12064 research outputs found
Sort by
A new approach for the synthesis of bioactive quinuclidine and imidazole compounds
No full textU okviru ovog rada pripravljena je knjižnica od 63 derivata potencijalno bioaktivnih oksima,
etera i karbamata oksima, te α-acilamino-amida koji sadrže imidazolijevu ili kinuklidinijevu
jezgru. Dodatno, sintetizirani su i α-acilamino-amidi koji sadrže i druge heterocikličke
podjedinice (piridin, indol, tetrazol i tiofen) kako bi se dobila što raznovrsnija knjižnica novih
spojeva koji do sada nisu opisani u literaturi. U sintezi spojeva primijenjene su klasične metode
sinteze, mehanokemijske i sinteze potpomognutim mikrovalnim zračenjem. Varirani su uvjeti
te uspoređene brzine i iskorištenja reakcija, ali i stereokemija nastalih produkata kod etera
oksima. Optimirani su uvjeti za stereospecifičnu sintezu četiri etera oksima kinuklidina
mehanokemijskom sintezom bez otapala i uz natrijev hidroksid kao bazu (nastaje anti izomer).
Za određivanje omjera izomera etera oksima te konformera α-acilamino-amida u otopini
primijenjena je spektroskopija nuklearne magnetske rezonancije. Mehanizam i stereokemija
nastanka etera oksima kinuklidin-3-ona te konformacijski prostor α-acilamino-amida studirani
su kvantno-kemijskim proračunima.In this work, a library of 63 derivatives of potentially bioactive oximes, oxime ethers, oximes
carbamates, and α-acylamino-amides containing an imidazolium and/or quinuclidinium
nucleus was prepared. In addition, α-acylamino-amides containing other heterocyclic subunits
(pyridine, indole tetrazole and thiophene) were also synthesized in order to obtain the most
diverse library of new compounds that have not been described in the literature so far. Classical
methods of synthesis in solution, mechanochemical and microwave synthesis were used for the
synthesis of compounds. The conditions were varied and the speed and yields of the reactions
were compared, as well as the stereochemistry of the products formed in the case of ether
oximes. The conditions for the stereospecific synthesis of four quinuclidine oxime ethers were
optimized by mechanochemical synthesis without solvent and with sodium hydroxide as a base
(anti isomer is formed). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the
ratio of ether oxime isomers and α-acylamino-amide conformers in the solution. The
mechanism and stereochemistry of quinuclidin-3-one oxime ether formation and the
conformational space of α-acylamino-amide were studied by quantum-chemical calculations
Synthesis and properties of novel diamondoid ethers
No full textU okviru ove doktorske disertacije provedena je sinteza novih tercijarnih diamantoidnih etera
koji se sastoje od adamantanske i diamantanske podjedinice direktno povezane kisikovim
atomom. Uz klasičnu sintezu u otopini/talini, provedena je i mehanokemijska sinteza koja je
pokazala brojne prednosti u usporedbi s klasičnom sintezom. Novopripravljenim spojevima
ispitana je mogućnost samoorganizacije u 2D i 3D prostoru pri čemu su korištene tehnika
pretražne tunelirajuće mikroskopije, tehnika helijevih nanokapljica te tehnika difrakcije
rendgenskog zračenja na jediničnom kristalu. Uočeno je uređeno samoudruživanje
diamantoidnih etera pri čemu način samoorganizacije proizlazi iz početnih geometrijskih
struktura ispitivanih molekula te je proces uzrokovan prostornim međumolekulskim
interakcijama. Za dodatnu karakterizaciju nastalih površinskih slojeva korištena je računalna
analiza kojom je razjašnjen utjecaj kisikovog atoma na usmjeravanje molekula prema
površini, te je potvrđen presudan utjecaj Londonovih disperzijskih interakcija između
diamantoidnih kaveza na samoorganizaciju adsorbiranih molekula. Analiza difrakcijom
rendgenskog zračenja i diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom potvrdila je postojanje
faznih transformacija diamantoidnih etera u čvrstom stanju.In the scope of this thesis, new tertiary diamondoid ethers consisting of adamantane and
diamantane subunits directly connected by an oxygen atom were prepared. In addition to
classical synthesis in solution/melt, mechanochemical synthesis was also carried out, which
showed numerous advantages compared to classical synthesis. The self-organization of the
newly prepared compounds in 2D and 3D space was investigated using the technique of
scanning tunneling microscopy, the technique of helium nanodroplets and the technique of
single crystal X-ray diffraction. Ordered self-assembly of diamondoid ethers was observed,
whereby the manner of self-organization was a consequence of the initial geometrical
structures of the investigated molecules and the process was governed by spatial
intermolecular interactions. For additional characterization of the formed surface layers,
computational analysis was used in order to clarify the influence of oxygen atoms on the
orientation of molecules with respect to the surface, while London dispersion interactions
between diamondoid cages were confirmed as a driving force for the self-organization of the
adsorbed molecules. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses
confirmed the existence of phase transformations of diamondoid ethers in the solid state
Changes in the northern Adriatic ecosystem due to the invasion of the alien comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi
No full textAlohtoni rebraš Mnemiopsis leidyi je želatinozni, invazivni organizam koji se odnedavno
redovito pojavljuje u sjevernom Jadranu. U europskim morima se prvi puta pojavio u Crnom
moru gdje je unesen balastnim vodama iz Atlantika i gdje je ubrzo stekao reputaciju izrazito
nepoželjnog morskog organizma. Naime, uslijed masovnih pojava rebraša istrijebljen je gotovo
čitav fond zooplanktona, što je, na tom području u konačnici, dovelo do kolapsa ribarstva. Kako
bi se ustanovila prostorno-vremenska dinamika populacije M. leidyi i kakve utjecaje ostvaruju
na planktonsku zajednicu i inćune (kao predstavnike planktivorne ribe) u sjevernom Jadranu,
analizirani su brojni kemijski, biološki i fizikalni parametri. Rezultati pokazuju da pojave ovog
zooplanktonskog organizma uvelike ovise o geostrofičkim strujanjima, dok širenje i opstanak
populacije značajno ograničava dostupnost hrane i temperatura mora. Pojave M. leidyi uz
istočnu obalu vezuju se uz topliji dio godine i rezultat su sekundarnog širenja iz zimskih utočišta
na zapadnom dijelu sjevernog Jadrana, dok su maksimumi brojnosti krajem ljeta povezani s
povoljnim morskim strujanjima. Nadalje, M. leidyi istovremeno podržavaju niže i oslabljuju
više trofičke razine organizama. Duga razdoblja visoke brojnosti M. leidyi dovode do
akumulacije labilne organske tvari koja je pogodna za mikrobnu razgradnju, te ujedno i izvor
hranjivih soli. Takav disbalans u sustavu utječe na rast brojnosti pikoplanktona i njihovih
predatora, heterotrofnih nanoflagelata, čime se podržava mikrobna petlja, dok visoko-efikasna
i neselektivna prehrana ovog rebraša, u sprezi s drugim pritiscima na riblji fond, mijenja
prostorne obrasce populacije inćuna za vrijeme mrijesta, ali i zooplanktonsku zajednicu. Kako
je u cilju sprječavanja posljedica pojava M. leidyi važno ograničiti širenje populacije rebraša, u
posljednjem je dijelu ovog rada predložena prikladna obrada balastnih voda.Alien comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi is a gelatinous, invasive organism that is since recently is
regularly appearing in the northern Adriatic. Its first appearance in the European seas was in
the Black Sea, where it arrived in ballast tanks from the Atlantic and soon gained a reputation
as a notorious marine invader. Large M. leidyi swarms depleted the entire zooplankton pool,
leading to the collapse of fisheries. To depict the spatiotemporal dynamics of the M. leidyi
populations and identify their impacts on the plankton community and anchovies (as
representatives of planktivore fish) in the northern Adriatic, different chemical, biological and
physical parameters were analysed. The results show that the appearance of this zooplankton
organism is largely dependent on the geostrophic flow, while its spread and survival limit food
availability and water column temperature. Occurrence along the eastern coast is associated
with warmer seasons as a result of secondary dispersion from M. leidyi winter refuges in the
northwest and maxima abundances in late summer with favourable sea currents. Moreover, M.
leidyi simultaneously supports lower trophic levels while interfering with transport to the higher
levels. Especially long high-abundance periods provide a large amount of organic matter, in
most part labile and, thus, suitable for microbial digestion that, as follows, the release of
nutrients. Furthermore, such an imbalance in the system leads to an increased abundance of
picoplankton and their predator heterotrophic nanoflagellate, stimulating the microbial loop.
Besides, a highly efficient and non-selective comb jelly diet, combined with other stressors on
fish stocks, affects the spatial patterns of anchovy spawning areas and the zooplankton
community. It is most important to limit M. leidyi spread to prevent adverse consequences; thus,
ballast water treatments are proposed in the last part of this thesis
THE INFLUENCE OF PATHOGENIC PUUMALA AND APATHOGENIC TULA ORTHOHANTAVIRUS ON THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF PRIMARY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES
No full textVirusi Puumala (PUUV) i Tula (TULV) su RNA virusi koji pripadaju rodu Orthohantavirus
(HTV) porodice Hantaviridae. Virus PUUV patogeni je virus koji uzrokuje hemoragijsku
vrućicu s bubrežnim sindromom, dok se virus TULV smatra apatogenim virusom. Cilj ovog
istraživanja bio je dugotrajnom infekcijom ispitati elemente urođenog imunosnog odgovora
primarnih monocita/makrofaga inficiranih patogenim ili apatogenim ortohantavirusom u
uvjetima in vitro. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su značajne razlike u obrascu ekspresije
gena koji kodiraju sintezu proupalnih citokina i kemokina, kao i razlike u koncentracijama
pojedinih modulatora biološkog odgovora u ranoj (1 – 24 h od infekcije) i kasnoj (48 h – 7
dana) fazi infekcije. Analiza ekspresije staničnih diferencijacijskih molekula na
monocitima/makrofagima tijekom kultivacije pokazala je smanjenje ekspresije molekula
CD14 i HLA-DR uz značajno povećanu ekspresiju molekule CD206. U ovom radu prvi su
puta dokazane značajne razlike u urođenom imunosnom odgovoru na apatogeni virus TULV
u usporedbi s patogenim virusom PUUV. Rezultati ovog rada ukazuju na kompleksnost
molekularnih mehanizama urođene imunosne reakcije posredovane monocitima/makrofagima
u infekciji patogenim i apatogenim ortohantavirusima.Puumala (PUUV) and Tula (TULV) are RNA viruses, belonging to the genus
Orthohantavirus (HTV), family Hantaviridae. Puumala virus is a pathogenic virus that causes
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, while TULV is considered to be an apathogenic
virus. The aim of this long-term in vitro study was to examine the elements of the innate
immune response of primary monocytes/macrophages infected with pathogenic or
apathogenic orthohantavirus. The results of this research showed significant differences in the
expression pattern of genes encoding the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and
chemokines, as well as differences in the concentrations of certain biological response
modulators in the early (1-24 h from infection) and late (48 h-7 days) phase of infection.
Analysis of the expression of cell differentiation molecules on monocytes/macrophages
during cultivation showed a decrease in the expression of CD14 and HLA-DR molecules with
a significantly increased expression of the CD206 molecule. We demonstrated here, for the
first time, significant differences in the innate immune response to the apathogenic TULV
compared to the pathogenic PUUV. The results of this work indicate the complexity of the
molecular mechanisms of the innate immune reaction mediated by monocytes/macrophages in
infection with pathogenic and apathogenic orthohantaviruses
Cocrystalization of perhalogenated halogen bond donors with imines derived from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and aromatic amines
No full textU sklopu ovog diplomskog rada pripravljeni su imini izvedeni iz 2-nitrobenzaldehida i
aromatskih amina (4-, 3- i 2-halogenanilini, halogen = Cl, Br, I; te 3-nitroanilin).
Mehanokemijskom sintezom i kristalizacijom iz otopine izučavana je mogućnost nastajanja
kokristala pripravljenih imina s odabranim perhalogeniranim donorima halogenske veze s
ciljem da se istraži potencijal različitih funkcijskih skupina imina koje se mogu ponašati kao
akceptori halogenske veze. Dobiveni produkti okarakterizirani su difrakcijom rentgenskog
zračenja na polikristalnom uzorku, metodama termičke analize i računalnim metodama. Za
devet kokristala metodom difrakcije rentgenskog zračenja na jediničnom kristalu određene su
molekulske i kristalne strukture. Strukturnom analizom utvrđeno je da je u većini kokristala
dominantna supramolekulska interakcija halogenska veza N⸱⸱⸱I koja se ostvaruje između atoma
joda perhalogeniranog donora halogenske veze i atoma dušika iminske skupine. U pet
kokristala molekule imina se dodatno povezuju pnikogenskom vezom N⸱⸱⸱O koja se ostvaruje
između atoma dušika i atoma kisika nitro skupina susjednih imina.As a part of this thesis, imines were prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and aromatic amines
(4-, 3- i 2-halogenanilines, halogen = Cl, Br, I; and 3-nitroaniline). The investigation of
cocrystal synthesis from prepared imines and selected halogen bond donors was carried out
using mechanochemical synthesis and crystallization from solution, in order to research the
possibilities of different functional groups to act as halogen bond acceptors. The obtained
products were characterized by X-ray diffraction methods, by thermal analysis methods and
computational methods. For nine cocrystals, crystal and molecular structures were determined
using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analysis has shown N⸱⸱⸱I halogen bond
between the perhalogenated halogen bond donor's iodine atom and imine nitrogen atom as the
dominant supramolecular interaction in most cocrystals. In five cocrystals imine molecules are
additionally connected via pnicogen bond N⸱⸱⸱O between nitro group nitrogen and oxygen
atoms of neighbouring imines
Vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica and analysis of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 ORFA region from continental Croatia
No full textGljiva mješinarka Cryphonectria parasitica uzročnik je bolesti raka kore pitomog kestena
(Castanea sativa), a infekcija te gljive virusom Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) joj smanjuje
virulenciju, te tako omogućava prirodnu biološku kontrolu spomenute bolesti. Virus CHV1 je
najbolje proučena vrsta hipovirusa i jedina prisutna u Europi, gdje postoji njegovih pet podtipova.
Horizontalni prijenos virusa CHV1 ograničen je sustavom vegetativne (ne)kompatibilnosti gljive
C. parasitica, tzv. vc-tipom gljive. U tri proučavane populacije kontinentalne Hrvatske utvrđeno
je 12 različitih vc-tipova, među 54 izolata gljive C. parasitica. U populaciji Hrvatske Kostajnice
najzastupljeniji vc-tipovi su EU-1 (22%), te EU-2 i EU-26 (17%), u populaciji Požege to su vctipovi EU-2 (58%) i EU-1 (19%), te konačno u populaciji Slunja to je vc-tip EU-2 (40%). Prisutnost
hipovirusa dokazana je izolacijom ukupne RNA, reverznom transkripcijom, te amplifikacijom
dijela genomske regije ORFA. Prevalencija virusa CHV1 na području Hrvatske Kostajnice iznosi
61%, a u Požegi 23%. Nakon sekvenciranja umnoženih fragmenata potvrđeno je da izolati virusa
CHV1 pripadaju talijanskom podtipu, te su najsrodniji izolatima iz Slovenije, Italije i Švicarske.Sac fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is a causal agent of the chestnut blight, a disease of sweet
chestnut (Castanea sativa). Infection of the fungus with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1)
reduces its virulence, acting as a natural biocontrol agent of the chestnut blight. CHV1 is the best
studied species of hypoviruses and the only one present in Europe, where five subtypes of this virus
have been identified. Its horizontal transmission is limited by a vegetative (in)compatibility (vctype) system of the fungus. Twelve different vc-types were identified among 54 isolates of C.
parasitica from three populations of continental Croatia. The most abundant vc-type in Hrvatska
Kostajnica was EU-1 (22%), followed by EU-2 and EU-26 (17%), in Požega it was EU-2 (58%),
followed by EU-1 (19%). Finally, the most widespread vc-type in Slunj was EU-2 (40%). CHV1
presence was determined by isolation of total RNA, reverse transcription and amplification of a
part of ORFA genomic region. The prevalence of CHV1 is 61% in Hrvatska Kostajnica and 23%
in Požega. After sequencing of the amplified fragments, all virus strains have been confirmed to
belong to the same, Italian subtype, and are closely related to strains from Slovenia, Italy and
Switzerland
Behaviour of Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) and Dalmatian wall lizard (Podarcis melisellensis) in novel environment
No full textPrimorska gušterica (Podarcis siculus) i krška gušterica (Podarcis melisellensis) su kohabitirajuće vrste guštera čiji se areali preklapaju na istočnojadranskoj obali i pripadajućim otocima. Primorska gušterica je dominantna u interspecijskim odnosima sa ostalim malim guštericama uključujući i kršku guštericu. Prilagodba različitim uvjetima staništa čini primorsku guštericu i uspješnom invazivnom vrstom, na područjima gdje nije autohtona. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi razlike u ponašanju u novom okruženju u ovisnosti o vrsti i spolu. Istraživanje je provedeno na 10 mužjaka i 10 ženki svake vrste, ulovljenima na svakoj od tri lokacije (Knin, Pag i Sinj) odnosno ukupno 120 jedinki. Jedinke su tijekom istraživanja održavane u zatočeništvu u kontroliranim uvjetima. Istraživanje je provedeno testom otvorenog polja u kojem je izmjeren niz varijabli od interesa: broj palucanja jezikom i pokušaj bijega, vrijeme provedeno u centralnom, odnosno perifernom dijelu otvorenog polja, vrijeme koje je gušter proveo krećući se te udaljenost kretanja. Istraživanje je pokazalo da jedinke primorske gušterice više istražuju te da imaju manje razine neofobije u odnosu na jedinke krške gušterice. Pokazano je da ne postoji razlika u ponašanju između spolova.Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) and Dalmatian wall lizard (Podarcis melisellensis) are cohabiting lizard species with overlapping home ranges in the eastern Adriatic coast and the associated islands. The Italian wall lizard is dominant in interspecific relationships with other small lizards, including the Dalmatian wall lizard. Adaptation to different habitat conditions makes the Italian wall lizard also a successful invasive species in areas where it is not native. The study aimed to determine differences in behavior in the new environment depending on the species and sex. The research was carried out on 10 males and 10 females of each species, caught at each of the three locations (Knin, Pag and Sinj) which is a total of 120 individuals. The individuals were held in controlled conditions during the study. The research was conducted by an open field test in which a number of variables were measured: the number of tongue flicks and escape attempts, the time spent in the central or peripheral part of the open field, the time the lizard spent moving, and the distance of movement. Results have shown that Italian wall lizards are more exploratory and less neophobic than Dalmatian wall lizards. The results have also shown that no difference in behaviour was found between the sexes
GIS Analysis of Slope Threathing Spots by Landslide's in Banovina region
No full textU pojedinim dijelovima Republike Hrvatske veliku opasnost predstavljaju klizišta kojima kao prirodnoj prijetnji nije dovoljno posvećena pozornost. Klizišta mogu biti velike prijetnje po ljudske živote i prouzrokovati velike materijalne štete, a kako bi se to spriječilo ili ublažilo, potrebno je napraviti sustavnu bazu klizišta, karte ugroze od klizanja te educirati populaciju. U radu je izvršena GIS analiza podložnosti klizanja tla na području Banovine. Analizirane su prirodnogeografske značajke područja te antropogeni čimbenici koji utječu na nastanak klizišta. Dakle, uz morfometrijske značajke reljefa; hipsometriju, nagib padina, ekspoziciju, napravljena je geološka i morfogenetska analiza, analiza hidrografske mreže, klimatoloških i pedoloških obilježja područja te analiza antropogenog utjecaja kod zemljišnog pokrova i izgradnje cestovne mreže. Za svaku od tih kategorija određena je pojavnost klizišta. U konačnici, modelom omjera frekvencija (FR model) dobivene su vrijednosti koje su poslužile izradi karte ugroženosti padina klizištima na području Banovine. Vrijednosti FR modela predstavljaju u kolikoj je mjeri pojedini faktor utjecao na klizanje tla. Na temelju podataka FR modela i prateće mu karte, doneseni su zaključci te su predložene mjere prevencije i sanacije klizišta.Landslides, which are not considered serious enough as a natural threat, represent a severe danger in certain areas of Croatia. Since the landslides can impose a serious threat to human lives and cause severe material damage, a system base of landslides, together with a threat map need to be created. In addition, educating people about the danger of landslides is equally important. This paper is based on a GIS analysis of susceptibility to landslides regarding the soil in the area of Banovina. The analysis includes physical-geographic features of the areas and anthropogenic factors which affect the creation of landslides. So, considering morphometric features of the relief, alongside hypsometry, slope and aspect, a few important anayses have been performed – geological and morphogenetic, the analysis of hydrographic networks, together with climatological and pedological features, and the analysis of anthropogenic affect to soil cover and road network construction. The manifestation of landslides has been determined for each of the above-mentioned categories. Ultimately, the values, which were of great importance when creating the threat map of the slopes in regard to the landslides in Banovina, have been obtained by the frequency ratio (FR) model. The values of FR model represent how much every factor affected the occurrence of landslides. Certain conclusions have been made and measures for prevention and remediation of landslides were proposed based on the data collected by the FR model
Establishing a three-dimensional spheroid culture of head and neck tumor cells
No full textDvodimenzionalne stanične kulture (2D) čest su alat u istraživanjima malignih
oboljenja jer su jednostavne za uspostavu, održavanje te interpretaciju rezultata. Ipak, mnogi
potencijalni novi lijekovi koji se ispituju na adherentnim staničnim kulturama in vitro nisu
uspješni kada se testiraju u živim sustavima. Uvođenje trodimenzionalnih (3D) staničnih
modela kao međukoraka u testiranju lijekova prije primjene na živim organizmima postaje
sve zanimljivije u pretkliničkim ispitivanjima. Uz navedeno, rastuća otpornost na postojeće
terapije, kao i molekularni mehanizmi nastanka iste, bili su neki od razloga uspostave
trodimenzionalnih staničnih kultura. Cilj je ovog diplomskog rada bio uspostaviti 3D staničnu
kulturu dviju staničnih linija karcinoma glave i vrata (FaDu i Detroit562) metodom viseće
kapljice (eng. hanging drop), morfološki ih analizirati, tretirati inhibitorima signalnog puta
HH-GLI, provjeriti ekspresiju ciljnih gena kao odgovor na tretmane te usporediti rezultate s
2D kulturom.Two-dimensional cell cultures (2D) are a common tool in malignancy research because
they are easy to establish, maintain, and interpret results. However, many potential new drugs
tested in vitro on adherent cell cultures are not successful when tested in living systems. The
introduction of three-dimensional cell cultures (3D) cell models as an intermediate step in
drug testing before application to living organisms is becoming increasingly interesting in
preclinical trials. In addition, the growing resistance to existing therapies, as well as the
molecular mechanisms of its development, were some of the reasons for the establishment of
three-dimensional cell cultures. The aim of this thesis was to establish a 3D cell culture of two
head and neck cancer cell lines (FaDu and Detroit562) using the hanging drop method,
morphologically analyze them, treat them with HH-GLI signaling inhibitors, check the
expression of target genes in response on treatments and compare results with 2D culture
Polymorphisms of CYP1A2 gene in Croatian Roma population
No full textGen CYP1A2 kodira enzim koji sudjeluje u metabolizmu lijekova i odgovoran je za 95 %
primarnog metabolizma kofeina. Varijacije gena CYP1A2 posebno su slabo istraživane u
manjinskim i/ili izoliranim populacijama kao što su Romi, transnacionalna populacija indijskog
podrijetla koja živi kao manjina u gotovo svim zemljama Europe. Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je
utvrditi na koji način demografska povijest i evolucijski mehanizmi utječu na distribuciju alela
i haplotipova tri farmakogenetički relevantna polimorfizama gena CYP1A2 u tri skupine Roma
Hrvatske (Baranja, Međimurje i Balkan). Uzorci su genotipizirani metodom KASP (eng.
Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR). Genotipizacijski podaci uspoređeni su učestalostima
istraživanih SNP-ova u europskim i azijskim populacijama. U romskih skupinama Hrvatske od
3 analizirana SNP-a, rs2069514 bio je monomorfan. Rekonstruirana su 4 haplotipa koja su
translatirana u zvjezdaste alela od kojh je najučesaliji *1A i*1F. Usporedbom istraživanih
populacija temeljenoj na učestalosti haplotipova utvrđeno je kako populacije pokazuju
homogeno grupiranje prema geografskoj pripadnosti, dok su Romi najheterogenija skupina.
Balkanski Romi su najsličnija Europskim populacijama, Romi iz Baranje su smješteni između
Europljana i populacija južne Azije dok je populacija Roma iz Međimurja u potpunosti
odvojena.The CYP1A2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in drug metabolism and is responsible for 95%
of primary caffeine metabolism. Variations in the CYP1A2 gene have been particularly poorly
studied in minority and/or isolated populations such as the Roma, a transnational population
of Indian descent living as a minority in almost all European countries. The main goal of the
study was to determine how demographic history and evolutionary mechanisms affect the
distribution of alleles and haplotypes of three pharmacogenetically relevant CYP1A2 gene
polymorphisms in three groups of Croatian Roma (Baranja, Međimurje and the Balkans).
Samples were genotyped by KASP (Competitive Allele Specific PCR). Genotyping data were
compared with the frequencies of the studied SNPs in European and Asian populations. In the
Croatian Roma groups of the 3 analyzed SNPs, rs2069514 was monomorphic. 4 haplotypes
were reconstructed and translated into stellar alleles, of which *1A and *1F are the most
common. A comparison of the studied populations based on the frequency of haplotypes
showed that the populations show a homogeneous grouping according to geographical
affiliation, while Roma are the most heterogeneous group. Balkan Roma are most similar to
European populations, Roma from Baranja are located between Europeans and South Asian
populations, while Roma population from Međimurje is completely separated