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The SPIRou Legacy Survey: Detection of a nearby world orbiting in the habitable zone of Gl725B achieved by correcting strong telluric contamination in near-infrared radial velocities with WAPITI
No full textM dwarfs are prime targets in the search for exoplanets because of their prevalence and because low-mass planets can be better detected with radial velocity (RV) methods. In particular, the near-infrared (NIR) spectral domain offers an increased RV sensitivity and potentially reduced stellar activity signals. Howevern precise NIR RV measurements can be strongly affected by telluric absorption lines from the Earth's atmosphere. We searched for planets orbiting Gl 725 B, a nearby late-M dwarf at pc, using high-precision SPIRou RV observations. We assessed the impact of telluric contamination and evaluated the performance of the weighted principal component analysis reconstruction method (WAPITI), designed to mitigate these systematics and improve planet detectability. Using synthetic and observational SPIRou data, we simulated telluric effects on RVs under varying barycentric Earth radial velocity (BERV) conditions and applied WAPITI to correct line-by-line RVs. The method was tested through injection-recovery experiments and applied to real SPIRou observations of Gl 725 B. WAPITI efficiently corrects telluric contamination in simulated and real datasets, enhancing the detectability and accuracy of planetary signals. We identify a two-planet system around Gl 725 B composed of a candidate inner planet (Gl 725 Bb) with a period of days and semi-amplitude m.s, and a confirmed outer planet (Gl 725 Bc) with a period of days and semi-amplitude m.s. Their minimum masses are and M, respectively, and the outer planet lies in the habitable zone. Using a multi-dimensional Gaussian process framework to model stellar activity, we also recover a stellar rotation period of days
Should I? How moral ambiguity shapes entrepreneurial action
No full textThis paper advances a model of moral ambiguity in entrepreneurial action. Our model specifies the mechanisms surrounding moral responsibility, moral motivation, and the moral threshold through which perceived moral ambiguity shapes action. Specifically, we theorize (a) the interpretative elements that steer how the entrepreneur attributes moral responsibility and establishes moral motivation, (b) how multiple opposing interpretations can create attributional or motivational moral ambiguity, and (c) how the entrepreneur can process such ambiguity to make moral judgment. We then discuss how our model extends prior work on both ethics in entrepreneurship and moral approbation theory, and we outline research opportunities on moral ambiguity and judgment
Food insecurity and self-reported markers of health across multiple bodily systems:associations with diet quality, mental wellbeing, gut symptoms, and immunity
No full textAim: Explore the associations between food insecurity (FI) with dietary quality and markers of mental wellbeing, gastrointestinal symptoms, and immune status among United Kingdom (UK)-based adults.Subject and methods: An online questionnaire was administered to 953 UK-based adults, including 210 individuals living with FI, to evaluate FI status, diet quality and a series of health outcomes. FI was measured using the 6-item U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Survey. Diet quality was assessed using the Easy Diet Screener. Health outcomes included markers of mental wellbeing (Perceived Stress Scale and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale), gastrointestinal symptoms (Short Health Scale for Gastrointestinal Symptoms) and self-reported immune status (Immune Status Questionnaire, CISRI score and antibiotic use). Cross-sectional associations were explored using logistic regression, with data presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Participants living with FI had almost threefold greater odds of following a Western dietary pattern (OR=2.67, 95%CI [1.85, 3.91], p<0.001). FI was associated with multiple negative health outcomes including greater odds of high perceived stress (OR=3.12, 95%CI [2.10, 4.63], p<0.001), reduced self-reported immune status (OR=1.91, 95%CI [1.31, 2.77], p<0.001), and gastrointestinal symptoms (OR=2.30, 95%CI [1.39, 3.75], p<0.001).Conclusion: These findings support the accumulating body of evidence that FI is linked with multiple adverse health outcomes and highlight it as a multi-system health risk factor. Tackling FI should be a major public health and policy priority. <br/
Can African penguins be brought back from the brink? Better designed no-fishing zones could help
No full textAssouad spectrum of Gatzouras-Lalley carpets
No full textWe study the fine local scaling properties of a class of self-affine fractal sets called Gatzouras–Lalley carpets. More precisely, we establish a formula for the Assouad spectrum of all Gatzouras–Lalley carpets as the concave conjugate of an explicit piecewise-analytic function combined with a simple parameter change. Our formula implies a number of novel properties for the Assouad spectrum not previously observed for dynamically invariant sets; in particular, the Assouad spectrum can be a non-trivial differentiable function on the entire domain (0, 1) and can be strictly concave on open intervals. Our proof introduces a general framework for covering arguments using techniques developed in the context of multifractal analysis, including the method of types from large deviations theory and Lagrange duality from optimisation theory
Chimpanzees’ working memory is not affected by the presence and activity of zoo visitors
No full textCognitive research in non-human primates is increasingly conducted in zoos, where zoo visitors are likely to be present and observe the testing sessions. Previous zoo research has shown that such presence can modulate cognitive performance in monkeys, but similar investigations on great apes are still lacking. Here, we investigated the influence of the presence and activity level of zoo visitors on eight chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) while they completed a working memory task with various difficulty levels. We also recorded whether their conspecifics were present or not in the testing area, and their approximate physical distance. We found that the presence and activity level of the visitors had no effect on chimpanzees’ working memory, regardless of the cognitive demands of the task. Similarly, the presence of conspecifics and how far they were from the individual being tested was not found to significantly influence performance either. These non-significant effects were supported by Bayesian analyses giving support for the null hypotheses. These results suggest that zoo-living chimpanzees are not distracted by visitors when completing a cognitive task. We suggest new directions to further explore social presence effects in great apes
Residential mobility and housing tenure among immigrants and their descendants:a cross-national analysis of five European countries
No full textUnderstanding the housing and residential mobility of migrant populations is crucial to facilitate their integration into host societies. Yet, little is known about their experiences across generations, origin groups, and country contexts. This study investigates residential mobility and housing changes among immigrants and their descendants in five European countries (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Sweden) with different housing markets and migrant populations. Using longitudinal data from 2010 to 2019, we first compare the risk of a residential move across migrant generations, origins groups, and host countries. We then study the propensity to move to different housing tenure types (i.e., homeownership, private renting, and social renting). We find distinct patterns of residential moves among migrant generations and origin groups. First, immigrants’ residential mobility levels vary across origin groups and country contexts. However, we generally find lower mobility for the second generation compared to the first in all groups. Second, in all countries, immigrants, especially from non-European countries, are less likely to move to homeownership and more likely to move to social or private renting than the native populations. Some of the differences decline across migrant generations, however, we still find lower levels of mobility to homeownership and a higher propensity of moving to social renting among some descendant groups. This study sheds light on persistent differences in residential mobility and housing patterns among immigrants and their descendants in Europe and contributes to a better understanding of the role of the country context in assimilation of housing behaviour and perpetuating housing inequalities
Students as carbon accountants:calculating carbon costs of a PhD in neuroscience
No full textResearch is an energy and resource-demanding activity. However, despite emerging sustainability initiatives, a paucity of data and uptake of green initiatives continues to hamper effective and accountable emissions mitigation. Worldwide, >250,000 doctoral students graduate annually across all academic disciplines. Empowering students to engage in carbon accounting can raise awareness of sustainability in research, and provide a substantial and robust resource of carbon data alongside a powerful community-driven impetus for decarbonisation. Here, we demonstrate how students and other researchers can consistently measure the carbon footprint of their work, using one PhD student’s research in a Drosophila neuroscience lab as our case study. We present a life-cycle assessment of the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) generated by the student’s research activities. Moreover, weexplain how students can create a ‘carbon appendix’ to their research, as a common framework for disseminating carbon data and revealed strategies for improving research sustainability. We argue that the process of creating a carbon appendix can empower researchers to scrutinise sustainability practices, empower them to implement effective green initiatives and identify data-driven solutions to meet and exceed funders’ sustainability targets
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