3855 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of high intensity interval exercise versus steady state exercise with similar energy expenditures on Epoc
No full textThe purpose of the study was to determine whether steady state exercise (SSE) or high intensity
interval exercise (HIIE) would better improve energy expenditure (EE) during 90 minutes of
excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) while attempting to match EE between both
exercise protocols. We also wanted to examine physiological changes during post exercise
measurements, which included VO2, RER, VE and HR. Twelve males aged between 19 and 24
were assigned to the SSE and HIIE conditions. A VO2max and a 30s-all-out sprint set at 150% of
maximum workload was performed on a cycling ergometer interspersed by 5 minutes to ensure
sufficient recovery time. Participants randomly completed SSE or HIIE followed by 90 minutes
of EPOC. A gross efficiency (GE) of 18% was used in order to best quantify the anaerobic
attributable EE during the HIIE in order to estimate total EE. Our results indicate that the HIIE
expended less EE than SSE and from our pre-test EE estimations (p<0.05). With that being said,
HIIE was able to generate a greater EE during EPOC in comparison to SSE, while utilizing more
grams of fat during post exercise measurements (p<0.05). There was no significant difference
between both protocols when adding exercise and EPOC EE. Physiological markers such as VO2
(L.min-1), VE (L.min-1) and HR were significantly greater in HIIE during EPOC. To conclude,
our findings indicate that HIIE is a time efficient workout able to expend more EE, utilize more
fat and have greater physiological responses during EPOC when compared to SSE
Effects of restoration on carbon storage in smelterimpacted industrial barrens
Get PDFLandscape carbon (C) storage is a key component of climate change mitigation. Globally,
industrial barrens cover large areas and their restoration can facilitate C storage in otherwise
under-utilized sites, while concomitantly enhancing numerous other ecosystem services. I
assessed how restoration of smelter impacted barren land enhanced C storage by studying a site
in Sudbury, Ontario near a former Ni and Cu metal smelter that ceased operation in 1972. The
site was treated by aerial liming, fertilizing, and grass and legume seeding in 1994-1997,
followed by jack pine (Pinus banksiana) planting in the upland areas in 1997-2001. Forty-five
0.1 ha size plots were selected across restored and untreated adjoining areas, 32 in exposed
upland industrial barrens and 13 in sheltered lowland valleys. The focus of my study was on
upland industrial barrens, which exhibited severe site conditions and little natural regrowth. I
measured the amount of C in coarse woody debris, fine woody debris, herbs, mineral soil,
organic soil (LFH layers), shrubs, and trees in each plot. Measures of wetness index, plant
species richness, soil metal concentrations, soil pH, distance from smelter, and elevation were
then used to assess factors affecting total ecosystem C storage.
In lowland valleys where no active tree planting occurred (only natural regeneration) the
treatments with lime, fertilizer, and grass and legume seed showed a 38% increase in C storage
(101.1 ± 5.5 Mg C ha-1 (mean ± S.E.)) compared to untreated lowland plots (73.3 ± 5.9 Mg C ha1
). In upland areas where growing conditions were more severe (i.e., thin soils, low moisture),
tree C increased from 0.5 ± 0.4 Mg C ha-1 in areas of natural regeneration to 19.3 ± 1.4 Mg C ha-1
following liming, fertilizing, seeding, and tree-planting. There was no significant difference in
total C storage in untreated reference plots (36.1 ± 8.4 Mg C ha-1) compared to limed, fertilized,
seeded, and tree-planted plots (58.2 ± 4.4 Mg C ha-1), likely due to variable site conditions across the landscape. Wetness index, plant species richness, and soil bioavailable metal concentrations
were the best predictors of C storage in upland industrial barrens, with the best model explaining
64% of variance in C storage. Overall, mineral soil remained the largest C pool in both the
uplands (53%) and the lowlands (40%). The forests in my study were not mature, so C storage is
expected to continue to increase in the future. My findings demonstrate that soil amendments and
tree planting can increase tree C storage in industrial barrens, but site characteristics, particularly
wetness, are key to the rate of total C accumulation. C storage in less disturbed lowland valleys
also benefitted from restoration. Well-designed restoration efforts that optimize C storage in
globally extensive industrial barrens can therefore sequester C and may in turn assist in climate
change mitigation
kitche migawap âcimowin = Tipi tectonics: building as medicine
No full textThe exploration of the Cree Tipi’s construction and structure is investigated to reveal precolonial tectonics that will be implemented into a building design by interweaving traditional
knowledge and technical applications. The research is to propose alternate building practices
as a strategy to implement Cree cultural significance into building construction to promote
Indigenous health. The documentation is guided by Cree oral histories (stories) from my
Indigenous heritage, originating from Montreal Lake Cree Nation in the Boreal Forest region
of Saskatchewan. Indigenous tectonics are explored by deconstructing the Tipi through
Gottfried Semper’s Four Elements of Architecture. The method of unearthing or discovery is
explored through a series of drawings. Tipi tectonics establish a framework to better understand
the differences between non-Indigenous and Indigenous construction and methodologies of
health. Indigenous knowledge will develop strategies to implement Indigenous design and
ways of healing into a final building design
Improving classification performance of cancer microarray data using hybridization of binary grey wolf and particle swarm optimization
Get PDFIn this study, we have proposed hybridization of binary grey wolf Optimization and particle swarm
optimization (BGWOPSO) method and we compared this hybrid optimization method with
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Binary Grey Wolf Optimization (BGWO). We have used
five significantly different classifier such as K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine
(SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF).
Furthermore, we have used ratio comparison validation for the 10-folds cross-validation method
for feature selection methods. Data sets such as Leukemia, Breast Cancer, and Liver Cancer are
used to apply the combinations and measure accuracy as well as the area under ROC. Moreover,
the results show that Hybrid optimization method (BWOPSO), significantly outperformed the both
binary grey wolf optimization (BGWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, when
using several performance measures including accuracy, selecting the best optimal features.
Secondly, combinations of classifier and feature pre-processing method significantly improve the
accuracy. Lastly, the AUC value is been displayed in this study
Compositional and textural analysis of host-rock diamictite matrix at the Kakula copper deposit, Democratic Republic of Congo
Get PDFThe Kakula deposit is a high-grade sedimentary-rock-hosted Cu deposit (628 Mt, 2.72%
Cu indicated resource, 1% cut-off) ~10 km south of the Kamoa deposit (759 Mt, 2.57%
Cu indicated resource, 1% cut-off) in the central African copperbelt, Democratic
Republic of Congo. Copper-sulphide ore (chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite) at Kakula is
predominantly disseminated in the fine-grained matrix of clast-poor (≤20% clasts ≥2
mm) subaqueous debrite (diamictite), at the base of the nearly flat-lying midNeoproterozoic “grand conglomérat” (Mwale formation). Scanning electron microscopy
was used to document matrix texture and composition to develop a matrix paragenesis,
recorded in five phases of the matrix evolution: sedimentation, pre-ore diagenesis, mainore mineralisation, post-ore alteration, and weak tectonism. The ore-zone matrix is
porous, up to 12.5%, and consists of clay- to silt-sized muscovite, quartz, chlorite, Kfeldspar, dolomite, and biotite, whereas least-altered matrix, several hundred metres
above copper-sulphide mineralisation, consists of clay- to silt-sized quartz, albite,
chlorite, K-feldspar, calcite, and dolomite. Copper-sulphide precipitation is
contemporaneous with chlorite and biotite (+/- hematite, quartz, and K-feldspar) and fit in
a paragenetic sequence between diagenetic pyrite (± Fe-dolomite) and later muscovite.
Hematite is ore-stage and most abundant in areas containing chalcocite. Areas of mm- to
cm-scale “aligned” matrix (nearly vertical microfabric of aligned, elongated grains)
consists of a higher abundance of muscovite, locally elongated copper-sulphides, and a
lower concentration of copper than non-aligned matrix, suggesting that copper-sulphide
development pre-dated fabric development and that copper-sulphide grains were later dissolved and possibly remobilised. Although determining the original mineralogy and
texture of the diamictite matrix is challenging, the depositional matrix characteristics
(clast-rich versus clast-poor diamictite) and the availability of reactive agents (e.g.,
diagenetic pyrite) may have been important controls on copper grade and distribution.
More work is required to constrain the absolute timing of mineralisation, which is a
major debate at Kakula and Kamoa
Mauer-Frei : generating transformation at the Berlin-Brandenburg border
No full textWhether architectural or urban in scale, the basic building element
of the wall is invariably a product of its sociopolitical context. While often
deceptively simple in form, walls embody complex political maneuvering and
perpetuate tremendous divisive power. A striking instance of this at a large
scale was the descent of the Iron Curtain across Europe, which, through the
aggressive imposition of walls, literally and metaphorically concretized the
ideological contention between democracy and communism in the twentieth
century. Taking Berlin as a vivid case through which to investigate the legacy
of this polarizing divider, this thesis offers a timely reflection on the potential
and relevance of subverting the inherent divisiveness of walls. Titled MauerFrei (or, “Wall-Free”), this thesis project advances an antithetical elaboration
on the restrictive and imposing influence of the Berlin Wall and positively
engages those traversing the zone demarcated by the former DreilindenDrewitz (East) and Checkpoint Bravo (West) border crossings
Supporting child survivors of trauma at school: depathologizing behaviour and educating teachers
No full textChildhood trauma is a substantial concern in our education system in Ontario, as it has
been noted that approximately 32% (Afifi et al., 2014) to 36% (Findlay & Sutherland, 2014) of
Canadian adults report that they were exposed to abuse as children. Trauma can have significant
impact on a child’s learning (Vasilevski & Tucker, 2016), behaviour (Greeson et al., 2014), and
wellness (Roberts, Ferguson, & Crusto, 2013), and puts them at an increased risk of being
retraumatized or further punished in schools due to the Western education system relying on the
behavioural model (Costa, 2017). A 450-hour social work practicum was completed with the
Mental Health Team at the Sudbury Catholic District School Board (SCDSB) as a partial
requirement of the Laurentian University MSW program. This practicum project report employs
structural and anti-oppressive social work perspectives and a trauma theory lens to undergo an
exploration into: (a) what trauma-informed practices (TIPs) and primary models are used by the
SCDSB to inform their practice in supporting students who have been exposed to trauma, (b) to
what extent school-based social work in this setting reflects certain models that function to
further harm child survivors of trauma, such as the behavioural model, and its relationship to
understanding student experiences through the lens of trauma, and (c) how trauma theory can be
used to establish alternatives to pathologization in regards to children within schools who have
experienced trauma. Trauma-informed professional development lunch-and-learns were
presented to teaching staff in four schools as the intervention provided during this practicumMaster of Social Work (MSW
Prediction of cancer for microarray and DNA methylation data with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and machine learning methods
No full textOver the past few years, there has been a massive spread of microarray technology in many
biological patterns particularly pertaining to certain diseases like leukaemia, prostate cancer,
etc. Over the years there have been numerous mathematical techniques which have been
applied on microarray data and group them into clusters to show a similar pattern for
expression. One hurdle in the proper understanding of such datasets is that they are very large
and thus for an efficient and effective means of studying the same, we need to reduce their
dimensions by a very large extent. In this thesis, we’ve exploited the matrix-like structure of
such microarray data and then use a popular technique called Non-Negative Matrix
Factorisation (NMF) which is used for dimensionality reduction primarily in the field of
biological data. The approach not only transforms the data into a form easily readable by
reducing its dimensions but also allows for clustering in the end in order to get accuracy
measures for the same. In this thesis, we have applied different NMF algorithms to five
different datasets for obtaining matrices with a reduced number of features. Out of the five,
two are methylation datasets while the other three are ordinary cancer microarray datasets.
Some other results like the heat-maps for the matrices were also obtained. We’ve also
compared the accuracy of the NMF algorithm with a more conventional PCA algorithm for
different dimensions and the results showed that in case of NMF a higher accuracy was
observed across all the three datasets. A total of four different classifiers which are: Random
Forest, SVM, KNN and ANN were also used to check the classification accuracy after
application of NMF while comparing the same with PCA algorithm
Evaluation of the thermal impact from battery packs from electrical vehicles in underground mining environment
No full textOne of the main aspects which governs the size of ventilation facilities in underground mines
is the amount of heat load generated in the underground environment. This heat load comes from many
different sources, one of which is the heat contributed by underground diesel machinery operation.
One strategy to mitigate the heat and other emissions from such equipment is to substitute these units
to similar performance, but more thermally efficient, electric machinery. This study presents a heat load evaluation of the Lithium-iron Phosphate battery system used
in a prototype electric mining vehicle. The set of equations which governs the heat generation from
these devices have been developed by previous researchers and is used in this thesis to calculate the
heat generation and loss. However, in the mining industry, the current methodology for heat load
calculation from electric vehicles (EVs) is usually based on the rated power or on a simple power loss
equation. This strategy might lead to incorrect estimations of the heat load from this type of machinery.
Experimental and simulation work has been conducted as a means to evaluate the heat flux
from the Lithium-iron Phosphate battery system. The battery was tested through charging and
discharging it under different levels of current within the 10% to 90% range of its maximum capacity.
The test was performed firstly with a single cell and then with a module. Furthermore, the battery
system was set in operation under different environment temperature settings. These current and
temperature levels represent the range of possible conditions in which the prototype will face in service.
Through the estimation of the heat released from the other main electrical components in the vehicle,
it was possible to calculate the heat impact of these units in the surrounding environment
The effect of ostensive practices on the relationship to knowledge in swimming teaching: two case studies
No full textCette recherche s’intéresse aux pratiques ostensives de deux enseignants d’Education
Physique et Sportive (EPS) dans l’activité natation en Tunisie. Son but est d’analyser les
formes ostensives et de dégager leurs effets sur le rapport au savoir. La méthodologie de
cette recherche est qualitative. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre scientifique de la didactique
clinique de l’EPS et sur l’analyse clinique des pratiques enseignantes des enseignants
expérimentés et débutants afin d’entrevoir « le cas par cas » et le sujet singulier (Terrisse,
1999). Les situations didactiques ont été décrites à partir de l’enregistrement audio et
vidéo de séances et de données d’entretiens. Le recueil et l’analyse de données
s’inscrivent dans une temporalité construite en un seul temps de l’action professorale :
l’épreuve (Terrisse, 2000). Nous faisons le choix de nous focaliser sur l’échelle des
ostensions des savoirs (Robert, 2012). L’analyse de l’épreuve nous a permis de
constater que ces deux enseignants mettent en scène leur propre rapport au savoir
dans les situations d’enseignements qu’ils proposent à leurs étudiants, mais chacun
avec son degré d’expérience personnelle. Ces résultats mettent en évidence que la
forme d’ostension utilisée par l’enseignant d’EPS est révélatrice du rapport au savoir
en natation