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Balancing India and China: A Case Study of Sri Lanka
No full textSri Lanka’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean has placed it at the centre of intensifying geopolitical competition and rivalry between China and India. This report examines Sri Lanka’s experience in balancing its own priorities and needs with the competing interests and concerns of India and China through the lens of project financing. It provides a data-driven understanding of the opportunities, challenges, and pitfalls that countries like Sri Lanka face by analysing the grants, loans, and investments made by China and India from 2000 to 2023. Drawing from these findings, the report also sheds light on safeguards countries like Sri Lanka can adopt to overcome the challenges and mitigate risks. The experience of Sri Lanka provides valuable insights and lessons for countries navigating similar dynamics that strive to manage strategic competition and rivalry between global and regional powers with their own development needs and priorities
Imbalance between Brazilian supply and demand for fish in 2002/2003 and 2008/2009
No full textNational fish production increased by 250,540 tons between 2003 and 2009, while the gross trade deficit for fish increased by 285,480 tons. However, no increase in gross household consumption of fish was observed during the same period. This study proposes an analytical method based on the balance between aggregate supply and demand for fish in the periods 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 to verify the coherence between the growth in supply and the destination of fish (domestic and out-of-home consumption). Calculations indicate that while official data show an apparent per capita consumption growth of 2 kg/person/year, corrected data show a more modest growth (around 0.6 kg/person/year) between 2002-2003 and 2008-2009
Effective operational cost of soybean production in a no-till system.
No full textDue to the great importance of soybeans to Brazilian agriculture and the increased interest of producers in cultivating them using the no-till system, this study aimed to verify the effective operational cost of soybean production in this system. The scope of the study refers to a farm located in the municipality of São Gabriel do Oeste, Mato Grosso do Sul, for the 2009/2010 growing season. The methodology used was for estimating the effective operational cost (EOC), which constitutes the sum of the costs of labor, machinery, equipment, and inputs. According to the results obtained, the EOC of soybeans in the municipality was R$ 1,251.35 per hectare, with inputs being the item that most increased costs, accounting for 79.38%. This system proved to be more financially attractive than the conventional planting system, which has an effective operational cost almost 30% higher, indicating the viability of the no-till system
Economic viability of an integrated crop-livestock system
No full textIntegrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS), a production system that uses animal husbandry for meat, milk, or wool production, is another option for crop rotation. This type of system offers numerous benefits for both crops and animal production. Its importance from an environmental perspective is highlighted by the increased biological diversity in the soil-plant-animal-atmosphere environment, resulting in improved chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil, as well as the preservation of water resources. The increased income diversification resulting from its use can reduce the risks inherent in the production system and generate economic security for rural producers regarding investments in production. National agricultural policy recognizes these benefits by promoting the agricultural and livestock practices it advocates, which receive support and financial resources from government entities. This case study aimed to demonstrate the economic return of an ICLS project using financing from the Low Carbon Agriculture Program. This work was developed on a traditionally agricultural rural property in Goioerê, Paraná State. The methodology employed was project analysis, using net present value and internal rate of return, before and after the implementation of the integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). The integrated crop-livestock activity provided economic returns higher than the rates applied to the most conservative investments in the financial market, such as savings accounts, and environmental benefits have been observed since the first year of project implementation
2026 Climate Guide for Farmers in Nigeria
No full textUnderstanding climate is important for every farmer. To support this, we are pleased to present the 2026 Climate Guide for Farmers, a comprehensive state-by-state climate-smart agriculture resource drawing from the Seasonal Climate Prediction (SCP) issued by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). This initiative aims to provide farmers and other agricultural stakeholders with accessible and actionable climate information, enabling them to make informed decisions and optimize their agricultural activities
Global Demand for Fuel Ethanol Through 2030
No full textAfter seeing strong growth for several years, U.S. ethanol-based demand for corn has plateaued over the last decade at about 5 billion bushels, or roughly 40 percent of U.S. corn production. Recently, demand for transportation fuels was reduced by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Though these markets largely recovered, moving forward, increased adoption of hybrid or electric vehicles and continued fuel efficiency gains will decrease domestic gasoline consumption, which in turn could decrease domestic fuel ethanol demand. These impacts could result in additional unutilized U.S. ethanol-production capacity. Ethanol policies in potential export markets are another factor that could influence the economic health of the U.S. corn-based ethanol industry and are the focus of this report. The report summarizes the U.S. and international fuel ethanol markets and provides two scenarios of future fuel ethanol demand in international markets: A “Historical Blends” scenario that assumes countries continue to blend ethanol at historical rates, and a “Targeted Blends” scenario that assumes countries with higher stated goals or mandates fully meet those goals or mandates. Results indicate that countries fully meeting ethanol blend rates or other policies will be required to see significant growth in fuel ethanol demand
Medicinal Plants of Tropical and Subtropical Regions
No full textContents: Introduction – Aloe – Asafoetida – Benzoin – Buchu – Calabar Bean – Calumba – Camphor – Cassia Fistula – Castor–bean – Cinchona – Coca – Cocoa – Colocynth – Copaiba – Croton Oil – Cubeb – Ergot – Gambir – Gamboge – Goa Powder – Guarana – Gum Arabic – Gum Tragacanth – Henna – Ipecac – Jaborandi – Jalap – Kino – Kola Nut – Krameria – Manna – Myrrh – Nux Vomica – Orris – Peru Balsam – Pomegranate – Psyllium – Sandalwood – Sarsaparilla – Scammony – Scammony, Mexican – Senna – Soapbark – Squill (White) –Strophanthus – Stramonium – Tamarind – Tolu Balsam – Tonka Bean
High-quality Development Path of Graduate Education in Aquaculture Discipline: A Case Study of Guangdong Ocean University
No full textAquaculture is a discipline system that focuses on exploring the growth, development, reproduction, aquaculture, and resources of aquatic animals and plants, and their complex relationships. Under the tide of the "high-quality development" strategy, the aquaculture discipline is also facing new opportunities and challenges for transformation, upgrading, and deepening development. Therefore, exploring and practicing an effective path for the high-quality development of graduate education in aquaculture is not only the key to promoting the transformation of graduate education in aquaculture from scale expansion to quality improvement, but also has immeasurable value for implementing the strategy on developing a quality workforce and the strategy of scientific and technological powerhouse. The high-quality development of graduate education in aquaculture can be promoted from the following aspects: optimizing and improving the construction of the graduate education system, focusing on enhancing the quality of high-level talent cultivation, strengthening the overall strength of the graduate supervisor team, actively promoting the adjustment and upgrading of the disciplinary and professional structure, strengthening the construction of resource platforms and deepening the implementation of collaborative education mechanisms, and continuously expanding and deepening the new pattern of international exchange and cooperation. Through the comprehensive promotion of the above paths, the aim is to fully build a model for the improvement and governance of graduate education quality
Current Situation and Prospects of China’s Carbon Market
No full textThrough literature review method, this paper systematically analyzes and studies the general situation of China's domestic carbon market, market and technology system, pricing mechanism, trading status, carbon finance, feasible paths for marketing, and development prospects of China’s carbon market. This study is of great significance for the systematic understanding of the development of China's carbon market, and also has important reference value for the realization of the national dual-carbon strategy in China