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More to the picture than meets the eye:ecocinema, landscape, and James Benning's Deseret
No full textA central conceit of theories of ecocinema is that moving-image works can provide immersive experiences of place that cultivate more ecologically attuned forms of life. It has recently been argued, however, that such experience also tends to prompt viewers to master the places viewed by ascribing specific meaning and value to them. This perspective is tied to the persistent assertion that landscape is inherently ideological in ways that confound attempts to use it to model care for the natural world and critique ecologically destructive activities. Against this position, this article argues that work at the intersection of ecocinema and the landscape film can maintain a commitment to providing an instructive experience of place while also making space for 15 viewers to reflect on encultured responses to landscape and human histories that have shaped and defined the places pictured. It also cautions against making overly broad claims about landscape’s embodiment of utilitarian vision, while affirming the need to situate ecocinema and the landscape film within a lineage of visual culture beyond the moving image. These arguments are 20 pursued through a case study of James Benning’s Deseret (1995), which is situated against the history of landscape photography in the American West
Cybersecurity disclosure:board commitment and regulatory impact in the UK
No full textSynopsisThe Research ProblemThis study investigates the relationship between board commitment to cybersecurity governance (BCCG) and corporate cybersecurity disclosures (CSD) in the UK. It focuses on how the UK's Network and Information Systems (NIS) 2018 regulation influences this relationship, considering cyber threats’ rising complexity and frequency.MotivationWith the digital age’s escalating cybersecurity threats, strong cybersecurity governance and transparent disclosure practices have become crucial. The study seeks to understand whether a board's commitment to cybersecurity, particularly in the context of the NIS regulation, affects the extent of a company's CSD.The Test HypothesesThis study tests two hypotheses. The first hypothesis posits a positive association between BCCG and the extent of CSD. The second hypothesis contends that the UK's NIS 2018 regulation positively moderates the relationship between board commitment and CSD.Target PopulationThis study should be of interest to boards of directors, policymakers, regulators, and various stakeholder groups.Adopted MethodologyThe study employed textual analysis using Python to analyze corporate disclosures, fixed effect regressions, Difference-in-Differences (DID), and Propensity Score Matching analyses.AnalysesWe examined the relationship between BCCG and CSD against the backdrop of the UK's NIS 2018 regulation. We first assessed the extent of CSD in the UK FTSE 350 firms using Python-based textual analysis. Then, we conducted a regression analysis to assess the impact of BCCG on CSD and the moderating effect of the NIS regulation. This was complemented by a DiD analysis to evaluate the changes in CSD before and after the introduction of the NIS regulation.FindingsWe find that BCCG is positively associated with the extent of CSD, and that the NIS regulation positively moderates this relationship. Our evidence suggests that firms with a greater focus on cybersecurity governance at the board level (e.g., directors with IT expertise, the presence of IT committees and cybersecurity policies) demonstrate a higher commitment to managing and reporting cybersecurity risks and solutions. Moreover, using DiD analysis, we find a significant increase in CSD levels among firms subjected to NIS regulation compared to control firms, post-NIS regulation. Overall, our study suggests that the interplay of BCCG and macro-social factors, such as NIS regulation, enhances firms’ sensitivity to institutional and stakeholder pressures, leading them to increase their corporate CSD.Keywords: Cybersecurity disclosure, board commitment, NIS regulation, Python, Textual analysis, UK.<br/
Exploring techniques to distinguish between real images and those generated using stable diffusion XL
No full textThe recent development of text-to-image diffusion models has allowed us to quickly generate realistic images from textual prompts. Despite enabling innovation in particular domains, concerns have been raised over the prospect of malicious users posing synthetic images as genuine. To assess if it is possible to discern between real images and those generated using diffusion models, a novel convolutional neural network was built, trained and tested on a bespoke dataset formed of authentic images from the ImageNet dataset and corresponding synthetic images generated using Stable Diffusion XL: an open-source text-to-image diffusion model. With the public release of this dataset, it is currently the largest publicly accessible collection of images generated using Stable Diffusion XL, significantly contributing to future research in this area. The positive results from our experiment performing a binary classification of synthetic and real images demonstrate the effectiveness in detecting synthetic images, with up to 98.38% accuracy using a ResNet-18 baseline, and 97.24% with the proposed CNN
Doctoral journeys-beyond the doctorate:Ema Ushioda
No full textDoctoral Journeys-Beyond the Doctorate is a podcast and academic blog series
<i>Sintflut </i>and Sinai:Genesis 6–8’s allusion to Exodus 24–40
No full textThe Flood account in Gen. 6–8, which features extensive doublets, has served as the parade example of source division in the Pentateuch. This article presents the allusive relationship between the Flood account and the Sinai pericope (Exod. 24–40). Parallels between the two accounts cross P and J/non-P sources, which challenges the traditional source divisions in the Flood account, as well as the source and redaction models of the text built upon them. Parallels with Sinai also help to explain several notable doublets in the Flood account that have prompted its division into sources. This article proposes a new explanation for the composition of the Flood account: it is formed intertextually by drawing elements from multiple other texts
Phase diagram and dynamical phases of self-organization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a transversely pumped red-detuned cavity
No full textWe study a transversely pumped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a single-mode optical cavity, where effective atom-atom interactions are mediated by pump and cavity photons. A number of experiments and theoretical works have shown the formation of a superradiant state in this setup, where interference of pump and cavity light leads to an optical lattice in which atoms self-consistently organize. This self-organization has been extensively studied using the approximate Dicke model (truncating to two momentum states), as well as through numerical Gross-Pitaevskii simulations in one and two dimensions. Here, we perform a full mean-field analysis of the system, including all relevant atomic momentum states and the cavity field. We map out the steady-state phase diagram vs pump strength and cavity detuning, and provide an in-depth understanding of the instabilities that are linked to the emergence of spatiotemporal patterns. We find and describe parameter regimes where the mean field predicts bistability, regimes where the dynamics form chaotic trajectories, instabilities caused by resonances between normal mode excitations, and states with atomic dynamics but vanishing cavity field
Calving laws and where to find them
No full textCalving from tidewater glaciers and ice shelves is an important component of global mass balance and may contribute significantly to future sea-level rise. Current prognostic ice-sheet models cannot predict future calving losses because they lack a robust calving law. We argue that the key to finding a general calving law is to recognise that calving glaciers are stochastic dynamic systems that exhibit self-organisation. Collectively, calving events have statistical properties that reflect underlying fragmentation processes. These reflect distinct styles of calving and give rise to persistent patterns of advance and retreat, including fluctuations around pinning points and periods of instability and transition. These patterns motivate a stochastic calving function scaled to the stress within the ice, which we demonstrate in a set of model experiments with Elmer/Ice, for synthetic geometries representative of a Greenland outlet glacier and an Antarctic ice shelf. Self-organising behaviour emerges spontaneously from the model, including expected calving-size distributions and system convergence on quasi-stable states. The model simulates calving behaviour over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and produces short calving cycles for a Greenland-type geometry and long cycles for an Antarctic shelf-type geometry. The long-standing calving law problem may yield to this kind of approach
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