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Technosol evaluation for mine site reclamation in the Boreal Shield
Get PDFTechnosols, soils substantially influenced by human activity, are often found on former
mine sites. In some cases they develop as a result of natural processes on abandoned sites; in
others, they are intentionally manufactured as part of the mine’s reclamation program. In this
study Technosols with either 40% woody residuals and 60% mine rock or 80% woody residuals
and 20% mine rock were constructed and placed over mine rock lysimeters in either 30 cm or 60
cm layers to evaluate their potential for use in the reclamation of a gold mine in the Canadian
boreal forest. The Technosol plots were constructed in summer 2012 and have been continuously
monitored for water chemistry, soil microclimate, and vegetation health. In 2016 soil pits were
excavated to examine the physical, chemical, and microbial development of Technosol profiles.
The high organic Technosols had higher concentrations of bioavailable nutrients, reduced
availability of Mo and Cd, less extreme soil temperatures, increased soil moisture, and reduced
soil pH compared to the low organic. In all Technosol plot water samples pH was between 7 – 8,
high levels of DOC were measured, and no elements exceeded site compliance limits specified
by the Ontario government. Little profile development was observed in the Technosols, but there
were differences between comparison field and forest soils in terms of chemistry and microbial
functional diversity. Green alder (Alnus viridis subsp. crispa) grew well on the Technosol plots,
but bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) struggled and after two years almost complete mortality
was seen. This is likely due to a combination of factors including high soil pH, low moisture, and
low nutrient availability in the Technosols. Overall the high organic Technosol appears more
suitable for reclamation, and green alders are a good choice for initial planting
Race relations in Sudbury : a focus on African-Canadians
Get PDFThis thesis explored the perception of race relations among African‐Canadians in the city of
Greater Sudbury. It assessed African‐Canadians’ perception of the treatments and equal
opportunities afforded to them in the city. The purpose of this research was to examine the
effect of race on the life experiences of African‐Canadians and the unique meanings they
ascribe to these encounters. Using snowball sampling, data for this study were collected from
the personal stories of 20 African‐Canadians in the city of Greater Sudbury. This thesis
employed a phenomenological qualitative inquiry to focus on participants’ life experiences in
the city. Critical race theory was employed as the theoretical framework guiding the analysis of
this study. Five major themes emerged during data analysis (1) Social Interaction,
(2) Employment, (3) Black in Sudbury, (4) Settlement challenges, and (5) Coping Strategies.
This thesis captures a picture of the daily struggles that participants experience in the Sudbury
society due to discrimination.
Elevated magmatic sulfur and chlorine contents in ore-forming magmas at the Red Chris porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Northern British Columbia, Canada
Get PDFThe Red Chris porphyry Cu-Au deposit is located in the Stikinia island-arc terrane in
northwest British Columbia. It is hosted by the Red Stock, which has four phases of
porphyry intrusions: P1, P2E, P2L, and P3. New U-Pb dating of zircon shows that
these intrusions were emplaced at 211.6 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.85), 206.0 ± 1.2 Ma
(MSWD = 1.5), 203.6 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.5), and 201.7 ± 1.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.05),
respectively. The ore-forming event at Red Chris was a short-lived event at 206.1 ± 0.5
Ma (MSWD = 0.96; weighted average age of three Re-Os analyses), implying a
duration of <1 m.y., as defined by the uncertainty range. This mineralization age
coincides with the emplacement age of the P2E porphyry, and is consistent with crosscutting
relationships that suggest P2E was the main syn-mineralization intrusion.
Zircons from P1 to P3 porphyry rocks have consistently high EuN/EuN* ratios (mostly >
0.4), indicating that their associated magmas were moderately oxidized. The magmatic
water contents estimated from plagioclase and amphibole compositions suggest H2O
contents of ~5 wt. %. Taken together, the P1 to P3 porphyries are interpreted to be
moderately oxidized and hydrous.
The four phases of porphyries are differentiated by sulfur and chlorine contents. The
SO3 contents of igneous apatite microphenocrysts from the mineralization-related P2
porphyries are higher (P2E: 0.30 ± 0.13 wt. %, n = 34; P2L: 0.29 ± 0.18 wt. %, n = 100)
than those from the pre-mineralization P1 (0.11 ± 0.03 wt. %, n = 34) and postmineralization
P3 porphyries (0.03 ± 0.01 wt. %, n = 13). The chlorine contents in
apatite grains from the P2E and P2L porphyries are 1.18 ± 0.37 (n = 34) and 1.47 ±
0.28 wt. % (n = 100), also higher than those from P1 (0.51 ± 0.3 wt. % Cl, n = 34) and
P3 (0.02 ± 0.02 wt. % Cl, n = 17). These results imply that the sulfur and chlorine contents of the P2E and P2L magmas were higher than in the P1 and P3 magmas,
suggesting that elevated magmatic S-Cl contents in the P2 porphyries may have been
important for ore-formation. Although the process that caused the increase in sulfur
and chlorine is not clear, reverse zoning seen in plagioclase phenocrysts from the P2
porphyry, and the occurrence of more mafic compositions in P2L suggest that recharge
of the deeper magma chamber by a relatively S-Cl-rich mafic magma may have
triggered the ore-forming hydrothermal event
Volcanic, structural, and hydrothermal controls on coincident Archean Low and High Sulfidation VMS Systems within the Onaman Assemblage, Onaman-Tashota Greenstone Belt, Northern Ontario, Canada
No full textHigh sulfidation volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits show characteristics of VMS and
high sulfidation epithermal deposits and are suggested to have formed through magmatic fluid
contribution to an evolved seawater hydrothermal system. Two superimposed systems within the
Neoarchean Onaman assemblage in Northwestern Ontario present an opportunity to assess the
association between high sulfidation and traditional “low sulfidation” VMS systems. The
stratigraphy of the Onaman assemblage consists of pillowed mafic volcanic flows, volcaniclastic
rocks, and felsic flows and domes. The assemblage hosts a metamorphosed alteration system
defined by kyanite and chloritoid-bearing mineral associations that overprint more traditional VMS
associations of calcite, chlorite, and sericite. The sequence is consistent with subaqueous volcanism
followed by uplift and erosion, which subsequently subsides to marine conditions. We postulate
that the reactivation of synvolcanic structures, during uplift and subsidence, allowed for a direct
magmatic volatile input into an evolved seawater dominated, VMS hydrothermal system
Parents’ experiences and nurses’ perceptions of decision making about childhood immunization
Get PDFThe uptake of immunization against infectious childhood diseases such as mumps,
measles, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis has resulted in positive global health
outcomes. The estimated vaccine coverage for these diseases, however, falls below targets
recently set by the World Health Organization. The reviewed literature demonstrated that parents
have an active role in making decisions about their children's immunization status informed by
contextual, individual, and vaccine-specific influences. Few studies addressed nurses'
involvement in parental immunization decisions. No qualitative studies could be found that
explored Canadian parents' and nurses' perspectives into this complex, contextually-bound
phenomenon. The aim of this qualitative study is to understand parents' and nurses' experiences
of decision making about childhood immunization, specifically measles-mumps-rubella and/or
diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis. Thorne's interpretative description approach was used to facilitate parents' and nurses'
sharing of their experiences and perspectives about childhood immunization to capture the
relevancy for nursing practice. Results demonstrate that protection was the unifying goal across
all parents and nurses. Motivated by protection of their child, parents searched for information
about immunization, deliberated the information and sources to determine the relative benefits
and risks of immunization, and assumed responsibility for their decision to accept, delay or
decline immunization, and accepted responsibility for the consequences of their decision. Nurses
described their role as protectors of child safety and population health. Findings of this study
suggested that a tension that exists between nurses’ professional obligation to protect the public
against vaccine preventable diseases, promote immunization update, yet, respect individual
parental choice. Parents desired encounters with health care providers that were open to
acknowledging and addressing their concerns in order to protect the health of their child. Future nursing approaches recommended by this study included nurse-led education sessions within a
community environment, nurse-led forums that outreach to the public regarding fears and
concerns about childhood immunizations, connecting with parents in the community could
facilitate better access and improved engagement with health team members, forming
partnerships with existing groups, and adding health literacy to the education curriculum could
positively impact individual and community health
The career developments of two world champion boxers: interpretive thematic analysis of media stories
Get PDFAthlete development can be described through transitions that mark turning phases
throughout athletes’ careers. Media data was utilized in this project to unpack the
career developments of two prominent world champion boxers from their early
lives to world championship status. Employing interpretive thematic analysis, five
themes were identified: (1) weathering hardships of early life (subthemes: the rough
life of an inner-city kid; abject poverty in war-torn Philippines), (2) entry into sport
(subthemes: groomed to fight; boxing to escape poverty), (3) amateur experience
(subthemes: Olympic medallist en route to the pros; struggling amateur with
dreams of greatness), (4) launching a professional career (impressive American
prospect; a charismatic unpolished slugger) and (5) capturing a world title
(subthemes: the much-anticipated world champion; the unexpected world
champion). This exploration augments our understanding of how two worldrenowned
boxers presented their career transitions to the world, with implications
for boxers and those who work with them
Domaines de spécialités : des territoires linguistiques
No full textLa variation linguistique dans des territoires géographiques distincts
donne naissance à des dialectes ou à des régionalismes se rapportant à une même
langue. Au delà de cet espace géophysique, nous proposons de considérer ici les
domaines de l’activité humaine comme des territoires où se manifestent les langues
de spécialité et où les termes se dotent de notions particulières et spécifiques. Pour
ce faire, nous suivrons la migration d’un certain nombre de termes de la langue
commune ou d’un autre domaine de spécialité vers celui de la santé en julakan
(une des langues parlées au Burkina Faso). Cette analyse révèle, d’une part, les
nouveaux sens que certains mots du julakan acquièrent, par métaphore ou métonymie,
en migrant dans le domaine de la santé et, d’autre part, quelques enjeux liés à ce
processus migratoire intralinguistique
Déterminants socio-économiques affectant le choix d'une maison de retraite : points de vue des résidents d'une maison francophone à Toronto
No full textCette étude vise à explorer le problème de logement lié au vieillissement de la
population.
L’objet principal de la présente thèse est de comprendre les déterminants socioéconomiques
qui influencent la décision des personnes âgées d’aller vivre en maison de
retraite et leur choix d’une maison de retraite en particulier. Les données ont été
collectées à l’aide d’une méthode qualitative, par l’entremise d’entrevues semi-directives.
Les trente-sept personnes âgées constituant notre échantillon se sont exprimées sur leurs
expériences afin de nous permettre de mieux cerner les déterminants socio-économiques
affectant leur choix d’aller vivre en maison de retraite. Tous nos participants sont des
résidents de la maison Héritage, une institution de Toronto.
Les résultats de cette recherche nous révèlent que le choix d’aller vivre dans une
maison comme l’Héritage implique des aspects qui dépassent largement les motifs
purement économiques. En conséquence, les déterminants liés à la solitude, aux décès de
conjoint (e), au soutien adapté, ont été très influents dans la première phase du choix
d’aller vivre dans une maison de retraite. En revanche, dans le choix de l’Héritage, des
déterminants liés à l’identité, comme la langue, les valeurs culturelles, ont été plus
influents
Bacteria against bacteria: isolation, identification and characterization of bacteria with antimicrobial activities against Gardnerella vaginalis
No full textGardnerella vaginalis is the etiological agent of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a chronic vaginal
infection that affects women globally. Increasing antibiotic resistance and failing treatment
options has resulted in chronic BV, demonstrating a need for novel alternative therapeutics. A
total of 34 environmental bacterial isolates with antimicrobial properties against a G. vaginalis
collection (n=17) were isolated and characterized for their antagonistic effects against G.
vaginalis isolates and for their production of antimicrobial active agents. The G. vaginalis
collection was shown to be diverse by genotyping and by their antibiotic susceptibility profiles.
Anti-G. vaginalis (αGV) isolates were identified and phylogenetically clustered following full
genome sequencing and their antiGV target range specificities were investigated. A subset of the
αGV collection (n=20) were shown to produce and export active antimicrobial agents with
molecular sizes of 4.6-35kD, which showed specific lethal effect on G. vaginalis isolates (target
ranges of 5-100%). Cocktail formulations consisted of promising representatives from αGV
clusters, with overlapping complimentary properties and specificity to G. vaginalis were
identified for further study as the antimicrobial candidates for BV