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Reputation, Self-Concept & Profit. Neural Value Representation and Bounded Ethicality as Constituent Concepts in Moral-economic Relations
No full textThe PhD project investigates neural correlates of individual decision-making with regard to normative information in economic settings. In two studies, hypotheses were tested that address recruitment of specific brain areas for integration of value- based information. It is assumed that an abstract value is assigned to choice options in a decision-making process allowing to balance options not only with regard to potential gain in financial aspects, but also considering social and normative aspects. The literature suggests that distinct brain areas in the prefrontal cortex, which is important for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and judging, are involved in attributing and integrating parameters for valuation, resulting in a subjective value triggering a choice. This is coined neural value representation.The thesis aims at examining to which extent neuroscientific research can contribute to the study of behavioral (business) ethics and the conceptual framing of this field of research. In traditional moral philosophy, the distinction between deontological and utilitarian behavior is drawn frequently and while this is a fundamental theoretical contribution, the question remains whether this is a valid approach for describing intentions and motivations of individuals in specific situations from the perspective of cognitive processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows to identify relative activation of quite specific spatial regions in the brain. Experimental designs that rely on categorizable behavioral responses of subjects can suggest structure function relationships in the brain which can be put into context with aspects of observable behavior. Studies on empathy (prosocial behavior) and utility (expected value) have shown that preference can be shaped by several motives which correlate with activation in specific brain areas. It could even be shown that subjects derive from their typical choice patterns when the dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex was stimulated externally.For the thesis, data of almost 50 subjects was acquired, prepared for preprocessing and taken into account for first and second level analysis. While in one study food brands were used to assess subjects’ processing of potentially rewarding input based on differing normative attributes of brands, in another incentivized study subjects had the opportunity to maximize their financial outcome by engaging in unethical behavior (i.e., cheating). Both studies reveal insights into decision-making processes in situations close to real-world scenarios. Data analysis could show evidence and tendencies regarding involvement of activation patterns allowing to better understand the motives for a certain decision. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the paradigms in terms of their predictive power considering real-world decision-making.A theoretical reflection combines the approaches and suggests that individual decision-making can contribute to better understanding of corporate structures in consumer markets as motivations are based on criteria that established to evaluate distinct entities with regard to their favorability. Corporations (coming to the consumer most often in the shape of a brand) have the property of serving as the reference unit for such evaluations. Using the concept of brands in this regard can not only help to assess CSR activities as something inherent to economic activity and added value, but also allows for investigation of consumer attitudes by using concepts of empathy
Developing Digital Classical Concert Stream Offerings – A Typology of Audience Preferences
No full textInnovationen im Krisenmanagement: Chancen und Herausforderungen für Verwaltung und Gesellschaft nach der Corona Pandemie. Bericht zum Workshop.
No full textIm Rahmen des InnoLok-Workshops erörterten Wissenschaftler:innen und Praktiker:innen zukunftsfähige Strategien im Krisenmanagement, wobei der Fokus nicht nur auf technologischen Innovationen und agilen Verwaltungsstrukturen lag, sondern auch auf sozialen Strukturen. Die Teilnehmenden unterstrichen die Bedeutung einer agilen und resilienten Verwaltung, die in der Lage ist, auf Krisen fle-xibel zu reagieren und Technologien nutzerzentriert zu entwickeln. Zudem wurde hervorgehoben, dass eine effektive interne Kommunikation innerhalb der Verwaltung und ein starkes soziales Gefüge in der Gesellschaft entscheidend sind, um sowohl soziale als auch technische Infrastrukturen zu stärken. Besonders betont wurde auch die Notwendigkeit einer engen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Forschung und Praxis, um eine multidisziplinäre und integrierte Krisenbewältigung zu realisieren, die gesellschaftliche Resilienz nachhaltig stärkt
Smart Government
No full textHeute trifft bereits mit enormer Wucht die nächste technische Entwicklungswelle auf den öffentlichen Sektor. Industrie und Wirtschaft, Politik und Verwaltung, Bürger und Gesellschaft werden mit smarten Objekten und cyberphysischen Systemen, mit dem Internet der Dinge und dem Internet der Dienste konfrontiert. Schlagworte wie „Industrie 4.0“, „Verwaltung 4.0“, „Smart Factory“, „Smart City“ und „Smart Government“ wirkten zunächst als Slogans und Leitbilder in eine digitalisierte Zukunft. Für Visionäre, gestaltungsorientierte Wissenschaftler, Stadt- und Raumplaner, IT-Berater und IT-Verkäufer bieten sie noch heute immer einen weiten Interpretations- und Gestaltungsraum. Die öffentliche Verwaltung in Deutschland ist dagegen noch überwiegend damit beschäftigt, die Grundlagen für E-Government zu legen. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll aufgezeigt werden, welche Begriffe, Leitbilder und Modelle sich hinter dem Anglizismus „Smart Government“ verbergen und warum es für die öffentliche Verwaltung dennoch äußerst wichtig ist, sich frühzeitig mit den sich daraus ergebenden Szenarien, Umsetzungen, Veränderungen und Dystopien zu beschäftigen. Im Rahmen der zunehmenden Digitalisierung wirken diese schon längst auf den Lebensalltag. Durch ihre Potentiale zur Disruption werden sie zudem weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen
Kommunale Verwaltungen und freiwilliges Engagement: Chancen und Hindernisse der Kooperation in Zeiten komplexer Herausforderungen
No full textVirtual Racing als Real Racing – Inszenierungen und Rezeption der Formel 1 während der Covid-19-Pandemie
No full textDigital Participation and Co-creation in Smart Cities: From Current Scenario to an AI-Driven Future
No full textThis doctoral research investigates citizen participation carried out through digital technology in smart cities, in a regular and standardized way, excluding ad hoc experiments. Specifically, the study focuses on two forms of collaboration: participation and co-creation, with tangential observations on co-production. This dissertation presents concepts related to smart cities, participation, and co-creation, with a focus on understanding the current situation and exploring opportunities for improvement.To address the present situation, a qualitative research approach utilizing multiple case studies was employed. Empirical evidence was gathered through interviews, observation, and document analysis from a selection of 14 cities out of a larger set of 150 cities included in smart cities rankings. Considering improvements required adopting a design science perspective, which allows for the exploration of potential scenarios grounded in reality. Nevertheless, this research does not aim to create artifacts for implementation with the rigor of the Design Science Research (DSR) approach, although some very interesting tests have been conducted to demonstrate the applicability of artificial intelligence within the context of digital participation.Overall, this doctoral research contributes to the understanding of digital participation in smart cities, encompassing the current landscape and providing insights into future possibilities
Audiences’ aesthetic experiences: Onsite and streaming concert situations
No full textThe advent of music reproduction technologies in the 19th century fostered new ways of listening to music other than live concerts (see Thorau & Ziemer, 2019). They also shaped our understanding of performances as live (Auslander, 2023). Other than onsite – in the co- presence of the performers – concerts can be attended in cinemas or one’s living room, thanks to their streaming on screens (e.g., Baade & Deaville, 2016). How do the video-streaming and the different settings influence the aesthetic experience and the perception of liveness? What characterizes performances as live?In four concert experiments (Live vs. Stream, Neurolive, Digital Concert Experiences, and Multilive), we investigate and compare audiences’ experiences during onsite and various forms of video-streaming concert situations. We employ both inductive and deductive approaches and combine quantitative and qualitative methods, such as questionnaires, physiological measures, and interviews. Experimental designs are both within- and between- subject.Results show specificities for each concert situation. The experiences of communion and closeness to the musicians are relevant features of onsite concerts but are also triggered during streaming versions of performances. The traditional idea of live indicating co-presence is challenged by media technologies. More data will uncover further variables that determine a situated perception of liveness and eventually depict what characterizes onsite concerts more specifically. These studies also assess methodologies to empirically investigate audiences’ experiences in naturalistic environments. Systematic integration of mixed- methods approaches in reproducible research designs is essential to increase repeatability and validity in future studies