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William G. 'Reindeer' Walton and the face of adversity in Canada's North, 1892-1928
No full text“Chapter 1: Historiography” provides the reader with an overview of the work of historians who have written about missionaries, and highlights in particular three main themes: the northern missionary experience, the role of Indigenous and Métis women in the fur trade, and the position of the Federal Government on mission projects and the future of Indigenous people in Canada. “Chapter Two: William G. Walton: An English Missionary in Canada’s North” explores Walton’s experiences as a missionary adjusting to the northern climate and his initial attempts to connect with the people. This chapter briefly introduces the reader to the Spencers, Walton’s in-laws, and their impact on him as an Anglican missionary. There is great detail about some of Walton’s notable achievements, including his work in creating the ‘Eskimo-English’ Dictionary. Also, this chapter displays the shift in the missionary approach in Canada during the early-twentieth century and how this affected the outcome of mission work. “Chapter Three: Daisy and William, a Team Effort” makes extensive use of the correspondence the couple maintained while apart from each other. Daisy was a Métis woman who grew up in the fur trade and spoke Cree. Her skills and life experience proved to be a valuable asset to Walton as he became better trained to work with the Cree and Inuit during his mission work. In letters from the CMS and articles from The Globe, Daisy is said to deserve equal credit to Walton for the work in Fort George and Great Whale River. Lastly, “Chapter Four: The Reindeer Project,” is dedicated to Walton’s last great triumph as a missionary: his recognition of the starving and dying Inuit in Great Whale River and further north. He believed their only salvation would be the domestication of reindeer to make the communities sustainable as they had previously been. This endeavour was the result of almost fifteen years of work with moments of victory as well as disappointment. Walton spread his message across not only Canada, but also across the ocean to his homeland in hopes to rally support and the attention for this grand plan to save hundreds of Indigenous people in Canada. By exploring these three aspects of Walton’s career: his mission work, his collaboration with Daisy, and his reindeer campaign; this essay maintains that he represented an earlier approach to missionary work that relied on mediation rather than assimilation, and was out of harmony with the agenda of the Department of Indian Affairs in the early-twentieth century
Jugement des microexpressions faciales émotionnelles chez les individus anxieux
No full textDans la littérature, il est prédit qu’une personne ayant un score plus élevé au niveau du trait d’anxiété démontre une plus grande attention à des stimuli menaçants ou négatifs comparativement aux stimuli positifs ou neutres. La présente étude cherche à examiner si les individus avec un trait d’anxiété élevé sont meilleurs à juger l’authenticité des sourires qui contiennent des microexpressions, comparativement aux individus avec un trait d’anxiété faible. On cherche également à évaluer s’il y a des différences entre ces deux groupes au sujet des connaissances explicites à propos de l’émotion sous-jacente. Les participants sont exposés à 96 images présentées au hasard, dont 48 sourires authentiques et 48 sourires de masquages avec traces d’émotions négatives (colère dans les yeux et sourcils, colère dans la bouche, dégoût, peur, tristesse dans les yeux et sourcils et tristesse dans la bouche). Ils doivent ensuite répondre si l’expression présentée est vraiment joyeuse ou pas vraiment joyeuse. Dans le cas d’une réponse « pas vraiment joyeux », la même image est présentée et les participants doivent dire si une autre émotion est présente ainsi que nommer l’émotion. Lorsqu’on évalue la proportion de bonnes réponses, les résultats démontrent que tous les participants, peu importe leur niveau d’anxiété, ont une proportion de bonnes réponses plus élevées pour les sourires authentiques que pour tous les sourires de masquages. Par contre, les individus avec une anxiété élevée sont significativement moins précis avec les visages de masquage dont il y a des microexpressions de colère dans les sourcils, de dégoût, de peur, de tristesse dans les sourcils et sont marginalement moins précis, lorsque le sourire masque la tristesse dans la bouche. De plus, tous les participants, peu importe leur niveau d’anxiété, sont moins bons à nommer la peur que le dégoût. Ils sont aussi moins bons à nommer la peur que la tristesse, peu importe si la tristesse se trouve au niveau de la bouche ou au niveau des yeux et sourcils.Undergraduate These
Effect of Grain Boundaries on the Vibrational Properties of Phononic Crystals
No full textMRS Advances © 2017 Materials Research SocietyThe influence of grain boundaries on the vibrational properties of nanoscale phononic crystals is studied with the help of molecular dynamics simulations. The low-frequency vibrational density of states of phononic crystals made from single crystal and polycrystalline silicon are derived from the simulations. The results show that the presence of grain boundaries leads to an increase of the density of states and a change of its peak structure at low frequencies. Calculations of the band structure of the model systems along one direction reveal that the grain boundaries affect the bands differently and in a non-uniform manner.Laurentian University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [grant number 371446-11
Exploring for copper–gold deposits exhibiting a wide range of conductivities with time–domain electromagnetics at Opemiska, Canada
No full textFinding and delineating new economic Cu-Au ore zones corresponding to poorly conductive disseminated mineralization and narrow massive chalcopyrite veins in the Chapais-Chibougamau mining district of Québec is a challenging exploration problem. The site of the former Opemiska underground mine was the location for conducting an experimental ground time-domain electromagnetics (EM) survey for mapping the conductivity, the anisotropy of the conductivity, and the chargeability estimated from shape reversals. Measurements at fourteen different sites confirmed the variability of the EM response. The trends, sizes, shapes and conductances of the relatively strong conductors were identified with success and modelled using thin plates in full space. The vein direction in the weakly conductive zones was quantified from the x-component data. Petrophysical measurements and microscopic observations suggest complex interrelations between the amount of ore, the fabric of the rock, texture, mineralogical associations and impurities. This explains a wide range of bulk conductivity values ~0.01 S/m to 4000 S/m measured on rock samples and also suggests that chalcopyrite might be a semiconductor at some locations at Opemiska
Les perceptions à l’égard du français parlé en Ontario
No full textCette recherche tente de déterminer si les jugements vis-à-vis le français parlé au Canada en général existent toujours. Est-ce que les gens croient toujours que la norme standard du français est celle de la France ou est-ce le français du Québec qui sert maintenant de norme de base lorsqu’on parle la langue de Molière au Canada? De plus, cette recherche tâche de voir s’il y a des préjugés sur le français parlé en Ontario ou si cette variété dialectale détient un statut plus ou moins égal aux autres variétés de français parlé; elle cherche également à examiner si les participants ont une représentation, une image positive des locuteurs qui parlent français en Ontario. Nous espérons que les résultats de cette enquête montreront que la perception et les jugements des locuteurs franco-ontariens envers les différentes variations qui s’opèrent en français parlé seront tous de même niveau, ou à peu près. C’est à ces grandes questions que s’intéresse ce travail de recherche.Mémoire de spécialisatio
Molecular characterization of Deschampsia cespitosa populations from metal contaminated areas in Northern Ontario: nickel and copper toxicity.
No full textThe main objectives of the present study were to 1) reassess the level of genetic variation in D. cespitosa populations from three regions contaminated or uncontaminated with metals in Northern Ontario; 2) determine the degree of toxicity of nickel and copper in D. cespitosa genotypes; and 3) investigate cytological damages caused by metals in D. cespitosa plants growing in Northern Ontario. An insignificant change in the overall percent of polymorphic loci in populations from Little Current and Cobalt Cart Lake was found. On the other hand, a significant decrease was seen in the Coniston/Wahnapitae and Cobalt Nipissing Tailings sites. The degree of genetic relatedness among the populations has increased, compared to data from the analysis of samples 16 years ago. This strengthens the earlier theory that Sudbury populations of D. cespitosa might be from the Cobalt region.
The degree of toxicity of nickel and copper in D. cespitosa was investigated under controlled conditions. It was found that copper is more toxic than nickel. Neither copper nor nickel caused damage to plants at low rates of 5.6 and 9.16 mg/kg respectively, corresponding to the bioavailable amounts. Higher dosages (1600 mg/kg) of nickel and (1312 mg/kg) copper equivalent to total elements in site, caused significant damages to plants.
Cytological analysis for D. cespitosa revealed significant mitotic disruption from long term exposure of roots to high levels of metal frequently manifested through aneuploidy in metal-contaminated sites when compared to the reference sites. All plants from contaminated areas exhibited varying degrees of mixoploidy compared to the reference sites. These high levels of mitotic abnormalities did not seem to affect D. cespitosa survival and growth in highly metal-contaminated sites
Incorporating expressive play techniques within brief service: observed applications within children's mental health
Get PDFAlthough models of brief service and play therapy appear to contrast with one another, the underlying tenets of humanistic theory and post-modern social constructivism suggest complimentary combinations within clinical practice. This advanced practicum research report examines my practicum experiences within a children’s mental health agency in relation to the compatibility of brief service and expressive play techniques in applied practice. My goals within the practicum were to enhance and strengthen my clinical skillsets as a practitioner through case interventions and supervision. I was also interested in developing a personal practice model regarding the application of expressive play techniques within a brief service delivery approach. Throughout the report, I will highlight the major themes revealed within my reflective practice and demonstrate the growth of my theoretical knowledge and clinical skillsets throughout the practicum process. The critical analysis of the practicum highlights two distinct observations and insights within my experiences. The first section of analysis includes applications of expressive play techniques within an agency setting, and observations from practical application with families. The second section of analysis will describe themes that emerged through my own self-discovery and the conceptualization of my therapeutic process. Throughout the process of the practicum, I developed an understanding and experience of my therapeutic stance, nurtured my own self-awareness/personal mindfulness practice, and acknowledged the value of combining narrative brief service and play therapy models through experiential learning.Master of Social Wor
Comparison of two indexed gill-netting protocols for fish community surveys in Northern lakes
No full text1) I compared the performance of two standard fish community assessment protocols, the
NORDIC protocol and the Broad-scale Fish Community Monitoring (BsM) protocol (the
latter consisting of two gear types). I utilized fish catch and attribute data collected from
21 Boreal Shield lakes (17 in Ontario, 4 in NWT) surveyed using both protocols, in a
pairwise design. Fish community composition (species richness, diversity, and evenness),
relative abundance (number and biomass per 100 m of net), and body size distributions
were compared between NORDIC and BsM surveys, and among the three gill net gears -
NORDIC (NRD), North American Standard (NA1), and Ontario Small Mesh Standard
(ON2). The NORDIC protocol dedicates a higher proportion of total sampling effort to
small-mesh gear compared to the BsM protocol, and the ranking of gears according to
proportion of small mesh effort is ON2 > NRD > NA1. NORDIC surveys used 38%
greater effort (total length of net deployed per area of lake) than BsM surveys over the 21
lakes examined. 2) Principal components analysis (PCA) of species relative abundances showed
significant differences between surveys in community compositions, as well as a
separation of communities between Ontario and NWT lakes. NORDIC surveys detected
19% more species per survey, with the additional species primarily belonging to smallbodied
taxa (e.g., Cyprinidae, Gasterosteidae, Cottidae). Paired-comparisons of gears
indicated that NA1 gangs (highest proportion of large mesh) yielded fewer species, lower
diversity, and higher evenness at standardized levels of effort compared to NRD and ON2
gangs, but there were no significant differences between NRD and ON2 gangs. 3) NORDIC surveys tended to provide higher numeric catch per unit effort (NPUE) and lower biomass per unit effort (BPUE) estimates compared to BsM surveys for the whole community, but differences between surveys were stronger and more consistent for smallbodied species than large-bodied species. For most small-bodied species, both NPUE and BPUE were significantly higher in NORDIC than BsM surveys. In gear comparisons,
differences generally followed mesh size compositions for both NPUE and BPUE; NA1
gear tended to provide higher estimates for large-bodied species, and lower estimates for
small-bodied species compared to NRD and ON2 gears. NRD and ON2 gear provided
comparable NPUE and BPUE estimates for small-bodied species, but NRD gear tended to
provide higher estimates for large-bodied species. 4) Biomass size distributions of all captured fish differed significantly between surveys in most Ontario lakes, but not in most NWT lakes. Significant differences between the surveys were more consistent across lakes for large-bodied piscivores than for other taxa.
Size distributions from NORDIC surveys generally had lower medians and higher CVs
than distributions from BsM surveys. Both NRD and ON2 gears yielded size distributions
that tended to be more multi-modal than distributions from NA1 gear. In gear
comparisons, size distribution medians were NA1 > NRD > ON2, whereas size
distribution CVs were NRD=ON2 > NA1. 5) Differences in fish community metrics between the surveys were not related to the physical characteristics of the survey lakes (area, depth, water clarity), with the exception
that BPUE differences were weakly but significantly related to lake maximum depth.
Differences between surveys appeared to be less distinct in NWT lakes than in Ontario
lakes, presumably due to differences in fish community composition between regions.
6) Overall, BsM surveys tended to under-represent small-bodied fish and over-represent
large-bodied fish relative to NORDIC surveys. Differences between survey results could
likely be reduced by increasing the total sampling effort, and/or the relative amount of
ON2 effort in BsM surveys
Inductive electromagnetic data interpretation using a 3-D distribution of 3-D magnetic or electric dipoles
No full textThis paper is © 2019 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. The posting is available free of charge and its use is subject to the SEG terms and conditions: https://seg.org/Terms-of-UseIn inductive electromagnetics, the magnetic field measured in the air at any instant can be considered to be a potential field. As such, we can invert measured magnetic fields (at a fixed time or frequency) for the causative subsurface current system. These currents can be approximated with a 3D subsurface grid of 3D magnetic (closed-loop current) or electric (line current) dipoles whose location and orientation can be solved for using a potential-field-style smooth-model inversion. Because the problem is linear, both inversions can be solved quickly even for large subsurface volumes; and both can be run on a single data set for complementary information. Synthetic studies suggest that for discrete induction dominated targets, the magnetic and electric dipole inversions can be used to determine the center and top edge of the target, respectively. Furthermore, the orientation of plate targets can be estimated from visual examination of the orientations of the 3D vector dipoles and/or using the interpreted location of the center and top edge of the target. In the first field example, ground data from a deep massive sulfide body (mineral exploration target) was inverted and the results were consistent with the conclusions drawn from the synthetic examples and with the existing interpretation of the body (shallow dipping conductor at a depth of approximately 400 m). A second example over a near-surface mine tailing (a near-surface environmental/engineering study) highlighted the strength of being able to invert data using either magnetic or electric dipoles. Although both models were able to fit the data, the electric dipole model was considerably simpler and revealed a southwest−northeast-trending conductive zone. This fast approximate 3D inversion can be used as a starting point for more rigorous interpretation and/or, in some cases, as a stand-alone interpretation tool.NSERC; Vale; Sudbury Integrated Nickel Operations, a Glencore Company; Wallbridge Mining; KGHM International; and the Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation
« Il faut se battre » : Les expériences de femmes congolaises sur le marché de l’emploi au Canada.
No full textDans une perspective intersectionnelle qui articule les différents marqueurs identitaires entre autres la couleur de la peau, le sexe, l’origine ethnique, la taille, la langue, la religion, cette thèse expose dans quelle mesure ces différentes variables prédisposent les femmes noires originaires de l’Afrique aux discriminations, mythes, racisme, préjugés et stéréotypes sur le marché de l’emploi.
Cette étude est une analyse qualitative qui se concentre sur les expériences de femmes immigrantes congolaises sur le marché de l’emploi au Canada. Ses résultats font état de trois variables en cause aux difficultés de ces femmes sur le marché de l’emploi. Il s’agit de la couleur de la peau, le sexe et l’origine ethnique.
Cette étude conclut que ces femmes sont discriminées systématiquement, qu’elles soient nées au Canada ou qu’elles y aient immigré. Cette recherche pourrait permettre aux décideurs et organismes gouvernementaux qui viennent en charge aux femmes immigrantes de trouver des informations pertinentes pour développer des outils pédagogiques pouvant les aider à intégrer plus efficacement sur le marché de l’emploi