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Rheumatology nurses' perspectives of automatic substitution of biological medicines in community pharmacies and its safety
No full textLutheranism in Finnish Society—From State Church to Social Resource
No full textThis chapter will explore the institutional life of Lutheranism in Finland and its relationship with contemporary Finnish culture and society. Lutheranism in Finland has deep historical roots, initially tied to the Swedish Empire and later playing a key role in the formation of Nordic nation-states. During the period when Finland was part of the Russian Empire, Lutheranism helped distinguish Finnish identity from Russian influence. Despite secularization, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF) has maintained its special status, serving as a resource for spiritual needs and even assisting in Finland’s international relations. The 21st century has been marked by increasing church disaffiliation and a shift toward individuality and equality. Recent debates have focused on gender equality in the priesthood and the status of same-sex marriages. However, the ELCF’s role in national identity has renewed support after the Russian invasion in Ukraine. Despite secular trends, two-thirds of Finns still belong to the ELCF
Cationic lipid -coated virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced mRNA delivery
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Non-stationary estimation of optical absorption in ultrasound-modulated diffuse optical tomography
No full textUltrasound-modulated diffuse optical tomography (US-DOT) is an emerging imaging modality where spatial distributions of optical parameters of an imaged target are estimated from measured near-infrared light modulated by a focused ultrasound through an acousto-optic effect. The use of acoustic modulation enables increased resolution when compared to conventional diffuse optical tomography. Generally, estimation methods in US-DOT have assumed stationary tissue properties, limiting their capability to capture temporal variations of the unknown optical parameters within biological tissues that can occur, for example, due to the time needed to scan with multiple ultrasound focuses. In this work, we aim to estimate the dynamic optical parameters of tissues by approaching the image reconstruction problem of US-DOT in the Bayesian framework for non-stationary estimation. We implemented two time-varying models: a random walk and a vector autoregression model. The approach was evaluated with numerical simulations for the difference (linear) and absolute (non-linear) imaging of absorption coefficients. The results were compared to a conventional approach where the state estimation model was not used. The results demonstrate that state estimation significantly improves the reconstruction of non-stationary targets in US-DOT, even if relatively simple time-evolution models are used