12064 research outputs found
Sort by
Ergonyms of Zagreb's Donji Grad District
No full textErgonim je pojam koji obuhvaća sve nazive poslovnih objekata, poduzeća i firmi te je zadatak ergonima privući pažnju potencijalnog klijenta U ovome radu je provedena analiza ergonima na području zagrebačke četvrti Donji grad. Kako bi ergonimi bili uvršteni u analizu potrebno je da budu vidljivi te da poslovni objekti imaju vidljiv izlog ili dostupnu terasu. U radu se prvotno analizira raspored poslovnih objekata u istraživačkom području. Zatim se analiziraju strani jezici koji su korišteni za ergonime. U konačnici se ergonimi kategoriziraju po poruci koju pokušavaju poslati potencijalnom korisniku.Ergonym is a term that includes all names of business facilities, companies and firms, and the task of ergonyms is to attract the attention of a potential client. In this paper, analysis of ergonyms was carried out in an area of Zagreb's Donji grad district In order for ergonyms to be included in the analysis, it is necessary that they be visible and that the business premises have a visible window or an accessible terrace. The paper initially analyses the location of businesses in the research area. Then the foreign languages that were used for ergonyms are analyzed. Ultimately, ergonyms are categorized by the message they are trying to send to the potential customer
Quality of life in Đakovo
No full textIstraživanje kvalitete života u određenom području provodi se kako bi se lakše utvrdile mjere za unapređenje životnih uvjeta stanovnika. Prema podacima posljednjeg Popisa stanovništva 2021. Đakova je slično kao i većina naselja u Hrvatskoj zahvaćeno depopulacijom koja utječe i na različite društvene i ekonomske aspekte života. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je istražiti kvalitetu života stanovnika Đakova. U svrhu ostvarivanja cilja analizirani su podaci DZS-a (demografski i ekonomski podaci, podaci o kućanstvima i stambenom fondu) i provedeno je anketno istraživanje na uzorku od 160 ispitanika. Za potrebe ovog rada izabrane su sljedeće domene kvalitete života: stanovanje, materijalno blagostanje, zdravlje, sigurnost, komunalni i urbani sadržaji, okoliš i zadovoljstvo životom. Rezultati su pokazali kako ispitanici visoko ocjenjuju razinu osobne sigurnosti u gradu te smirenost i jednostavnost života smatraju najvećom prednosti života u Đakovu. S druge strane, stanovnici smatraju da u gradu nedostaje aktivnosti i sadržaja za mlade te je nedostatak radnih mjesta i nemogućnost zaposlenja jedan od glavnih razloga zašto mladi odlučuju odseliti iz Đakova.Research on quality of life in specific areas aims to identify measures for enhancing residents' living conditions. Data from the 2021 Census reveals that Đakovo, like many other settlements in Croatia, is experiencing depopulation, which affects various social and economic aspects of life. This thesis aims to assess the quality of life for residents of Đakovo. To achieve this objective, an analysis was conducted using demographic, economic, household, and housing data from the CBS. Additionally, a survey was conducted out with a sample of 160 respondents. The study focused on the following quality of life domains: housing, material well-being, health, safety, communal and urban amenities, environment, and life satisfaction. The results showed that the respondents rate the level of personal safety in the city highly and consider the calmness and simplicity of life to be the greatest advantage of living in Đakovo. On the other hand, residents believe that there is a lack of activities and facilities for young people in the city, and the lack of jobs and the inability of employment is one of the main reasons why young people decide to move away from Đakovo
New approaches in teaching climatology concepts and contents in geography education in Croatian primary and grammar schools
No full textU radu se analiziraju pristupi poučavanju koncepata i sadržaja iz klimatologije u nastavi Geografije. Komparativnom analizom nastavnog programa i predmetnog kurikula utvrđene su razlike u redoslijedu i vremenu poučavanja sadržaja te je utvrđeno povećanje udjela ishoda učenja tematski povezanih s klimatologijom u kurikulu. Većina ishoda formulirana je na kognitivnoj razini razumijevanja i u dimenziji konceptualnog znanja po revidiranoj Bloomovoj taksonomiji. Najzastupljeniji grafički prilozi u udžbenicima su fotografije i crteži. Analizom odgovora u anketnom upitniku utvrđeno je da u osnovnim školama prevladavaju neverbalne, a u gimnazijama verbalne nastavne metode. U osnovnim školama najčešće se organizira rad u skupinama, a u gimnazijama frontalni rad. Analizom učeničkih postignuća na unutarnjem vrednovanju utvrđeno je da prosječno najslabije riješeni zadaci provjeravaju kognitivnu razinu primjene i dimenziju proceduralnog znanja. U radu su iznesene metodičke sugestije koje uključuju odabir adekvatnih nastavnih metoda i oblika rada te aktivnosti na satu kako bi učenici učinkovitije usvojili ishode učenja iz klimatologije. Na kraju rada predloženi su primjeri vježbi i istraživačkih radova u nastavi Geografije.The paper analyses approaches to teaching the concepts and content of climatology in geography education. A comparative analysis of the teaching programs and the subject curriculum reveals differences in the order and timing of the teaching content, as well as an increase in the proportion of learning outcomes thematically related to climatology in the curriculum. Most of the learning outcomes are formulated at the cognitive level of understanding and within the dimension of conceptual knowledge according to the revised Bloom's taxonomy. The most common graphic additions in textbooks are photos and drawings. The analysis of the questionnaire reveals that non-verbal teaching methods prevail in primary schools, while verbal methods are more common in grammar schools. Group work is organized most frequently in primary schools, while frontal teaching is predominant in grammar schools. An analysis of students’ achievements in internal evaluation shows that the tasks with the lowest average score of success are testing the cognitive level of application and the procedural knowledge dimension. The paper offers methodical suggestions including the proper choice of teaching methods, forms of work and classroom activities to help students achieve learning outcomes in climatology more effectively. The paper concludes with proposed examples of exercises and research work in geography teaching
Maternal-to-zygotic transition in higher plants
No full textŽivotni ciklus biljaka i životinja započinje oplodnjom jajne stanice kojom nastaje zigota. Kratko nakon oplodnje razvoj embrija temelji se na transkriptima naslijeđenim od jajne stanice. Postepeno kontrolu razvoja preuzima zigota/embrij tijekom tranzicijskog procesa (MZT). Uspostava zigotne/embrijske kontrole razvoja odvija se postepeno kroz razgradnju naslijeđenih majčinskih transkripata te aktivaciju zigotnog genoma (ZGA). Kod biljaka, za razliku od životinja, aktivacija zigotnog genoma započinje u stadiju zigote te rezultira prvom staničnom diobom. Geni koji se eksprimiraju u ranim stadijima razvoja biljaka uključeni su u uspostavu polarnosti zigote te apikalno-bazalne osi koja je temelj za nastavak embriogeneze. Mehanizmi degradacije naslijeđenih transkripata kod biljaka još nisu poznati. Dosadašnja istraživanja upućuju na postojanje razlika u procesu uspostave zigotne kontrole razvoja između jedosupnica i dvosupnica. Najnovija istraživanja provedena na životinjskim modelima ukazala su na važnost alternativnog prekrajanja u procesu MZT, međutim ovakva istraživanja tek je potrebno provesti na biljnim modelima. Perspektivu za proučavanje alternativnog prekrajanja u okviru uspostave zigotne kontrole razvoja kod uročnjaka predstavlja proteinska porodica MATH-BTB.The life cycle of plants i animals begins with the fertilization of the egg cell, which results in the formation of a zygote. Shortly after fertilization, the development of the embryo relies on transcripts inherited from the egg cell. Gradually, the zygote/embryo takes control of development during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). Maternal-to-zygotic transition occurs progressively through the degradation of inherited maternal transcripts and the activation of the zygotic genome (ZGA). Unlike animals, in plants zygotic genome activation begins at the zygote stage and it leads to the first cell division. Genes expressed during the early stages of plant development are involved in establishing the polarity of the zygote and the apical-basal axis, which is essential for further embryogenesis. The mechanisms which govern degradation of inherited transcripts in plants are still unknown. Previous studies suggest differences in the process of maternal-to-zygotic transition between monocots and dicots. Recent research on animal models has highlighted the importance of alternative splicing in the MZT process, but such studies are yet to be conducted on plant models. The MATH-BTB protein family presents perspective for studying alternative splicing in the context of MZT process in Arabidopsis
An overview of methods for quantifying the amount of stimuli in daily routine of animals
No full textŽivčani sustav svake životinje prilagođen je podražajima iz okoliša u kojem ta životinja živi, no vrijedi li isto u suvremenom životu čovjeka. Općeprihvaćeno je mišljenje da smo “bombardirani” velikom količinom informacija tijekom života u modernom okolišu, i to svakodnevno. Unatoč tom gotovo uvriježenom mišljenju, tek je nekolicina istraživača pokušala primjeniti znanstvene metode na mjerenje količine signala koje prosječan čovjek dobiva svakodnevno i to usporediti s količinom signala koje je prosječan čovjek dobivao tijekom naše recentne evolucijske povijesti, primjerice kroz posljednjih 10 000 godina. Do sada su znanstvenici mnogo puta pokušali pronaći uzorke u komunikaciji kitova, primata, ptica i kukaca pa su se zahvaljujući njihovim istraživanjima pojavili koncepti entropije i kompleksnosti signala koji su postali korisni alati u analizi interakcije životinja. Još nitko nije spomenute alate iskoristio za mjerenje količine signala u „prirodnom“ i „antropogenom“ okolišu. Cilj ovog rada je predložiti smjer razmišljanja, odnosno osnovnu metodu za procjenu količine svakodnevnog signala, a također postaviti temelj daljnjem istraživanju ove problematike uspostavom prvih alata za procjenu signalne opterećenosti. Rad je ograničen na zvučne (akustičke) signale jer su isti jednostavni za kvantifikaciju i jer su postojeće metode standardiziranije od metoda za analizu video-zapisa, no ista se logika sigurno može primijeniti i na vidne (vizualne) signale, što bi bio logičan sljedeći korak u ovom području. Poznate matematičke funkcije koje se koriste za analizu zvučnih zapisa u području ekologije prenamijenjene su i iskombinirane u skladu s definicijom signala, kako bi se dobila vrijednost koja predstavlja količinu snimljenog signala. Preliminarni podaci pokazuju da je količina informacija u današnjem svakodnevnom životu čovjeka nesrazmjerno veća od količine koja postoji u prirodnim ekosistemima. Pogotovo se u količini informacija u svakodnevom životu čovjeka ističu televizijske reklame i elektronička glazba.The nervous system of every animal is adapted to the stimuli of the environment in which the animal lives, but does the same hold true in modern human life? It is a widely accepted belief that we are “bombarded” with a large amount of information in our daily lives within the modern environment. Despite this common notion, only a few researchers have attempted to apply scientific methods to measure the quantity of signals the average person receives daily and compare it to the amount of signals an average person received throughout recent evolutionary history, such as in the past 10,000 years. Scientists have often sought patterns in the communication of whales, primates, birds, and insects, and through their research, concepts like entropy and signal complexity have emerged, which have become useful tools in analyzing animal interactions. However, no one has yet used these tools to measure the quantity of signals in both "natural" and "anthropogenic" environments. The goal of this paper is to propose a direction of thought, specifically a basic method for assessing the amount of daily signals, and to lay the foundation for further research in this area by establishing the first tools for evaluating signal load. The study is limited to sound (acoustic) signals, as they are easier to quantify and because existing methods for their analysis are more standardized compared to methods for video analysis. However, the same logic can certainly be applied to visual signals, which would be a logical next step in this field. Known mathematical functions used for the analysis of audio recordings in the field of ecology have been adapted and combined in accordance with the definition of a signal, in order to obtain a value representing the amount of the recorded signal. Preliminary data show that the amount of information in modern human daily life is disproportionately greater than the amount present in natural ecosystems. Notably, television advertisements and electronic music stand out as major sources of information in everyday human life
The significance i the application of Fungi (Opisthokonta) in environmental protection strategies
No full textGljive su ključni organizmi zbog nezamjenjivih ekoloških uloga u prirodnim sustavima. Kao globalno rasprostranjeni razlagači organske tvari ili simbionti s drugim organizmima važna su odrednica biogeokemijskih ciklusa na Zemlji. Presudne su za poimanje evolucijskih događaja u kolonizaciji i uspostavi kopnenih staništa. Njihova iznimna raznolikost, mogućnost razgradnje i pohrane složenih organskih tvari u tlu čini ih temeljnim organizmima za održavanje zdravlja tog staništa. Razumijevanje njihove uloge u ekosustavu pruža mogućnosti za rješavanje globalnih ekoloških izazova. Gljive mogu imati primjenu u uklanjanju zagađujućih čestica iz okoliša, povećanju kapaciteta tla za pohranu ugljikovih spojeva iz atmosfere te u obnovi staništa uspostavljanjem stabilnih i raznolikih ekosustava. Iako su od velike važnosti, često su zanemarene u znanstvenim istraživanjima i strategijama zaštite okoliša. Povećanje svijesti i broja mikoloških istraživanja pruža prijeko potrebne uvide za konzervaciju ugroženih vrsta gljiva. Osim toga to doprinosi stvaranju globalnih strategija za učinkovitu borbu protiv ekoloških izazova tijekom presudnih desetljeća 21. vijeka.Fungi are key organisms due to their irreplaceable ecological roles in natural systems. As globally widespread decomposers of organic matter or symbionts with other organisms, they are crucial determinants of biogeochemical cycles on Earth. They are essential for understanding evolutionary events in the colonization i establishment of terrestrial habitats. Their exceptional diversity, ability to break down i store complex organic substances in the soil, makes them fundamental organisms for maintaining the health of these habitats. Understanding their role in the ecosystem offers opportunities for addressing global ecological challenges. Fungi can be applied in removing pollutants from the environment, increasing the soil's capacity to store carbon compounds from the atmosphere, i restoration by establishing stable i diverse ecosystems. Despite their importance, they are often overlooked in scientific research i environmental protection strategies. Increasing awareness i mycological research provides much-needed insights for the conservation of endangered fungal species. Furthermore, this contributes to the development of global strategies to effectively combat ecological challenges during the crucial decades of the 21st century
Silencing of the Scarlet gene using RNA interference in asellid crustaceans (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae)
No full textRNA interferencija je metoda kojom se, unosom dsRNA u organizam, uzrokuje utišavanje gena degradacijom ciljne mRNA. Na rakovima je to sve učestalija metoda istraživanja funkcije gena te je najbolja metoda unosa dsRNA mikroinjektiranje. Jednakonožni slatkovodni rakovi vrste Asellus aquaticus i Proasellus coxalis pokazuju iznimnu fenotipsku plastičnost pigmentacije tijela. U pigmentaciju tijela jednakonožnih rakova su uključeni omokromi; molekule koje nastaju od aminokiseline triptofana. U put biosinteze omokroma su uključeni enzimi i ABC transporteri, jedan od kojih je i protein Scarlet. U ovom istraživanju sam uz pomoć RNA interferencije, mikroinjektiranjem dsRNA gena Scarlet u organizam navedenih životinja pokušala utišati gen Scarlet i na taj način uzrokovati fenotipsku promjenu smanjenja pigmentacije tijela. Kod vrste A. aquaticus mikroinjektiranjem dsRNA gena Scarlet za vrijeme presvlačenja došlo je do značajnog smanjenja pigmentacije tijela. Mikroinjektirane jedinke vrste P. coxalis imale su visoku smrtnost, ali je primijećen trend posvijetljenja pigmentacije tijela. Najbolji efekt primijećen je kod jedinki mikroinjektiranih za vrijeme presvlačenja kod obje vrste.RNA interference is a method used for silencing specific genes by introducing dsRNA into the organism which causes degradation of the target mRNA. This method is increasingly used for understanding the functions of genes in Crustaceans, and it was shown that the best method of introducing the dsRNA is by microinjection. Isopods Asellus aquaticus and Proasellus coxalis show high levels of phenotypic plasticity in body pigmentation. Ommochromes, molecules biosynthesized from the amino acid tryptophan, are responsible for body pigmentation in isopods. The ommochrome biosynthesis involves different enzymes and ABC transporters, including the protein Scarlet. Here, I tried to silence the Scarlet gene using RNA interference by microinjecting dsRNA in the organisms of the two above mentioned species. I expected this would cause a change in body pigmentation which would be shown as brightening of body color. In A. aquaticus microinjecting the dsRNA of the Scarlet gene in animals which were in moulting showed a significant reduction in body pigmentation. Microinjected P. coxalis showed high levels of mortality, but a trend of reduction in body pigmentation was noticed. The best effect was shown in animals which were in moulting at the time of microinjecting
MINERALOGICAL AND PETROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM VRLIČKO AND SINJSKO POLJE
No full textU ovom radu analizirani su dijabazi Vrličkog i Sinjskog polja, točnije s lokaliteta Garjak i Slane stine. Radi se o dijabazima čija starost do sada nije radiometrijski utvrđena, ali se pretpostavlja da pripadaju permotrijaskoj vulkanskoj aktivnosti zabilježenoj u širem području. Optičkim istraživanjem, te primjenom analitičkih metoda rendgenske difrakcije na prahu i infracrvene spektroskopije određivane su mineraloške i petrološke karakteristike uzoraka te su proučavani alteracijski procesi kroz koje su prošli. Utvrđeno je da se na oba lokaliteta radi o istom izvornom tipu stijena, koje se razlikuju po prisutnosti i intenzitetu alteracija. Utvrđene su niskotemperaturne hidrotermalne alteracije (albitizacija, sericitizacija, kloritizacija, kalcitizacija, prehnitizacija i epidotizacija) koje su na uzorcima lokaliteta Garjak izraženije, dok su na uzorcima lokaliteta Slane stine manje izražene.In this work, the diabases of Vrličko and Sinjsko Polje, specifically from the localities of Garjak and Slane stine, were analyzed. These are diabases whose age has not been determined radiometrically so far, but it is assumed that they belong to the Permotriassic volcanic activity recorded in the wider area. The mineralogical and petrological characteristics of the samples, and the alteration processes they went through were studied by optical research and the application of analytical methods of X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. It was established that both localities are of the same original rock type, which differ in the presence and intensity of alterations. Low-temperature hydrothermal alterations (albitization, sericitization, chloritization, calcitization, prehnitization, and epidotization) were determined, which are more pronounced in the samples from the Garjak locality, while they are less pronounced in the samples from the Slane stine locality
Design of functional materials based on aromatic systems with azo and azodioxy linkages
No full textU prvom dijelu disertacije je uz pomoć infracrvene spektroskopije, spektroskopije nuklearne magnetske rezonancije u čvrstom stanju, difrakcije rendgenskog zračenja na polikristalnom uzorku, elementne analize, termogravimetrijske analize te mjerenjem adsorpcijsko-desorpcijskih izotermi dušika istražen utjecaj različitih metoda sinteze i polaznih građevnih jedinki na strukturna i funkcionalna svojstva novih poroznih organskih polimera premoštenih azo vezama. Prikupljeni rezultati ukazuju da odabir polaznih građevnih jedinki kao i metode sinteze značajno utječu na poroznost i kapacitet adsorpcije ugljikovog dioksida sintetiziranih polimera. Identificirano je nekoliko potencijalnih kandidata za efikasnu adsorpciju ugljikovog dioksida. U drugom dijelu disertacije proučavana je dimerizacija i polimerizacija aromatskih C-nitrozo spojeva na površini Au(111) pomoću elipsometrije, mikroskopije atomskih sila i pretražne tunelirajuće mikroskopije u svrhu utvrđivanja smjernica za kontrolirani dizajn azodioksidnih filmova. Ustanovljeno je da tendencija nastanka azodioksidnih filmova na površini Au(111) raste s povećanjem koncentracije otopine i duljim vremenom adsorpcije.In the first part of the dissertation, the influence of different synthesis methods and starting building units on the structural and functional properties of new porous organic polymers bridged by azo bonds was investigated by infrared spectroscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and by measuring nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The obtained results indicated that different starting building units and synthesis methods significantly influence the functional properties of the synthesized polymers. Several potential candidates for efficient carbon dioxide adsorption have been identified. In the second part of the dissertation, the dimerization and polymerization of aromatic C-nitroso compounds on the Au(111) surface was studied using ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy to determine guidelines for the controlled design of azodioxy films. It was found that the tendency of aromatic C-nitroso compounds to form azodioxy films on the Au(111) surface increases with increasing solution concentration and longer adsorption time
Sedimentological characteristics of the core from the Jadrtovac salt marsh
No full textPrikupljene su dvije jezgre MSM1 i SM1 na području slane močvare oko Jadrtovca, Morinjski zaljev. Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati sedimentološke karakteristike jezgri te s obzirom na karakteristike odrediti promjene u jezgri po dubini odnosno kroz vrijeme. Napravljene su analize veličine zrna i mikroskopski pregled uzoraka. Obje jezgre imaju sličnost u dominaciji mulja, s manjim udjelom pijeska i šljunka. Ovakav sastav sedimenta je posljedica trošenja fliša i tla okolnog područja kao i biogene sedimentacije unutar samog zaljeva.Two cores MSM1 and SM1 were collected in the area of the salt marsh around Jadrtovac, Morinje Bay. The aim of this work was to analyse the sedimentological characteristics of the cores and, with regard to the characteristics, to determine the changes in the cores by depth or time. Analysis of grain size and microscopic examination of the samples were made. Both cores have a similarity in the dominance of mud, with a smaller proportion of sand and gravel. This sediment composition is due to the erosion of flysch and soil from the surrounding area, as well as biogenic sedimentation within the bay itself