University of Minnesota, Duluth
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Nutritional and sensory implications of pig tripe as ingredient in fresh pork sausage production
No full textThis experiment was conducted to study the possibility of using pig tripe for producing fresh pork sausages. Three types of sausages, each weighing 2 kg, were produced using pig tripe or without pig tripe. A consumer panel used a 9-point hedonic scale to assess the sensory characteristics of sausages. All the sensory characteristics evaluated showed no significant (p>0.05) differences across treatments. The contents of fat significantly reduced (p<0.05) when pig tripe was increased in formulating the sausages (T1=36.32%, T2=33.14% and T3=29.90%) and protein contents ranged from 27.55% (T1) to 22.90 (T3). Increasing levels of pig tripe resulted in the reduction of protein contents, but protein in T1 was not different from T2. The observed differences in ash and moisture composition of fried sausages were not significantly different. These findings suggest that pig tripe is a viable offal in the production of fresh pork sausage. It was concluded that 34% pig tripe could be used as an ingredient in producing fresh pork sausages without compromising sensory attributes and protein contents, but with reduced fat contents
Towards the knowledge and innovation system for the bioeconomy?
No full textThe bioeconomy is a growing sector in both high- and low-income countries, closely linked to innovation. However, knowledge creation and innovation flows remain underexplored due to their complexity. This study aims to introduce the Knowledge and Innovation System for the Bioeconomy (KISB) to analyze sector dynamics. A systematic literature review examined its application, revealing the need for both technology- and collaboration-focused approaches. Key findings emphasize the importance of multi-actor and multidisciplinary strategies, with recent research prioritizing collaboration over innovation. Ethical and market challenges were noted in commercialization. Additionally, the concept of microKISB, operating at an organizational level, offers potential in business and policy research. Ultimately, KISB and microKISB serve as tools for policymakers, businesses, and researchers to drive bioeconomy advancements
Digital technology adoption among italian farmers: An extended technology acceptance model approach in the horticultural sector
No full textThe adoption of digital technologies in agriculture is essential for enhancing sustainability, productivity, and resource efficiency. This study investigates the factors influencing Italian horticultural farmers’ adoption of innovative water-smart agricultural technologies using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM3). The research employs a structured survey conducted with 251 Italian farmers, analysing their perceptions of technology usefulness, ease of use, social norms, and sustainability outcomes. Structural equation modelling (SEM) confirms that perceived usefulness significantly influences adoption intentions, while perceived ease of use plays a limited role. Social norms and sustainability-related benefits also emerge as critical determinants. Results also indicate the impact of farm size and workforce on adoption behaviour. These findings highlight the need for targeted policies, training programs, and financial incentives to overcome adoption barriers. The study provides insights for policymakers, technology developers, and agricultural stakeholders to foster digital innovation in the horticultural sector, contributing to sustainable water management practices
High Protein Rice Flours
No full textThe production of high protein rice flours provides the rice industry with an opportunity for increasing the utilization of rice, introducing a new rice product that will create additional markets for rice, and establishing a greater potential for improved profits
Aquaculture and the American Food Supply
No full textContents: Foreword (Richard A. Farley) --- Aquaculture Outlook (John N. Green) --- Preservation of Aquacultural Products (F. W. Wheaton and T. B. Lawson) --- Carp—A Nutritional Food Source (Bela Szepesi) --- Chemicals Used in Aquaculture (A. Jim Chacko) --- An Overview of the Catfish Farming Industry (J. Scott Miller, Fred Heindl, D. Andrew Dixon, Jr., J. Richard Conner, & John E. Waldrop, Jr.) --- Selected List of Publications Relating to Aquaculture and the American Food Supply (Charles Bebee) --- New Acquisitions (Beth Whiting)
Costs and Sources of Farm-Mortgage Loans in the United States
No full textContents: Costs for Interest and Commission --- Sources of Capital for Farm-Mortgage Loans --- Factors Which Influence the Terms on Farm-Mortgage Loans --- The Need for Improved Facilities --- Desirability of State and Federal Legislation --- Conclusion
Evaluación de tres raciones alimenticias en la producción familiar de patos Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos)
No full textThe production of duck meat is of great importance in addressing food security challenges, especially when obtaining quality proteins is difficult. Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) provide a valuable source of protein and nutrients, and their ability to adapt to environmental conditions is less demanding than other birds, making them a significant resource for food production. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the body development of ducks fed with three types of rations, and determine which of them yields the best results in terms of body weight gain, economic profitability, and market acceptance, within a family production system. Ninety-six ducks were used, and four feeding treatments were applied: i) T1 (B70-M30) balanced 70%, corn and passion fruit 30%; ii) T2 (B50-C50) balanced 50%, corn and alfalfa 50%; iii) T3 (B/M30- A/W20) balanced 30%, corn 30%, oats 20%, wheat 20%; and, iv) T0 (M100) 100% corn. The main results revealed that treatment T3 (B/M30- A/W20) showed the most efficient feed conversion (4.35) and also achieved adequate carcass performance, indicating a more effective use of food resources in their nutrition. Additionally, this treatment stood out in the economic analysis of cost-benefit (1.86), demonstrating a significant difference compared to other treatments, indicating it would yield higher profits. On the other hand, market acceptance of the product found that consumers prefer slaughtered duck as it is the healthier option for them compared to smoked duck, for example. This suggests that the food combination in T3 (B/M30- A/W20) would be the most suitable option for raising ducks in a family production system, as it would lead to greater development and economic benefit
Impact of Rural Out-Migration on Crop Productivity of Migrant-Sending Rural Households in Oromia Region of Ethiopia
No full textThis study quantified the impact of rural out-migration on crop productivity using the multinomial endogenous switching model as an analytical model in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data were gathered from a random sample of 384 rural households. The descriptive analysis revealed that the rate of rural-rural migration in Ethiopia decreased from 55.8 to 24.6% while the rate of rural-urban migration increased from 28.7 to 33.8 % between 1984 and 2021. The proportion of migrants in the total urban population increased from 17.2 to 49.2% in the Oromia region between 1999 and 2021. The regression results found that land size, use of irrigation, tropical livestock unit, dependency ratio, and education level of household head decrease the likelihood of participating in migration, whereas family size, number of plots, being female-headed households, and age of household head increase the probability of participating in migration. The participation in rural-urban and international migration increases the productivity of wheat producers by 341.28 and 707.21kilograms, respectively. Similarly, the participation in rural-urban and international migration increases the productivity of teff producers by 502.05 and 257.04 kilograms, respectively. This finding also supports the credit and risk hypotheses of the new economics labour migration theory. Enhancing access to finance or credit markets, agricultural land, and enhanced technology for youth in migrant-sending rural communities can leverage the gains from rural out-migration. Provision of pre-migration training, rural non-farm employment, awareness creation, promotion of safe migration, and better rural public services would capitalize the net benefit from out-migration
FALL 2025 FARM INCOME OUTLOOK FOR NORTH DAKOTA
No full textIn September 2025, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Economic Research Service (ERS) released state-level farm income estimates through calendar year 2024 and national farm income projections for calendar year 2025. The present report published by the Rural and Farm Finance Policy Analysis Center (RaFF) and the Center of Agricultural Policy and Trade Studies (CAPTS) at North Dakota State University (NDSU) provides an updated outlook for North Dakota farm income in calendar years 2025 and 2026. It intends to inform policymakers, industry analysts, and agricultural practitioners about the state agricultural sector’s expected profitability and its main drivers
Wading Through Murky Waters: A Case Study of Regulatory Ineffectiveness in Sri Lanka’s Import Tax Exemption Schemes
No full textThe predictability, efficiency and openness of regulatory procedures are critical to enhance their effectiveness. In the absence of these features, procedures will fail to generate expected outcomes. Such opaque processes are also prone to abuse. This policy brief highlights and examines this problem by analysing the mechanisms that currently govern import tax exemption schemes for selected product categories