere som et helsefremmende tiltak. Det trengs mer forskning for å fastslå hva som gjør Opp til et nyttig verktøy og hvordan vi kan øke bruken av appen blant ungdom.Hovedoppgave psykologprogrammetPROPSY317PRPSY
A Multi-Level Framework for Cardiovascular Digital Twins: A Lifestyle-cenrtric Approach
Full text linkThis thesis explores the development of lifestyle-centric digital twins in
cardiovascular care by introducing a multi-level framework designed to integrate
behavioral and self-reported health data into virtual patient models. While digital
twins are increasingly used to simulate physiological systems and predict clinical
outcomes, current models often neglect the lifestyle factors that account for a
substantial proportion of modifiable cardiovascular risk.
The study addresses this gap by proposing three archetypes of digital twins:
basic, intermediate, and advanced. Each is defined by the depth and complexity
of data incorporated. Two case studies actualize the basic archetype of this
framework. Case 1 explores the archetype based on the Quality of Life Survey
2023, and Case 2 refines the archetype by leveraging clinical and behavioral data
from the All of Us Research Program.
A combination of exploratory data analysis, dimensionality reduction,
clustering, and INTERHEART-based risk scoring was used to analyze and segment
patient profiles. Key results demonstrate how integrating lifestyle factors, such as
BMI, sleep, smoking, and physical activity, into digital twin models, facilitates
both individual risk profiling and supports personalized health recommendations.
The public’s attitude toward digital twins was also investigated through a survey,
revealing both support and concern regarding data use and personalization.
The main contribution of this thesis lies in its structured framework for
lifestyle-based digital twin development and in demonstrating how such models
can translate population health data into personalized, actionable insights. This
work opens new directions for preventive heart care, encouraging the alignment of
digital health technologies with user-centered design and behavioral science.Masteroppgave i informasjonsvitenskapINFO390MASV-INF
Fault Zone Characterization and Monitoring of CO2 Storage using Full Waveform Inversion
Full text linkCO2 storage in geological formations is essential to limit global warming and reduce the effects of climate change. In order to store CO2 safely and prevent leakage, proper sealing mechanisms are required. Faults are complex zones of damaged material and play an important role in managing fluid migration. In particular, they can act as sealing barriers or migration pathways. Therefore, storage of CO2 near fault zones requires accurate and careful seismic monitoring. Seismic monitoring can be done using imaging or full waveform inversion (FWI). The latter should in principle be more accurate but is more computationally expensive. In this study, imaging and full waveform inversion, using the ray-Born approximation for the forward modeling, are used to study characterization of fault zones and CO2 saturation in and near faults. For this purpose, various fault zone models with and without CO2 are created. The results show that full waveform inversion is superior to imaging for determination of fault zone structure. Furthermore, the full waveform inversion also estimates the velocity changes due to CO2 saturation more accurately than imaging. These synthetic results suggests that full waveform inversion should be used on real data, rather than imaging, when estimating fault zone structure and the effects of CO2 storage.Masteroppgave i geovitenskapGEOV399MAMN-GEO
Settled and Precarious Migrants: The Significance of Immigration Status when Applying Article 8 of the ECHR
No full textOppgaven handler om hvilken betydning migranters oppholdsstatus har for vurderingen av retten til respekt for privatliv og familieliv etter EMK artikkel 8. EMD har anerkjent at såkalte etablerte migranter nyter et særskilt vern etter bestemmelsen, men kriteriene for å oppnå status som etablert migrant og virkningene av slik status er uklare og omtvistede.
Gjennom en sammenlignende analyse av en rekke avgjørelser fra EMD undersøkes hva som skal til for å anses som etablert migrant, og hvilket vern etablerte migranter har etter EMK artikkel 8 sammenliknet med andre migranter. Oppgaven undersøker i hvilken grad migranters oppholdstid og type oppholdstillatelse spiller inn på statusvurderingen, og hvordan migranters status påvirker inngreps- og forholdsmessighetsvurderingen etter EMK artikkel 8.
Undersøkelsen viser at formelt oppholdsgrunnlag er en nødvendig, men ikke tilstrekkelig forutsetning for å få status som etablert migrant. Utlendinger med permanent oppholdstillatelse vil som hovedregel ha status som etablert migrant, forutsatt at de har en viss faktisk botid i vertslandet. For utlendinger med midlertidig oppholdstillatelse kreves det at tillatelsen har blitt fornyet kontinuerlig over en viss tid, og det må påvises en reell tilknytning til vertslandet.
Gjennomgangen illustrerer at EMD foretar en vesentlig differensiering i sin metodiske innfallsvinkel og beskyttelsesnivået etter artikkel 8 basert på migranters oppholdsstatus. Likevel har migranter uten etablert-status et visst privatlivs- og familielivsvern etter EMK artikkel 8, gjennom EMDs vurdering av rettferdig balanse og statens positive forpliktelser etter bestemmelsen.MasteroppgaveJUS399MAJUR-2MAJU
Biodistribution of Therapeutic Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Larvae
Full text linkMasteroppgave i nanovitenskapNANO399MAMN-NAN
Understanding Behavior in Pregnancy: The Influence of Social Media on Protection Motivation
Full text linkKun et fåtall studier har undersøkt hvordan sosiale medier påvirker gravides etterlevelse av offisielle helseråd, sett i lys av beskyttelsesmotivasjonsteori (PMT). Denne studien hadde derfor som mål å utforske hvordan negativ påvirkning fra sosiale medier påvirker gravides oppfatning av alvorlighetsgrad, sårbarhet, mestringstro, responseffekt og intensjon om å følge anbefalt helseatferd under graviditeten. For å belyse hvordan sosiale medier påvirker atferd ble også sosialkognitiv teori (SCT) benyttet som et supplerende teoretisk rammeverk. Datainnsamlingen ble gjennomført via en anonym nettbasert spørreundersøkelse, besvart av 516 gravide kvinner i Norge. Dataene ble analysert ved hjelp av confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) og structural equation modeling (SEM) i Jamovi (versjon 2.5.2.0). Resultatene viste at negativ påvirkning fra sosiale medier var assosiert med økt opplevd alvorlighetsgrad og sårbarhet, samt redusert mestringstro. Det ble ikke funnet noen signifikant sammenheng mellom negativ påvirkning og opplevd responseffekt. Både sårbarhet og mestringstro hadde en positiv assosiasjon med intensjon om å følge retningslinjene. I tillegg predikerte responseffekt økt mestringstro, mens opplevd alvorlighetsgrad predikerte høyere opplevelse av sårbarhet. Selv om det ikke ble testet om responseffekt og alvorlighetsgrad hadde en direkte effekt på intensjon, viste analysene indirekte effekter via deres påvirkning på mestringstro og sårbarhet. Funnene viser at negativ affekt knyttet til sosiale medier både kan øke og redusere intensjonen om å følge helseråd under graviditeten. Likevel svekkes funnenes validitet og generaliserbarhet av enkelte metodiske begrensninger. Det er derfor behov for videre forskning for å ytterligere undersøke mekanismene mellom sosiale medier og helseatferd blant gravide kvinner.Few studies have investigated the effect of social media on pregnant women’s compliance to pregnancy guidelines through the lens of key constructs outlined in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). This study investigated how negative influence from social media influence pregnant women’s perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, response efficacy and intentions to follow pregnancy guidelines. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) was also used to contextualize the role of social media in shaping behavior. Data were collected through an anonymous online survey completed by 516 pregnant women in Norway. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted using Jamovi (version 2.5.2.0). Results showed that negative social media influence was associated with higher perceived severity and perceived vulnerability, and lower self-efficacy. No significant association was found between negative social media influence and response efficacy. Perceived vulnerability and self-efficacy were both positively related to intention to follow pregnancy guidelines. In addition, response efficacy predicted self-efficacy, and severity predicted vulnerability. While response efficacy and perceived severity did not directly influence intention, they were indirectly associated through their effects on self-efficacy and perceived vulnerability. Thus, the findings indicate that negative affect elicited by social media can both negatively and positively influence intention to follow pregnancy guidelines. However, some methodological limitations weaken the validity and generalizability of the findings. More research is needed to further test the mechanisms between social media and behavior in pregnant women.Masteroppgave i psykologiMAPSYK360INTL-KMDMAPS-PSYKINTL-MEDINTL-MNINTL-HFINTL-PSYKINTL-SVINTL-JU
Man on the Move: The Effect of the 1969 Norwegian Education Reform on Migration to Rural Municipalities
Full text linkThis master’s thesis examines the impact of the 1969 Norwegian education reform—which extended compulsory schooling from seven to nine years—on internal migration patterns in rural municipalities. Using a two-way fixed effects difference-in-differences (DiD) approach that exploits the staggered implementation of the reform across municipalities, the analysis finds that in-migration to rural areas increased in municipalities that had adopted the reform compared to those that had not yet implemented it. These findings are reinforced by results from the Callaway and Sant’Anna estimator, which accounts for treatment effect heterogeneity. The thesis contributes to the understanding of how educational policy can influence migration behavior and offers relevant perspectives in ongoing debates about rural depopulation and the effects of centralization.MasteroppgaveECON391MASV-SØKPROF-SØ