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Resilience and attentional biases: what you see may be what you get
No full textResearch suggests that, during stress, resilient individuals use positive emotion regulation
strategies and experience a greater number of positive emotions than those who are less resilient.
Therefore, differences could be expected in attentional biases towards emotional stimuli based
on resilience. The current study investigated attentional biases towards neutral, negative and
positive images in response to varying levels of resilence and mood induction conditions
(neutral, negative and positive). Sixty participants viewed a series of pre and post-mood
induction slides in order to measure attentional biases to emotional stimuli. The study provided
evidence for the presence of trait and state congruent attentional biases. More resilient
individuals demonstrated an initial bias towards positive stimuli and once emotion was aroused,
the bias was away from negative stimuli. Additionally, mood congruent attentional biases were
observed for participants induced into positive and negative mood states. Implications as they
apply to research and clinical practice are discussed
Teamwork and staffing in an acute care hospital
No full textThe literature suggests that teamwork among patient care teams can have positive effects on work environment, job satisfaction, and quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived level of nursing teamwork by registered nurses, registered practical nurses, personal support workers, and unit clerks working on patient care teams in one acute tertiary care hospital in northern Ontario, and to determine if there is a relationships between the staff scores on the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) and participant perception of adequate staffing. Using a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional research design, 600 staff were invited to complete the NTS with a 33% response rate (N=200). The participants from the critical care unit reported the highest scores on the NTS, while participants from the inpatient surgical (IPS) unit reported the lowest scores. Participants from the IPS unit also reported less experience, less satisfaction in their current position, and a higher intention to leave. No statistically significant correlation was found between scores on the NTS and the perception of adequate staffing. Strategies to increase teamwork among patient care teams may positively influence job satisfaction and patient care on patient care units
The effect of a six-week whole body vibration training protocol on the physical capacities and fatigability of overweight young female adults
No full textWhole body vibration (WBV) training is a relatively new training technique and is considered low intensity as it elicits non-voluntary muscle contractions generated by mechanical vibrations. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week WBV training paradigm on the physical capacities and fatigability of overweight young female adults. We hypothesized that WBV would increase fat free mass as well as leg power and strength, decrease the fatigue index of the lower limbs during the Wingate test, increase fatigue resistance, improve neuromuscular efficiency and decrease fatigue perception in overweight young female adults.
Participants (n=24) were overweight young female adults (body fat percentage 30-35) between the ages of 20 and 40 and were randomized into 2 groups; control group (CON; n=10) or whole body vibration group (VIB; n=14). This study consisted of six weeks of training and four testing sessions: 2 before (sessions 1 & 2) and 2 following (sessions 3 & 4) the training regimen. During testing sessions 1 and 3, the basal metabolic rate, body composition, leg power (Wingate), elasticity index (EI), squat and countermovement jumps and fatigue perception (questionnaires) were assessed for all subjects. Isokinetic tests to measure strength and muscle fatigue tests were performed during testing sessions 2 and 4. The training protocol lasted 6 weeks and exercises were performed 3 times a week. Sessions lasted 30 minutes and entailed 15 sets of 1-minute exercises followed by 1-minute rest intervals. One set consisted of 15 controlled and timed squats (15 flexion and extension per minute). The VIB group performed their exercises on the power Plate® pro 6. Vertical vibration amplitude settings were kept on low (2mm) throughout the entire 6 weeks and set at a frequency of 30Hz for weeks 1-3 and increased to 35Hz for weeks 4-6. The CON group performed the same exercises without vibration.
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The results revealed that a 6-week WBV training regimen had no effect on body composition or basal metabolic rate. WBV training did not affect EI as evidenced by similar squat jump and countermovement jump measures for both the CON and VIB groups. WBV training had no effect on leg power as measured using the Wingate ergocycle. The Wingate test did show a decrease in the fatigue index for both groups (p˂0.05). Unexpectedly, a decrease in strength was found in extension phase during the eccentric contractions (120°/s) and flexion phase during concentric contractions (120°/s and 180°/s). As there were no changes in fat free mass, it seems that the reduction in strength was due to central changes. The fatigue rate represented by regression slopes showed that the VIB group was more fatigue resistant post training compared to the CON group. Fatigue perception as measured using a multidimensional approach with questionnaires (FSS, MFI and SHARP) revealed no changes in fatigability for either group.
To conclude, this study demonstrated that WBV training in overweight young female adults had minimal effects on the physical capacities and fatigability of our subjects. Higher intensity vibration parameters, a longer training regimen or individualized vibration parameters may have greater benefits for overweight subjects and should be considered in future studies