3855 research outputs found
Sort by
Emotional facial expression recognition and emotion regulation in undergraduate students with disordered eating
No full textIt is generally accepted that problematic emotional processing is central in anorexia nervosa. The
current study explored emotional processing deficits in a non-clinical, restrictive disordered
eating population by investigating emotional facial expression recognition accuracy in terms of
basic emotions; level of emotion intensity; and perceptual and attentional processing through
eye-tracking. Seventy-seven females were delineated into Average (n=46) and High (n=31)
Body Mass Index (BMI) groups. BMI groups were split into high and low restricting groups via
the Dieting subscale of the EAT-26. Participants viewed 96 images and were asked to identify
the emotion. In restricting groups, results revealed no differences in recognition rates for the
Average BMI group. For the High BMI group, results revealed greater recognition accuracy than
the low restrictive group, regardless of emotion/intensity. Eye-tracking analyses revealed that the
high restricting group spent more time viewing the face, specifically the eye/brow area at low
intensities
Bullet calibre and types estimation from gunshot wounds in sus scrofa (linnaeus) long bone
No full textThe calibre of bullet used in the commission of crime is not typically ascertained from a wound in soft tissue, and cannot be reliably determined from the damage done to flat bones (1, 2). This study examined the feasibility of obtaining both bullet calibre and type from ballistic damage to long bones. Thirty fresh pork shoulders (Sus scrofa), in three groups of ten, were each shot with a handgun using one of three calibre. These calibres were of two bullet types, either lead or full copper jacket. Each pork shoulder was shot through the intact humerus with either a 0.22 round-nose lead bullet, 9mm full copper jacketed bullet, or a 0.38 round-nose lead bullet. The long bones were subsequently defleshed and examined for evidence of bullet calibre and type. The damaged bone was reconstructed to the fullest extent possible from the resulting bone fragments. The minimum diameter of each entrance wound, as well as the associated fracture pattern, were recorded. A Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to compare the median entrance wound measurements for each calibre. Cortical bone spalling was seen only In long bones shot with a copper jacketed bullet. This is due to the differing energy propagation of the two bullet types through the bone tissue. Our study demonstrates that bullet type can be ascertained from long bone damage, and the damage from a 0.22 calibre bullet can be distinguished from that of a 0.38 or a 9mm bullet
Exploring traditional roles of first nation older adults to promote the quality of life for those experiencing alzheimer's disease and related dementia's
No full textThe emergence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia’s (ADRD) in Indigenous
populations across Canada is a rising concern as prevalence rates exceed those of non-
Indigenous populations. Culturally appropriate approaches to address the increased
prevalence of ADRD are guided by the Indigenous Wholistic Theory and the
Intergenerativity Model. Community-based participatory action research led by
interviews, focus groups and program observations aid in identifying barriers and
facilitators of success for intergenerational social engagements in the Anishinaabe
community of Wikwemikong, Ontario. A qualitative thematic analysis guides future
recommendations for programming opportunities to foster traditional roles of older First
Nation adults and intergenerational relationships. This project results in culturally
appropriate suggestions to improve healthy brain aging in older populations through
increased social interactions with youth and the nurturing of traditional roles. The results of this study are relevant to other Indigenous communities who may wish to adopt the framework to their own community context
The impact of magnetic viscosity on time-domain electromagnetic data from iron oxide minerals embedded in rocks at Opemiska, Québec, Canada
No full textThis paper is © 2019 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. The posting is available free of charge and its use is subject to the SEG terms and conditions: https://seg.org/Terms-of-UseThe magnetic viscosity (MV) effects observed at time scales between 0.01 and 10 ms at Opemiska are associated with magnetic grains of variable size in rocks. Recent observations made during a ground time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey at Opemiska are consistent with four aspects of the spatial and amplitude characteristics of a MV response: (1) the ∂Bz/∂ decay rate is roughly proportional to 1/1+, where −0.4<<0.4, (2) the anomalies are mainly visible on the -component, when the EM receiver sensor is located inside or just outside the transmitter loop, (3) there is no obvious - or -component response, and (4) the sites where MV effects are seen in the TDEM data are coincident with an airborne magnetic anomaly. Previous studies have demonstrated that MV could be caused by (1) fine-grained particles of maghemite or magnetite in the overburden, regolith, or soil that were formed through lateritic weathering processes, (2) volcanic glass shards from tuff containing approximately 1% by weight magnetite, which occur as grains approximately 0.002–0.01μm in size precipitated in a spatially uniform way, or (3) from the Gallionella bacterium that precipitates ferrihydrite that oxidizes to nanocrystalline maghemite aggregates. The sites investigated at Opemiska are outcropping and well-exposed with relatively little or no overburden, and they are unfavorable for the formation of maghemite; hence, it is assumed that the source of MV seen at Opemiska cannot be the maghemite, or the other aforementioned causes. Hand samples were collected from Opemiska to identify the minerals present. Polished thin sections observed under an optical reflecting microscope identified the accessory minerals magnetite, ilmenite, and pyrrhotite, all known for their relatively high magnetic susceptibility. The use of the scanning electron microscope confirmed fine-grained magnetite grains as small as 0.667μm. An electromagnetic induction spectrometer confirmed the viscous nature of the susceptibility of the Opemiska samples. This suggests that MV could originate not only from fine-grained magnetite and maghemite particles located in the weathered regolith but also from other iron oxides and magnetic minerals embedded in the rock itself.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Instrumentation GDD Inc., and Explorateurs-Innovateurs de Québec Inc
Evaluating the quality of work life of registered nurses in urban, rural and remote Northeastern Ontario
No full textThe sustainability of our Canadian healthcare system to meet the demands of healthcare and healing for clients in urban, rural and remote hospital settings are dependent upon nurses’ health and the quality of nurses’ work life. The purpose of this research was to understand how Northeastern Ontario registered nurses’ (RNs’) in urban, rural and remote hospitals evaluated their quality of work life (QOWL), to examine similarities and differences of RNs’ evaluation related to their geographic locations, and to identify what QOWL and nursing practice environment factors were associated with nurses’ stress. A mixed methods sequential explanatory design was conducted that used an adapted version of the Nursing Work Life Model as the theoretical framework for Phase I. Quantitative data were collected from RNs working in urban, small urban, rural and remote Northeastern Ontario hospitals (n=4). The questionnaire consisted of demographic questions, the Brook’s Quality of Nursing Work Life, the Practice Environment Scale, the Nursing Stress scales (NSS), and a section for RNs to write comments. Multiple and logistic stepwise backward regressions were conducted to determine factors associated with nurses’ QOWL and stress scores. Phase II face-to-face interviews of RNs and nurse leaders (n=17) were conducted to explicate findings from Phase I results. Thematic analysis of participant comments (n=53), and semi-structured interviews were guided by Thorne’s (2008) Interpretative Description methods. A total of 319 packages were distributed and yielded a 54.23% response rate (n=173). The majority of RNs were female (93.1%) and ranged in age between 20 and 29 years (mean = 35.9, s.d. 11.0). Results from the QOWL multiple regression analysis indicated three key factors that explained 35% of the variance (R2 0.353) that included: general health, exhaustion, and factors in the staffing subscale of the Practice Environment Scale. Four key factors were associated with nurses’ stress scores that explained 42% of the variance (R2 0.423) and included: workload, work-home life balance, adequate support services, and factors of the nursing ability subscale of the Practice Environment Scale. Nurses who reported decreased presence of factors associated in the Nursing Quality subscale were 12.39 (95% CI: 2.58- 59.64) times as likely to have lower QOWL scores (≤163). Nurses who did not have adequate support services that allowed nurses to spend time with patients were 3.56 (95% CI: 1.78, 7.10) times as likely to report higher stress scores (≥ 78). The overarching theme summarizing the findings was revealed to be Supporting Holistic Client Healing and Nurse Healers that described nurses’ and nurse leaders’ evaluation of Northeastern Ontario nurses’ QOWL and stress. This was supported by five key themes: 1) Holistic Healing of Clients: Dueling Ideologies, 2) Facilitating Healing at the Bedside: Supporting Nurses’ Work Life, 3) Geographical Hindrances to Healing: Healthcare System Inequalities, 4) Supporting Healing Beyond the Hospital Bedside: Healthcare System Inequities in Policies, Funding and Decision-Making Processes, and 5) Nurses’ QOWL and Health Consequences. The findings of this research elucidated new knowledge related to factors impacting Northeastern Ontario nurses’ ability to provide quality holistic care to facilitate their clients healing processes, which affected nurses’ QOWL and stress. Supporting the holistic healing of clients and nurse healers requires nurses being able to access the supports and resources they need that maintains their legal and ethical standards of care. Inequitable healthcare system policies and decision-making processes that perpetuate healthcare system inequalities need to change. Improving nurses’ QOWL and stress requires a concerted effort by several stakeholders. Healthcare policies and decision-makers need to listen to the voices of nurses and healthcare providers who live and work in rural and remote settings across Northern Ontario. New and unique solutions and policies can be created that may eventually actualize the vision of the delivery of high quality healthcare services that are equitable for all Ontarians regardless of their geographic location
Child neglect: predicting future protection concerns and a comparison of profiles
No full textResearch suggests that factors that influence child maltreatment are not restricted to one
area (e.g. parental characteristics, child characteristics, societal characteristics), but are spread
across numerous ecological systems. Child protection data from the Ontario Family and Child
Strengths and Needs Assessment (FCSNA) was obtained. Records for children and caregivers of
128 families who had verified child neglect allegations were used in predictive analyses, in order
to determine which families would return with further child protection concerns. Results of
logistic regression analyses showed that variables related to caregiver capacity and social support
were predictive of verified maltreatment concern recurrence. Caregivers with alcohol, drug, and
substance abuse concerns, resource management issues, and strengths in physical health were
more likely to be involved in recurrent investigations than those non-recurrent parents. Higher
levels of social support from peer and adult relationships (for children) indicated a greater
likelihood of child protection recurrence. Results suggest greater attention to substance abuse
issues, as well as resource management and poverty in families with verified child neglect
concerns. Furthermore, the results offer insight into the nature of the relationship between child
maltreatment recurrence and social support. Recommendations of future research directions are
discussed
Structures and functions of the post-mortem brain: an experimental evaluation of the residual properties of fixed neural tissues
Get PDFDoes brain function irreversibly cease after death? Billions of years of evolution and hundreds of thousands of years of human development have inculcated within us an intuition that death is a deep pit from which thoughts and behaviour cannot emerge. This dissertation serves to challenge the assumption of neurofunctional loss after death by employing modern technology to observe alternative mechanisms by which information can be processed by fixed, post-mortem neural tissues. The central aim of the thesis was to measure periodic, electric potential differences (μV) characteristic of the psychological definition of “response” within neuroanatomical loci while the fixed tissues were exposed to patterned current, complex electromagnetic fields, chemical probes, and other experimental conditions. The findings presented here show that fixed post-mortem tissues express regional, electrical anisotropies which can be modulated by various applications of electrochemical energy and that the areas surrounding the hippocampus are most responsive. We show that neuropathology secondary to repeated and protracted seizure activity can be detected in post-mortem rat brains with coupled depressions of low-frequency signal periodicities. Our findings demonstrate that injections of current into coronal sections of fixed human brain tissue are most potent when patterned to simulate neuronal spike-trains and the dominant frequency of the equivalent living tissue subsection. We also show that fixed, post-mortem brain tissues act as electromagnetic filters, expressing signals non-randomly and preferentially within the right cerebral hemisphere. Further findings indicate that receptor agonist-antagonist probes (e.g., glutamate and ketamine) as well as other chemical applications can induce regional electrical responses as well as habituation-type phenomena over repeated exposure.
iv
These responses are paired and can be inversely related to photon emission from the tissue proper as inferred by photomultiplier tube measurements. The bases of the electrochemical responses are thought to be due to phenomena associated with pH and ionic gradients in general as inferred by our experiments with post-mortem rat brains. The aforementioned experimental results are then synthesized to produce a working hypothesis upon which further research can be based. We conclude that the brain’s structure-function relationship is sufficient to elicit post-mortem responses characteristic of a composite material of otherwise unknown potential
Le jeu comme outil thérapeutique et la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale : aider les enfants ayant des troubles du comportement
Get PDFLa thérapie par le jeu est une approche qui semble controversée en service social. Malgré, ses nombreux avantages en intervention avec les enfants, plusieurs se demandent si elle est prouvée scientifiquement. Dans ce mémoire, je cherche à montrer comment les outils thérapeutiques en thérapie par le jeu juxtaposé à la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale aident les enfants à surmonter leurs difficultés de comportements relationnels liées à des situations de vie. Afin d’en faire l’expérience, j’ai choisi de faire un stage spécialisé de 450 heures durant lequel j’ai pu faire de l’intervention auprès de sept enfants âgés entre 5 et 12 ans et présentant des difficultés de comportement. Dans cet essai de stage, seulement deux de ces cas sont présentés afin qu’on puisse voir en détail les interventions effectuées et les résultats atteints. Dans ces deux cas, comme d’ailleurs dans les autres situations d’intervention, la thérapie par le jeu et la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale sont une excellente combinaison qui permet à l’enfant de développer divers outils afin de surmonter ses difficultés de comportement et développer un sentiment de confiance et d’appartenance dans le processus de relation d’aide. J’ai pu aussi remarquer l’importance d’impliquer les parents de la première à la dernière session d’intervention. Tous ces éléments augmentent les probabilités de réussite en intervention.Maîtrise en Service Socia
Meta-analyses of the effect of ergonomic intervention on low back pain outcomes and whether LBP leads to absenteeism among manual material handling workers
No full textLow back pain (LBP) is experienced by 80% of population at some point in their working life.
Previous research has demonstrated that musculoskeletal loading in manual material handling
(MMH) workplaces results due to interaction between biomechanical factors and human factors.
Loading then causes changes in spinal tolerance, ultimately LBP. Repetitive MMH activities are
considered high risk activities for LBP and sequential absenteeism. Absenteeism drains funds not
only from MMH industry but also from the health industry as well, with a simultaneous effect on
the quality of life of a particular MMH worker. Ergonomics has the potential to reduce the LBP
and can also restore human functioning to a maximum level. Ergonomic interventions such as
engineering solutions and administrative controls can decrease the effect of risk factors on
loading and in-turn LBP. Individual studies tend to support that ergonomic interventions decrease the effect of LBP in
MMH workers and also, the fact LBP causes absenteeism in MMH workers. There are still few
quality studies that address these issues. It is therefore beneficial to combine such individual
studies in a meta-analysis. Studies measuring the effect of ergonomics on LBP and effect of LBP
on absenteeism in MMH workers are combined to find the pooled effect. The results show that
ergonomics has no significant effect in decreasing LBP in MMH workers but absenteeism due to
LBP is reported less in workers having ergonomic intervention in MMH workplaces
Preliminary investigation into the usefulness of tattoos for identification purposes
No full textTattoos are common distinguishing features of many people in today’s populations, however, investigation into their usefulness in a forensic context is only just up-and-coming. This study uses four ink colours common in tattoos and the Northeastern Ontario fall and winter climates to see how study tattoo composition in skin is when presented in a harsh environment. Ten samples of tattooed pork (Sus scrofa) shoulder with skin attached were left out in the environment for 141 days. Upon collection, eye-visual analysis as well as technological analysis via photographs were done on the colours to determine change. Visually changes were not noted in most samples but, using CMYK and classified Pantone® colours, slight differences were noted. This study shows the preservative properties of a Northeastern Ontario winter and raises areas of future study for the usefulness of tattoos as an identification tool in forensic casework