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Is All That Glitters A Network? Searching for The Boundaries of The Network Approach
No full textNetwork analysis has become a powerful tool in various fields. However, the increasing popularity comes with potential problems. Unfamiliarity with the characteristics of the systems under investigation complicates network model construction and interpretation of analysis outcomes. While these issues require special attention in studies that apply the increasingly complex higher-order connectivity models, similar problems are associated with all, even the most simple, network models. Alongside technical issues, network scientists face a philosophical question: can the network approach discover the fundamental nature of a system, on the one hand, and produce useful information, on the other hand. In this perspective, I review the potential problems of the network approach and propose two solutions to address them: active evaluation of the potential and limitations of the network framework before applying a network model and a transition toward an interdisciplinary research practice to interpret analysis outcomes in their right context
Ymmärtävä Lenin, sovintohalukas Stalin ja ankara Ždanov: Neuvostojohdon muuttuvat representaatiot suomalaisissa dokudraamoissa 1976–2006
No full textConversation Among 8–13-Year-Olds with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Semi-Structured Group Discussion Setting
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Digestion, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Plant Proteins and Their Food Formulations: A Systematic Scoping Review of Clinical Postprandial Studies and in vitro Methods
No full textPlant proteins are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to animal proteins, but their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and health effects remain underexplored. This review summarizes current knowledge on the digestion, metabolism, and health impacts of plant proteins, emphasizing clinical postprandial studies and in vitro methods. A systematic scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, identifying 98 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2023. Clinical studies showed that amino acid absorption and the increase in blood amino acid concentrations were slower after plant protein-based meals compared with animal-based meals. Plant proteins also tended to reduce glucose responses, especially when combined with fiber, and elicited varied gastrointestinal hormone responses. In vitro studies highlighted that protein digestibility is significantly influenced by the food matrix and processing methods. Both clinical and in vitro approaches offer complementary insights into plant protein metabolism. Strategies such as fermentation and heat treatment can enhance digestibility, supporting their role as viable, sustainable protein sources for adults. However, the role of gut microbiota in digestion and health outcomes remains largely overlooked. Additionally, more research is needed to understand the digestion of plant proteins in vulnerable populations, such as older adults
“The Scout Mass Makes Religious Practice Visible” A Survey on Local Group Leaders’ Perceptions of Religion’s Role in the Local Groups of the Lake Area Scouts and Guides
No full textWhich science matters? The role of biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science in shaping students’ environmental attitudes and behaviours
No full textPromoting environmental responsibility is a central aim of science education, as addressing today’s environmental challenges requires not only scientific knowledge but also attitudes and behaviours that support sustainable action. However, limited research has examined how different science disciplines contribute to students’ environmental attitudes and behaviours. Thus, this study investigates how secondary students’ knowledge, interest, and confidence in biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science relate to their environmental attitudes (preservation and utilisation) and self-reported environmental behaviours. Using structural equation modelling, we analyzed Finnish data (N = 5,880) from TIMSS 2023 to examine how cognitive and motivational factors in each science subject predict environmental outcomes. The findings reveal that biology plays a particularly important role: students’ knowledge, interest, and confidence in biology were consistently associated with stronger preservation attitudes and more responsible environmental behaviours. Chemistry also showed positive associations with preservation-oriented views and actions. In contrast, physics was more strongly linked to utilisation attitudes and showed mixed effects on behaviour. Earth science was associated with more utilisation-focused and less preservation-oriented views. These results suggest that science subjects shape students’ environmental perspectives in distinct ways, and not all disciplines equally promote environmental responsibility. Implications for science education and curriculum design are discussed
