University of Minnesota, Duluth
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Study on Antibacterial Effects of Extracts from Pinus massoniana Lamb. Needles
No full text[Objectives] To study the antibacterial effects of extracts from Pinus massoniana Lamb. needles. [Methods] In this experiment, the components from Pinus massoniana Lamb. needles were extracted by systematic solvent extraction method, and the antibacterial activity against four common bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus flavus and the antibacterial active component were examined for by punch method. [Results] Different solvent extraction rate was different, the rates of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water extracts were 4.2%, 16.7%, 17.4%, 21.1%, 40.6%. All extracts showed inhibitory effect against test bacteria. It was observed that the inhibition of G+ was stronger than G-, and the extracts had the best antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus while the weakest to Aspergillus flavus. The antibacterial activity of the components decreased in the order: ethyl acetate extract > n-butanol extract > chloroform extract > petroleum ether extract > aqueous phase. The extracts were stable under ultraviolet radiation (UV) light and long term storage. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was weaker with the increase of pH value when the pH value ≤ 8. [Conclusions] It is inferred that the antibacterial components in the extract of Pinus massoniana needles are widely distributed, and the components with medium polarity or above are the main antibacterial components
Construction and Practice of Transformation System of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Agriculture：A Case Study of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
No full textAccelerating the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is a key link in implementing innovation-driven development strategy and rural revitalization strategy, and improving development quality and core competitiveness. How to build a scientific and systematic transformation system of scientific and technological achievements and improve the overall management level of scientific and technological achievements transformation of agricultural scientific research institutes is one of the key tasks to measure how a scientific research institute supports industry and serves society. Taking the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example, this paper explores the construction and practice of its scientific and technological achievements transformation system since the 13th Five-Year Plan period. By arranging the current situation of resource elements for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, analyzing the progress of the construction of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system, summarizing the practical results of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system, this paper puts forward 10 strategies and measures (implementing key projects for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements; striving to promote the transformation and application of on-duty scientific and technological achievements; accelerating the development and utilization of advantageous and characteristic resources; strengthening the use and protection of intellectual property rights; actively expanding cooperation activities between government, industry and research; increasing special financial support for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements; innovating state-owned asset management to accelerate scientific and technological development; piloting equity incentives to expand scientific and technological development channels to increase income; striving to create a relaxed environment for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, effectively create scientific and technological value, enhance the development strength of the institute, and promote high-quality industrial development) in order to provide a useful reference for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural research institutes
Isolation and Identification of Potassium Releasing Bacteria from Sugarcane Rhizosphere Soil and Optimization of Fermentation Condition
No full text[Objectives]To isolate and optimize the potassium releasing bacteria from sugarcane rhizosphere soil in Baitu Town, Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, and then evaluate their potassium-releasing ability, and optimize the fermentation conditions of the strains with the best potassium-releasing ability, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development and production of potassium releasing bacteria fertilizer. [Methods] Potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil using potassium-feldspar powder as the potassium source of isolation medium by dilution coating method and plate streaking method. The isolated strains were identified by 16s rRNA sequence analysis. The potassium-releasing ability of each strain was determined by sodium tetraphenylborate (STPB) method, and the strain GK-37 with the optimal potassium-releasing ability was selected. The fermentation conditions of GK-37 strain were further optimized, and the effects of different carbon sources on its growth were mainly investigated. [Results] Seven strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and purified, and identified by 16s rRNA. They belonged to Pseudomonas knackmussii, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas insulaes and Caballeronia zhejiangensis. Among the tested strains, strain GK-37 had the best potassium-releasing ability, and its potassium-releasing capacity was 26.99 mg/L. By optimizing the fermentation conditions of GK-37 strain, it was found that when the fermentation medium was sucrose as carbon source, the growth of the strain was the best. [Conclusions] In this study, the potassium releasing bacteria were successfully isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of sugarcane, and the strain GK-37 had high potassium-releasing ability. Through the optimization of fermentation conditions of GK-37 strain, sucrose was determined as the optimal carbon source. This study is expected to provide a valuable reference for the further development and production of potassium releasing bacteria fertilizer
The Milk Supply of Boston and Other New England Cities
No full textContents: Population --- Milk Supply: Transportation, Distribution, Statistics – Boston (Cars – Cans – Historical – Wholesale Methods – The Wholesalers or Contractors – Statistics – Milk Producers' Union – Prices Paid, Several Years – Grading the Price – Contractors' Surplus – Retailing – Returning Clean Cans – Methods of Producers and Shippers – Boston System Summed Up – Other Milk Supply) – Providence – Other Cities --- The Cream Trade --- Skim Milk --- Condensed Milk --- Milk Consumption Per Capita --- Milk Laws and Inspection (Legal Standard and Adulteration – Official Inspection – Sanitary Laws and Inspection – Health Orders) --- Quality of Milk Sold --- Need of Advanced Practices
Determinants of Land Rent and Food Security in Malawi: A Partial Spatial Panel Approach
No full textAgricultural land remains a key agricultural production factor, crucial for attaining food security. Nonetheless, different assessments reveal persistent hunger levels across space and time in Malawi, despite access to and ownership of land among rural farming households. This study used the Integrated Household Panel Survey balanced dataset for 2016 to 2019 and sampled 1,147 rural maize farmers to determine agricultural land rent factors and its effect on food security. The study employed a Spatial Durbin model (SDM) and Spatial Auto Regressive model (SAR) to determine agricultural land rent factors and food consumption score in a spatial framework, respectively. The study further estimated Multivariate Probit (MVP) and Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) to account for unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity and self-selection. Empirical findings revealed spatial dependence in land rent and food security. Renting-in and renting-out land was spatially clustered in the central and southern region; while self-owned land clustered in the northern region. Renting-in land directly increased food consumption score by 28.61% in the same location and 11.03% in neighboring locations in panel assessment. Notably, self-owned land associated with low food consumption score by -32.8% in the same location and -12.5% in neighboring locations. Southern region had the lowest food consumption score, followed by central region, then northern region. The findings propose for regional specific interventions that address specific regional food security vulnerabilities
Perfiles de los consumidores de vino en la ruta del queso y vino de Querétaro, México
No full textWine consumption in Mexico has constantly increased over the years, with a growing interest in wine among the population. Particularly during the last decade, the wine tourism routes have positioned themselves as spaces that have the purpose of attracting a significant number of oenological tourists interested in exploring the unique cultural, naturalistic and gastronomic aspects of these regions. Around this activity, it is possible to know a set of consumption preferences by its visitors, which allows identifying the most important criteria regarding the choice of a wine. This article had as its objective generating a characterization of wine consumers, taking as a reference the route of art cheese and wine from Queretaro (Mexico). The methodology followed during the research consisted of the application of 379 surveys to winemakers. Among the themes addressed, he was interested in knowing about the general habits of wine consumption, such as frequency and reasons of consumption, and election reasons for wine. To contrast this information, some socio-demographic questions were included in the interview: age, origin and place of birth, monthly income, scholarship, average expenditure during the visit, among others. Among the most relevant findings, it is that much of the consumers who attend this wine tourist route do not have sufficient experience or knowledge to identify key elements that distinguish the quality of wine, that their consumption is associated with recreational purposes, and that among the key factors that determine the choice of this product are the cost and recommendation of other people with whom there is a relationship of trust. Based on these results, the study reveals that understanding the specific characteristics and preferences of winemakers who visit these routes could help tour operators to develop specific marketing strategies and improve the general experience of wine tourism
Suggested Project Design, Mauritanian Component of the OMVS Regional Grain Stabilization Project
No full textThe Mauritanian component of U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) assistance to the OMVS (Organization for Development of the Senegal River Valley) Regional Grain Stabilization Project is authorized under Non-Capital Project Paper, Project No. 625-11-150-500, April 2, 1972, and revised March 1972. The long-run objective of this project is to involve the countries of Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal (members of the OMVS) in a regional program to manage cereal grain supplies. The project authorizes technical assistance and other funding inputs for an initial effort (FY 72-FY 75) to develop relevant and complementary domestic cereal grain supply management programs in each OMVS member country as a basis for initiating effective regional cooperation
Data-Driven Optimisation of Irrigation Dose Using Machine-Learning Ensembles for Sustainable European Agriculture
No full textThis study focuses on predicting irrigation doses using digital technologies and statistical modelling to enhance water resource management in agriculture. Conducted as part of the CODECS project in the semi-arid Nitra region of Slovakia, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various irrigation systems and to develop predictive models for optimal irrigation doses. The methodology integrates environmental sensor data, agronomic models, and machine learning techniques, utilizing IoT sensors alongside Valley and Irriga control software. A significant challenge was the incompatibility of heterogeneous data from different sources, leading to the creation of a unified method-ology for data collection, validation, and analysis. Analytical tools, such as ex-ploratory data analysis, correlation techniques, and regression models, were employed to identify key factors affecting irrigation efficiency, including precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, and energy consumption. The findings aim to inform sustainable irrigation strategies that reduce water usage, enhance crop productivity, and safeguard soil resources under changing climatic con-ditions
Small Catchment Hydrology for India
No full textReport Introduction: The Government of India (GOI) has indicated a need to improve and broaden its hydrologic processes for small catchments and improve hydrologic criteria in order to support adequately the progress being made in agricultural development programs. Refined hydrologic processes applicable to all of India should result in reduced costs along with better performance of conservation measures essential to India's erosion and water control programs. Improved hydrologic criteria is needed for (1) the design of water harvesting programs and facilities for improved efficiency in water utilization, and (2) refining water balance studies and the overall inventory of surface and ground water resources for agricultural use. Accepted and approved hydrologic procedures for all of India need to be available to government officials down through the district level, and to others who are vitally concerned with and responsible for (1) the improvement and economic design of tanks for domestic use and irrigation, (2) the determination of the rate and volume of excess water removal needed to de sign drainage systems for a more economic level of protection, (3) the establishment of effective and least costly erosion control and water management practices and (4) the planning of structural systems that are economically justified for protection from flood and sediment damages in small catchments