12064 research outputs found
Sort by
The effect of viral vector introduction into mouse brain on activation of the microglia
No full textVirusni vektori predstavljaju efikasan alat za unos genetičkog materijala u stanice te njihova
primjena ima važnu ulogu u raznim terapijama i neuroznanstvenim istraživanjima. Postoje
različite metode unosa virusnog vektora u središnji živčani sustav, a jedna od njih je direktno
stereotaksijsko injektiranje. Budući da mikroglija ima ulogu nadzornika u mozgu te sudjeluje
u aktivaciji imunosnog odgovora, cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati uzrokuje li stereotaksijsko
injektiranje lentivirusnog vektora aktivaciju upalnog odgovora (tj. mikroglije), promjenu u
morfologiji mikroglije te promjenu u ekspresiji TLR2 receptora koji se aktivira u slučaju
infekcije. Metoda imunohistokemijskog bojenja provedena je 7. i 14. dan nakon injektiranja
na tankim prerezima mišjih mozgova u svrhu vizualizacije markera mikroglije (Iba-1) i TLR2.
Upalni odgovor je lokaliziran u području prolaska igle, prolazan i popraćen promjenom u
morfologiji mikroglije te je značajno manji 14. dan u odnosu na 7. dan nakon unosa. U
području injektiranja utvrđena je povećana ekspresija TLR2 7. dan nakon unosa, no 14. dan je
značajno smanjena. Ovo istraživanje ukazuje kako za aktivaciju upalnog odgovora u mozgu
nije odgovoran lentivirusni vektor, već metoda unosa (stereotaksijsko injektiranje). Također,
istraživanjem je potvrđeno kako lentivirusni vektori predstavljaju siguran alat za unos
genetičkog materijala u mišji mozak.Viral vectors represent an efficient tool for introducing genetic material into cells and their
application plays an important role in various therapies and neuroscientific research. Different
methods can be used to introduce the viral vector into the central nervous system, and one of
them is direct stereotaxic injection. Since microglia are considered the main supervisors in the
brain and participate in the inflammatory response activation, the aim of this work was to
examine whether the stereotaxic injection of a lentiviral vector causes the activation of an
inflammatory response (i.e. microglia), change in the microglia morphology and change in the
expression of TLR2, a receptor activated in case of infection. The immunohistochemical
staining method was performed 7 and 14 days post injection on thin sections of mice brains in
order to visualize the microglia marker (Iba-1) and TLR2. The inflammatory response is
localized in the injection site, is transient, accompanied by a change in the microglia
morphology and significantly lower 14 days post injection in comparison to 7 days post
injection. In the injection site, an increased TLR2 expression was also recorded 7 days post
injection, while 14 days post injection it was significanly lower. This research established that
the activation of inflammatory response in the brain is not caused by the lentiviral vector, but
the introduction method (stereotaxic injection). Moreover, this research confirmed that
lentiviral vectors represent a safe tool for introducing genetic material into the mouse brain
The expression of ILIB and CXCR4 genes in non-small-cell lung cancer without mutations in EGFR gene
No full textKarcinom pluća najčešći je uzrok smrti povezanih s malignim bolestima. Dijeli se na karcinome
pluća malih i nemalih stanica. U ovom diplomskom radu istražit ću ekspresiju dvaju gena od
interesa, IL1B i CXCR4, koji su važni za imunosni odgovor organizma na razvoj karcinoma
pluća nemalih stanica koje nemaju mutaciju u genu za receptor epidermnog faktora rasta
(EGFR, od eng. epidermal growth factor receptor). Utvrđivanje mutacije u genu EGFR važno
je za liječenje karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica radi određivanja precizne terapije. IL1B kodira
interleukin-1 beta, a CXCR4 C-X-C kemokinski receptor 4. Oba imaju važnu, ali i nedovoljno
istraženu ulogu u imunosnom odgovoru na karcinom. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest utvrditi njihovu
razinu ekspresije u uzorcima karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije u genu EGFR u
odnosu na uzorke karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica s mutacijom u genu EGFR i tako omogućiti
bolje razumijevanje vrste imunosnog odgovora kod ovog entiteta. U tu svrhu izolirao sam RNA
gena od interesa koju sam preveo u cDNA kako bih mogao provesti qPCR. Razinu ekspresije
analizirao sam metodom kvantifikacije ddCt. Rezultati pokazuju povišenu ekspresiju
istraživanih gena u karcinomu pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije gena EGFR u odnosu na isti
tip karcinoma koji ima mutaciju u tome genu.Lung cancer is the most common malignancy-related cause of death. It can be divided into two
major groups: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this
thesis, I will analyze the expression of two genes, IL1B and CXCR4 which are important factors
in the immune response in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene. Mutations in EGFR gene
are important because based on their presence in the cancer targeted therapy can be applied.
IL1B encodes the protein interleukin-1 beta, and CXCR4 encodes chemokine C-X-C receptor
type 4. Both of these proteins have a significant, but still inadequately explored role in the
immune response against cancer. The aim of this research is to determine the expression of
these two genes in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to samples that have the
mutation to further understand the immune response of this cancer subtype. I have isolated the
RNA of the two genes and translated it into cDNA for multiplying via qPCR. I determined the
expression levels using the ddCt method. Expression of the studied genes was elevated in
NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to the same cancer type that has the mutated
gene
Molybdenum complexes with hydrazones derived from 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and formic- or acetichydrazide
No full textHidrazonski ligandi i njihovi koordinacijski spojevi imaju široku primjenu u biološkom,
farmaceutskom, analitičkom, katalitičkom i industrijskom području. Pripravljena su dva
hidrazonska liganda, derivati 2-hidroksi-3-metoksibenzaldehida s hidrazidom mravlje kiseline
(H2L1) ili hidrazidom octene kiseline (H2L2). Molibdenski hidrazonski kompleksi pripravljeni
su reakcijom [MoO2(acac)2] (gdje je acac oznaka za acetilacetonat) s navedenim ligandima.
Novonastali hidrazonski ligandi (H2L1 i H2L2) te mononuklearni i polinuklearni
molibdenski(VI) kompleksi su sintetizirani i okarakterizirani spektroskopskim metodama
(IR‒ATR, NMR). Njihovo termičko ponašanje okarakterizirano je termogravimetrijskom
analizom. Kristalne i molekulske strukture liganda H2L1 i H2L2, mononuklearnih kompleksa
[MoO2(L1)(H2O)], [MoO2(L2)(H2O)], [MoO2(L2)(MeOH)] te spoj (Hpy)2Mo8O26 određeni su
difrakcijom rendgenskog zračenja na jediničnom kristalu. Također, ispitani su putevi sinteze
kompleksa molibdena(V).Hydrazone ligands and their metal complexes have wide applications in biological,
pharmaceutical, analytical, catalytic, and industrial fields. Two hydrazone ligands were
prepared, derivatives of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with formic acid hydrazide (H2L1)
and acetic acid hydrazide (H2L2). Molybdenum hydrazone complexes were prepared by the
reaction of [MoO2(acac)2] (where acac is the symbol for acetylacetonate) with hydrazone
ligands. New hydrazone ligands (H2L1 and H2L2), mononuclear and polynuclear
molybdenum(VI) complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods
(IR‒ATR, NMR). Their thermal behaviour was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis.
Crystal and molecular structures of ligands H2L1 and H2L2, mononuclear complexes
[MoO2(L1)(H2O)], [MoO2(L2)(H2O)], [MoO2(L2)(MeOH)] and compound (Hpy)2Mo8O26 were
determined by single crystal X‒ray diffraction. Also, the synthesis of molybdenum(V)
complexes was explored
Role of PGAM5 phosphatase in BNIP3L/NIX receptor-mediated mitophagia
No full textDosadašnja istraživanja su pokazala kako je dimerizacija receptora BNIP3L/NIX molekularni
mehanizam koji pospješuje mitofagiju posredovanu receptorom. Stvaranjem homodimera,
BNIP3L/NIX receptor pojačano regrutira autofagosome. Kako bi se razjasnio mehanizam
dimerizacije, identificiran je serin na poziciji 212, kao najvažnija aminokiselina na Cterminalnom kraju BNIP3L/NIX receptora odgovorna za dimerizaciju. Eksperimentalno je
pokazano da fosforilacija serina 212 sprječava stvaranje dimera BNIP3L/NIX receptora.
Pretraživanjem literature definirane su potencijalne fosfataze C-terminalnog kraja receptora
BNIP3L/NIX, a među njima je bila i fosfataza PGAM5 čije se djelovanje nastojalo istražiti.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio otkriti ima li PGAM5 ulogu u defosforilaciji serina 212 što bi
razjasnilo jedan od mehanizama regulacije mitofagije. Metodama pull-down i
koimunoprecipitacije analizirana je interakcija fosfataze PGAM5 s fuzioniranim proteinom
EGFP-BNIP3L/NIX i njegovim mutantama BNIP3L/NIX-S212A i BNIP3L/NIX-S212E.
Dobiveni rezultati dokazali su interakciju receptora BNIP3L/NIX s fosfatazom PGAM5.Previous research has shown that dimerization of the BNIP3L/NIX recepotr is a molecular
mechanism that promotes receptor-mediated. Formation of a BNIP3L/NIX homodimer
increases recruitment of mitochondria to autophagosomes. To elucidate the mechanism of
dimerization, serine at position 212 was identified as the most important amino acid at the Cterminal end of the BNIP3L/NIX for dimerization. It was shown that serine 212
phosphorylation prevents the formation of BNIP3L/NIX dimers. By searching the literature,
potential phosphatases of the C-terminal end of the BNIP3L/NIX receptor were defined, and
among them was the PGAM5 phosphatase, whose activity was investigated in this master
thesis. The aim of this research was to find whether PGAM5 has a role in the dephosphorylation
of serine 212, which would clarify one of the mechanisms of mitophagy regulation. The
interaction of the phosphatase PGAM5 with the fusion protein EGFP-BNIP3L/NIX and its
mutants BNIP3L/NIX-S212A and BNIP3L/NIX-S212E was analyzed using pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation. The results have shown that BNIP3L/NIX is interacting with
phosphatase PGAM5
Influence of the central donor atom on the stereochemistry of metal complex with bis(2-pyridine-2-ylmethyl)amine and 2,2'-iminodiacetamide ligands
No full textU okviru ovog diplomskog rada proučavana je stereokemija ML2 kompleksa analoga
bis(piridin-2-ilmetil)amina i 2,2'-iminodiacetamida. Ispitan je utjecaj središnjeg donorskog
atoma na stabilnost izomera putem eksperimentalnog i računskog pristupa. U računalnom dijelu
modelirani su sustavi dvanaest odabranih liganada i četiriju dvovalentnih metalnih iona [Zn(II),
Cu(II), Ni(II) i Co(II)]. Dobiveno je ukupno 111 mogućih konformacija liganada, te 153 ML i
293 ML2 struktura kompleksa. Određena je relativna stabilnost izomera kao i pripadajuće
energije kompleksiranja za sve primjere. Sintetizirano je šest liganada, po 3 od svakog
ligandnog sustava. Kristalizacijskim eksperimentima dobiveno je ukupno dvanaest kristalnih
struktura; dva liganda, mer-ML kompleks, cis-fac-ML2, dva mer-ML2 i četiri trans-fac-ML2
kompleksa, kao i dva kokristala liganda sa solvatiranim metalnim ionima. U strukturama
kokristala uočen je zanimljiv motiv vodikovih veza. Rezultati istraživanja su uspoređeni i
iznesene su preference središnjih donorskih atoma ka određenim ML2 izomerima. Pokazano je
da kod sumpora i fosfora kao središnjih donorskih atoma mer-ML2 izomeri nisu stabilni.In this master thesis, the stereochemistry of ML2 metal complexes of bis(2-pyridine-2-
ylmethyl)amine and 2,2'-iminodiacetamide analogues was examined. The influence of the
central donor atom on the stability of ML2 isomers was studied using both computational and
experimental techniques. In the computational modelling, combinations of twelve chosen
ligands and four divalent metal ions [Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II)] were examined. In total,
structures of 111 ligand conformers and 153 ML and 293 ML2 metal complexes were
calculated. Relative stability of isomers and the corresponding complexation energies were
determined. In the experimental part, six ligands were prepared, three from each of the chosen
ligand families. Crystallization experiments afforded crystal structures of twelve compounds:
two ligands, one mer-ML complex, one cis-fac-ML2, two mer-ML2 and four trans-fac-ML2
complexes, as well as two cocrystals of ligands and solvated metal ions. In the crystal structures
of the two cocrystals, an interesting motif of hydrogen bonding was observed. The results were
compared and preferences of the central donor atoms towards specific ML2 isomers were
revealed. It was also shown that mer-ML2 isomers of phosphorus and sulfur containing ligands
are not stable
Influence of acid sites strength on conversion of methanol to olefines
No full textNa zeolitima strukturnih tipova FAU i MFI (ZSM-5) napravljene su modifikacije tijekom ili nakon sinteze kao bi se poboljšala njihova katalitička aktivnost. Pripremljeni uzorci su modificirani dodatkom mezoporoznog templata N,N,N-trimetilheksadekan-1-amonijeva bromida (CTAB) ili jetkani vodenom otopinom natrijeva hidroksida, kako bi se povećao broj mezopora u kristalima i olakšala difuzija reaktanata do aktivnog mjesta. Jakost aktivnog mjesta ugađana je kationskom zamjenom s ionima Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+ i Zn2+ (u vodenoj otopini i mehanokemijski). Utjecaj pojedinog metalnog kationa na broj i jakost Lewisovih i Brønstedovih kiselih mjesta u materijalu praćen je infracrvenom spektroskopijom u vakuumu pomoću adsorpcije probne molekule (deuterirani acetonitril). Broj pojedinih kiselih mjesta dobiven je integriranjem pojedinih krivulja nakon dekonvolucije spektra vezanog D3-acetonitrila, anjihova jakost određena je iz količine nakon zagrijavanja na 150, 200 i 300°C. Na odabranim uzorcima napravljeni su katalitički testovi konverzije metanola u olefine.Modifications during and after sythesis were made on FAU and MFI (ZSM-5) zeolite type samples in order to enhance their catalytic activity. Prepared samples were modified with mesoporosity template N,N,N-Trimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide (CTAB) or etched with water solution of sodium hydroxide to increase the volume of mesopores in crystals and faciliate diffusion of reactnats to the active site. The strength of active sites was modified by cationic exchange with Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions (in water solution and mechanochemicaly). Effect of metal cation on number and strength of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites was studied by infrared spectroscopy in vacuum with the adsorption of probe molecule (deuterated acetonitrile). The number of various types of acid sites was calculated from the integrated curves after deconvolution of spectra of adsorbed D3-acetonitrile, while their strength is determined after heating at 150, 200 and 300 °C. Catalytic tests of methanol to olefine conversion (MTO) were preformed on selected samples
Geochemical analysis of microbiologically treated red mud (Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
No full textCrveni mulj je industrijski otpad nastao tijekom proizvodnje aluminija (Al). Sadrži visoke koncentracije mnogih metala koji se iz njega mogu ekstrahirati ukoliko se primijene odgovarajuće metode. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utječe li aktivnost autohtonih bakterija izoliranih iz crvenog mulja na promjenu njegove geokemije. Eksperiment je trajao šest mjeseci, a geokemijske analize su u tom razdoblju provedene dva puta. Prije geokemijskih analiza uzorci su podvrgnuti žarenju. Provedena mineraloška analiza ukazuje na to da su dominantne faze böhmit, gibbsit, hematit, kalcit i kankrinit, da tretman žarenjem ne utječe na mineralogiju, no da bakterijska aktivnost uvjetuje pojavu novog minerala: weddellita. Geokemijske analize upućuju na to da je došlo do izluživanja promatranih metala pri posredstvu bakterija, ali zbog velikih odstupanja među mjerenjima nije moguće utvrditi koja kombinacija vode, hranjivog medija i bakterija osigurava najveću izluživost elemenata.Red mud is an industrial waste generated during the production of aluminum (Al). It contains high concentrations of many metals that can be extracted from it if appropriate methods are applied. The aim of this study was to determine whether the activity of autochthonous bacteria isolated from red mud affects the change in its geochemistry. The experiment lasted six months, and geochemical analyses were carried out twice during that period. Before the geochemical analyses, the samples were subjected to annealing. The conducted mineralogical analysis indicates that the dominant phases are böhmite, gibbsite, hematite, calcite and cancrinite, that the annealing treatment does not affect the mineralogy, but that bacterial activity conditions the appearance of a new mineral: weddellite. Geochemical analyses indicate that the observed metals were leached by bacteria, but due to large discrepancies between the measurements, it is not possible to determine which combination of water, nutrient medium and bacteria ensures the greatest leachability of elements
Millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) in caves and pits of the Velebit Mountain
No full textU svijetu je poznato oko 12 000 vrsta dvojenoga, a pretpostavlja se da ih ima preko 80 000. U
Hrvatskoj ih je preko 180 poznatih vrsta. U ovome radu je istraživana fauna dvojenoga špilja i jama
planine Velebit. Analiziran je i determiniran materijal iz zbirke Hrvatskog biospeleološkog društva
sakupljen na terenskim istraživanjima na području Velebita od 1998. do 2021. godine, kao i svi
dostupni literaturni podaci. Utvrđeno je 18 svojti. Prema ekološkoj klasifikaciji najmanje je utvrđeno
trogloksena (2%), nakon njih slijede troglofili (41%) i najbrojniji su troglobionti (57%). Prema
brojnosti, najviše je utvrđeno juvenilnih jedinki, zatim ženke pa mužjaci. Određivala se i konstantnost
i dominantnost za svaku svojtu te sastav vrsta prema visinskoj raspodjeli. Faunistički su najzanimljiviji
nalazi 4 nove svojte za znanost, dvije iz porodice Glomeridae, i po jedna iz porodice Attemsidae i
Julidae. Potrebno je nastaviti istraživanja te prikupiti novi materijal kako bi se novootkrivene svojte
taksonomski obradile i opisale.About 12 000 species of diplopods are known in the world, and it is assumed that there are
over 80 000 of them. In this master thesis, the fauna of diplopods in caves and pits of the
Velebit Mountain was researched. The material from the collection of the Croatian
Biospeleological Society collected during field research in the area of Velebit from 1998 to
2021 was analyzed and determined, as well as all available literature data. 18 taxa were
identified. According to the ecological classification, the least was determined trogloxenes
(2%), followed by troglophyla (41%) and troglobionts (57%). Juvenile species are the most
numerous, then are females and males. The constancy and dominance for each taxon were
also determined, as well as species composition according to height distribution. The most
interesting findings are 4 taxa new to science, two from the family Glomeridae, and one from
the families Attemsidae and Julidae. It is necessary to continue research and collect new
material in order to taxonomically process and describe the newly discovered taxa
THE IMPACT OF NITRATED MONOAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISATION IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS
No full textNitrirani monoaromatski ugljikovodici (NMAU) poput nitrofenola, nitrokatehola (NC) i nitrosalicilnih kiselina, atmosferske su organske onečišćujuće tvari koje taloženjem dospijevaju u prirodne vode. Ovim istraživanjem ispitani su: i) ekotoksikološki učinci NMAU identificirani u lebdećim česticama porijeklom iz izgaranja biomase i miješanih antropogenih izvora na različite razine biološke organizacije u vodenim sustavima, ii) utjecaj NMAU na kemijski sastav organske tvari mikroalge vrste Dunaliella tertiolecta i embrija ribe zebrice, te iii) utjecaj stvaranja kompleksa Cu(II)-NC na kroničnu toksičnost Cu(II) i NC u smjesi. In vitro biotestovi citotoksičnosti na ribljim stanicama, studije interakcija s fazama 0 i I staničnog detoksikacijskog mehanizma te in vivo biotestovi provedeni na slatkovodnim mikroalgama Scenedesmus subspicatus pokazali su značajan akutni i kronični toksični potencijal NMAU, te interakciju s proteinskim prijenosnicima riba zebrica važnih za fazu 0 stanične detoksikacije. Uz to, NMAU su promijenili lipidni sastav embrija ribe zebrice i inhibirali rast mikroalge Dunaliella tertiolecta. Kompleksiranje Cu(II)-NC, ovisno o koncentraciji, pokazuje da su ekotoksični učinci NC uvelike kontrolirani interakcijama s anorganskim komponentama vodenih ekosustava. Ovi rezultati su osobito važni s obzirom na očekivano povećanje atmosferskih koncentracija NMAU uslijed učestalijih šumskih požara izazvanih klimatskim promjenama, što posljedično može dovesti i do porasta njihove koncentracije u vodenim sustavima, čime se povećava prijetnja vodenim ekosustavima.Nitrated monoaromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs), such as nitrophenols, nitrocatechols (NCs), and nitrosalicylic acids, are atmospheric organic pollutants deposited into natural waters. In this study, we investigated: i) the ecotoxicological effects of NMAHs identified in aerosols from biomass burning and mixed anthropogenic sources at different levels of biological organization in aquatic systems, ii) their effects on the chemical composition of organic matter in the cells of the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta and in zebrafish embryos, and iii) the influence of Cu(II)-NCs complex formation on the chronic toxicity of Cu(II) and NCs in the mixture. In vitro cytotoxicity bioassays on fish cells, studies on interactions with phases 0 and I of the cellular detoxification mechanism, and in vivo bioassays using the freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus revealed a significant acute and chronic toxic potential of NMAHs, including inhibition of zebrafish protein transporters critical for phase 0 cellular detoxification. Additionally, NMAHs altered the lipid composition of zebrafish embryos and inhibited the growth of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta. The concentration-dependent complexation in the Cu(II)-NC mixtures suggested that the ecotoxic effects of NCs are strongly influenced by interactions with inorganic components in aquatic ecosystems. These findings are particularly important giving the expected increase in atmospheric NMAH concentrations due to more frequent forest fires caused by climate change, which will likely lead to higher levels of these pollutants in aquatic systems, thereby increasing the threat to aquatic ecosystems
Videoigra s edukativnim elementima neodvojivim od okruženja lika
No full textVideoigre su mnogima neizostavan dio života, a posebno su popularne među djecom. Zato je važno omogućiti da kroz igru ne samo uživaju, već i uče te razvijaju svoje kognitivne sposobnosti. Proces izrade videoigre obuhvaća brojne aspekte programiranja, a zahvaljujući suvremenim alatima, postaje sve jednostavniji.
U ovom radu razvijena je edukativna videoigra pod nazivom , čiji je cilj prolazak kroz labirint rješavanjem različitih matematičkih problema. Naglasak nije samo na navigaciji kroz labirint, već i na interakciji s okolinom putem matematičkih operacija, snalaženju u prostoru i strateškom planiranju. Igrač, kako bi napredovao, mora analizirati odnose brojeva na poljima, prilagođavati ih pazeći na bodovno stanje i donositi odluke o upravljanju resursima.
Tijekom razvoja igre bilo je potrebno riješiti brojne izazove, poput implementacije labirinta, određivanja putanja neprijatelja te osmišljavanja edukativnih mehanika koje su neodvojivo povezane s okruženjem lika. Projekt je uključivao i učenje novog programskog jezika, rad u , modeliranje u te rješavanje problema povezanih sa sustavom pitanja i upravljanjem pogreškama.Video games are an essential part of life for many people, especially children. Therefore, it is important to ensure that, through play, they not only enjoy themselves but also learn and develop their cognitive abilities. The process of creating a video game involves various aspects of programming, and thanks to modern tools, it is becoming increasingly simpler.
In this paper, an educational video game called (Mathematical Maze) was developed, with the goal of navigating through a maze by solving various mathematical problems. The emphasis is not only on navigating the maze but also on interacting with the environment through mathematical operations, spatial awareness, and strategic planning. To progress, the player must analyze numerical relationships on the grid, adjust their values while monitoring their score accordingly, and make decisions regarding resource management.
During game development, numerous challenges had to be addressed, such as implementing the maze, determining enemy paths, and designing educational mechanics that are closely integrated with the character environment. The project also involved learning a new programming language, working in , modeling in , and solving issues related to the question system and error handling