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Data-Driven Governance in Crises: Topic Modelling for the Identification of Refugee Needs
No full textThe war in Ukraine and the following refugee crisis have recently again highlighted the need for effective refugee management across European countries. Refugee management contemporarily mostly relies on top-down management approaches by governments. These often lead to suboptimal policies for refugees and highlight a need to better identify and integrate refugee needs into management. Here, we show that modern applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) allow for the effective analysis of large text corpora linked to refugee needs, making it possible to complement top-down approaches with bottom-up knowledge centered around the current needs of the refugee population. By following a Design Science Research Methodology, we utilize 58 semi-structured stakeholder interviews within Switzerland to develop design requirements for NLP applications for refugee management. Based on the design requirements, we developed R2G – “Refugees to Government”, an application based on state-of-the-art topic modeling to identify refugee needs bottom-up through Telegram data. We evaluate R2G with a dedicated workshop held with stakeholders from the public sector and civil society. Thus, we contribute to the ongoing discourse on how to design refugee management applications and showcase how topic modeling can be utilized for data-driven governance during refugee crises
Learning with Digital Agents: An Analysis based on the Activity Theory
No full textDigital agents are considered a general-purpose technology. They spread quickly in private and organizational contexts, including education. Yet, research lacks a conceptual framing to describe interaction with such agents in a holistic manner. While focusing on the interaction with a pedagogical agent, that is, a digital agent capable of natural-language interaction with a learner, we propose a model of learning activity based on activity theory. We use this model and a review of prior research on digital agents in education to analyze how various characteristics of the activity, including features of a pedagogical agent or learner, influence learning outcomes. The analysis leads to identification of information systems research directions and guidance for developers of pedagogical agents and digital agents in general. We conclude by extending the activity theory-based model beyond the context of education and show how it helps designers and researchers ask the right questions when creating a digital agent
Unter falschem Namen. Ein Kommentar zum Protest gegen die Reform des WissZeitVG und darüber hinaus
No full textWie können digitale Zwillinge die Aufgabenerledigung deutscher Kommunen verändern? Eine Analyse von Einsatzbereichen, Veränderungspotenzialen und Rahmenbedingungen
No full textEin zunehmendes Spannungsverhältnis zwischen begrenzten Ressourcen und stetigem Aufgabenwachstum lastet auf deutschen Kommunen in Zeiten multipler Krisen. Technische Innovationen wie digitale Zwillinge könnten ein geeignetes Instrument sein, kommunale Ressourcen effizienter einzusetzen und kommunale Aufgabenerfüllung aufrecht zu erhalten. Die Arbeit liefert sowohl theoretische als auch praktische Beiträge auf Grundlage einer systematischen Literaturanalyse, der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Experteninterviews und einem Use Case. Die Arbeit erforscht digitale Zwillinge bei Kommunen explorativ nach dem Design-Science-Ansatz und legt einen Forschungsrahmen sowie eine praktische Orientierungshilfe für Kommunen vor. Die Analyse von Einsatzbereichen, Veränderungspotenzialen und Rahmenbedingungen zeigt, wie digitale Zwillinge Kommunen unterstützen können, sofern bereits jetzt Grundsteine gelegt werden.An increasing degree of tension between limited resources and continuous expansion of responsibilities weighs on German municipalities in times of multiple crises. Technical innovations such as digital twins could be useful instruments for using communal resources more efficiently and for preserving the performance of communal tasks. This paper provides both theoretical and practical contributions based on a systematic literature review, qualitative content analysis of expert interviews and a use case. The thesis explores digital twins in municipalities using the design science approach and provides a research framework and practical guidance for municipalities. By analysing the areas of application, change potentials and frame work conditions, the thesis reveals how digital twins can support municipalities, if important groundwork will be laid now