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Survival analysis approaches for prostate cancer.
No full textSurvival time has become an essential outcome of clinical trial, which began to emerge among the latter half of the 20th century. A present study was carried out on the survival analysis for patients with prostate cancer. The data was obtained from Memorial Sloan Kettering where each sample was collected from the recipients of the treatment of radical prostatectomy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain and estimate the survival function and median time among the primary and metastatic tumor of prostate cancer. Results showed that the metastatic tumor has a poor survival rate compared to the primary tumor, which give us a hint that primary tumor has a higher probability of surviving. The log-rank test was used to test the differences in the survival curves. The results showed that the difference in survival rate between the patients of the two groups of tumor was significant with a p-value of 4.44e-15. The second approach was based on the efficiency of cox proportional hazards model and parametric model. Some criteria of residuals were used for judging the goodness of fit among the candidate models. The cox proportional hazard (PH) model provided an effective covariate on the hazard function. As a result of cox PH model, the influence of standard clinical prognostic factors is based on the hazard rate of prostate cancer patients. These prognostic factors are: prostate specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, tumor size, Secondary Gleason grade, and Gleason score which is helpful to determine the treatment. The Gleason score [HR 4.835, 95% CI 2.7847- 8.3937, p=2.20E-08] has the most significant progression-associated prognosticators and reveal to be an effective criteria leading to death in prostate cancer. The Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) was applied to the data with four distortions. AFT with Weibull distortions was chosen to be the best model for our data by testing the AIC
Distinguer la peur de la surprise indépendamment du processus d’interprétation : un examen de l’hypothèse des limites perceptuelles et attentionnelles
No full textFASD: moving toward sustainable assessment and support services in Ontario.
No full textNeurological, physical and developmental impairments resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) fall along a spectrum and under the umbrella term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). It is important to understand that FASD is in fact, brain damage. These disorders and their variations are complicated and often misunderstood. This often results in distressing outcomes, such as failed school experiences, trouble with the law, strained relationships, and home and placement breakdowns. The circumstances are often made worse by the lack of reliable screening, assessment and effective support services available to individuals and families across Ontario.
This qualitative study explored the impact of PAE, the assessment and support capacity within Ontario and ministry mandates that guide service provision in the areas of health, mental health, education and justice. An integrative review of the literature was undertaken and the results found that there are significant gaps in the current service delivery systems, but there are mandates that present viable options to consider in order to address the gaps and improve the circumstances for those affected by PAE. The findings led to three recommendations that address cross sectorial collaborations, policy development for FASD informed approaches, as well as professional development and prevention efforts. The implications for the field of social work are also presented.Master of Social Wor
Gender and personality correlates influence on attitudes towards the elderly in indigenous
No full textPrevious literature indicates that there are cultural differences in attitudes towards the elderly; however there are very few if any that examine Indigenous peoples of Canada’s attitudes towards the elderly. The current study aims to understand the influence of gender and personality factors on attitudes towards the elderly. The Kogan’s attitude towards old people scale and Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor measures were used. Results indicated that Indigenous people have positive attitudes towards the elderly. There was no significant difference between genders. Low tension was the only predictive factor for positive attitudes towards the elderly; and vigilance was the only correlated variable with Kogan negative valance items.Undergraduate Honours Thesi
Étude normative des erreurs orthographiques relevant de l’anglais produites par des élèves franco-ontariens vivant en situation linguistique minoritaire
No full text
Surviving to thriving terminology and family reactions to disability a literature review
No full textThis
literature
review
examined
the
theories
and
models
surrounding
the
topic
of
family
reaction
to
disability.
Five
models
were
assessed
in
terms
of
their
structure
and
their
terminology.
An
historical
review
has
been
provided
to
give
context
for
the
models
under
examination.
Concerns
with
terminology
used
include
the
application
of
the
words
adjustment
and
coping
within
Patterson’s
(1988)
Family
Adjustment
and
Adaptation
Response
model
(FAAR),
as
well
as
the
applicability
of
the
construct
of
resilience
to
the
FAAR
(Patterson,
2002).
The
relationship
between
theories
was
also
discussed
with
the
FAAR
and
Scorgie,
Wilgosh
and
Sobsey’s
(2004)
Transformational
Outcomes
model
found
to
be
the
most
complementary
La pensée critique et son développement lors de la formation: défis observés en sciences infirmières
No full textDans le domaine de la santé, les professionnels sont appelés tous les jours à utiliser leurs habiletés afin de bien comprendre les problématiques et les particularités des rencontres avec les clients . Le développement de la pensée critique fait partie de la formation académique (Borglin et Fagerström, 2012 ; Murphy, 2012 ; Sullivan, 2012) et elle représente un défi majeur pour les étudiants qui n’ont pas été habitués à réfléchir de cette manière et à examiner chaque situation afin d’en saisir mieux les tenants et les aboutissants. Cette question de défi est soulevée dans les références de littérature effectuée par Dahlke, et collaborateurs (2012) sur le rôle du professeur clinique. Dans une étude de Borglin et Fagerström (2012), un participant souligne l’importance des travaux académiques affirmant: « I guess the formality of academic writing is needed for it to be regarded as scientific » (p. 358). Le présent texte se veut être une présentation des travaux écrits et des travaux cliniques, entre autres en sciences infirmières pour initier les étudiants à la réflexion critique.
Dans le présent texte, nous définirons la pensée critique. Par la suite, nous nous attarderons aux défis reliés à la lecture de textes et à leur compréhension en lien avec la pensée critique. Nous discuterons de diverses activités comme le journal de bord et du travail clinique en utilisant des exercices de réflexion et des échanges pour favoriser l’apprentissage et la pensée critique des étudiants
The use of packed sphere modelling for airflow and heat exchange analysis in broken or fragmented rock
No full textAirflow and heat exchange characterizations through large bodies of fragmented rock in mines, such as those at Creighton and Kidd Creek Mines, reveal them to be still fundamentally only empirical in nature. Analysis of the accepted methods for the design and understanding of geometric properties such as the heat exchange area or the length or shape of airflow passages known to affect heat transfer in, for example, heat exchanger design do not appear in the ‘design’ equations for those bodies of broken rock. This thesis couples a method of discontinuum porous media modelling (referred to as a packed sphere model, abbreviated PSM) with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to develop a proxy methodology for analysis of porous media that incorporates variables of airflow, heat transfer, and geometry (including porosity and tortuosity). Material property values for equivalent continuum fluid dynamics models are established and are found to follow formulations for airflow branches used in mine ventilation network analysis. Laboratory experiments of airflow and heat transfer with the PSMs were compared to CFD results for the same models on a 1:1 scale, to verify the approach and CFD results. Three separate approaches were investigated for the scaling of the results of the PSMs for use in large scale (~1km3) CFD simulations of industrial situations. The result of the work presented in this thesis is a verified methodology for establishing CFD airflow and heat transfer parameters for large bodies of broken and fragmented rock from knowledge of the particle size distribution parameters or the body porosity. The application of the methodology is illustrated with reference to the so-called Natural Heat Exchange Area at Creighton Mine, Sudbury, Ontario
Expression, subcellular localization and functional characterization of RBM5 and RMB10 during the differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts (skeletal myogenesis)
No full textRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a highly regulated, evolutionarily conserved and
functionally distinct family of proteins involved in key RNA metabolic processes. The
RNA-binding motif protein RBM5 is an anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, putative tumor
suppressor. A paralogue of RBM5, RBM10, which shares 50% identity with RBM5,
functions in development. RBM5 and RBM10 are spliceosomal components involved in
alternative splicing. RBM5 and RBM10 are ubiquitously expressed with higher levels in
muscle (heart and skeletal) and pancreas. Most of the studies on RBM5 and RBM10 have
been focused on cancer cells. Several factors such as 1) abundance in muscle, 2)
developmental and temporal regulation, 3) alternative splicing activity and 4) association
with functional events related to muscle development led us to hypothesize that both
RBM5 and RBM10 are involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. The mechanism of
action through which these two RBPs effect differentiation is hypothesized to involve
alternative splicing of muscle differentiation-specific mRNAs. RBM5 and RBM10
expression and intracellular distribution was analyzed during muscle differentiation in the
C2C12 murine model using qPCR, end-point PCR, immunoblotting and confocal
microscopy. Also, RBM5 and RBM10 levels were transiently down-regulated using
siRNA either separately and/or together and the associated changes in cell phenotype,
expression of myogenic proteins plus a few alternative splicing events were analyzed. We
observed a decrease in RBM5 and RBM10 protein expression levels in the differentiated
myotubes compared to the myoblasts and myocytes, which indicates a time-dependent
potential regulatory role during differentiation. Further, changes in RBM5 and RBM10
protein expression without modulating the levels of mRNA variants suggests posttranscriptional
and/or post-translational regulation. Stage-specific differential localization
suggests multiple functions related to mRNA biogenesis. RBM5-depleted cells showed a
reduction in the total cell number during differentiation, and exhibited a delay in
differentiation, fusion and maturation with down-regulated expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). This implies that RBM5 is necessary to maintain the cell
population to execute the myogenic differentiation process in a timely manner. RBM10-
depleted cells showed an increase in total cell number immediately after transfection, and exhibited a delay in differentiation with a decrease in inclusion of exon 11 in Dtna
mRNA. This indicates that RBM10 is required to maintain the necessary cell population
before induction and acts as a splicing regulator during differentiation. RBM5- and
RBM10- depleted cells differentiated and matured slowly, and had an increase in Mef2c γ
exon inclusion. Therefore, these two RBPs are associated with the alternative splicing of
Mef2cγ during differentiation. This is the first study to analyze the expression and the
function of these two RBPs in a murine skeletal muscle differentiation model, and has
implicated them in myogenesis, paving a way for further characterization. Future studies
can investigate the involvement of RBM5 and RBM10 in disease states such as muscular
dystrophy and rhabdomyosarcomas, given the known functions of RBPs in tumorigenesis
in other cell types