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Dynamic effects of industrial policies amidst geoeconomic tensions
No full textAmid ongoing geoeconomic tensions, industrial policy has emerged as a prominent tool for policymakers. What are the dynamic and welfare effects of these policies? How does the short-sightedness of policymakers influence their choice of instruments? What are the distributional consequences of these protectionist measures? We address these questions with a dynamic two-country general equilibrium framework that incorporates firm heterogeneity, trade, and the offshoring of tasks. By calibrating the model to the contexts of the US and China, we explore the effects of three popular industrial policies: import tariffs, domestic production subsidies, and entry subsidies. Our findings indicate that, from an initial state free of interventions, myopic policymakers are incentivized to subsidize production, while those more forward-looking favor imposing import tariffs. Although all of these policies initially reduce wage inequality, some result in aggregate welfare losses, either in the short run or the long run
The effect of common humanity on forgiveness and collective action does not generalise to all victim groups
No full textPrior work has found that making common human identity salient increases forgiveness of perpetrators but reduces collective action intentions among victims of historical atrocities. We conducted three experiments to investigate the generalisability of this effect among Alevis—a religious minority found mainly in Turkey. Study 1 (N = 222) found that the common human identity manipulation was unsuccessful and did not lead to differences in forgiveness of perpetrators or collective action intentions among Alevis. In Study 2 (N = 164), we conducted the same experiment and asked an open-ended question about norms associated with Alevism. The results replicated the null effects in Study 1, additionally showing that the social norms of Alevis relate to being humanist and peaceful. Study 3 (N = 183) tested the role of Alevis’ humanist norms as a potential moderator of the inclusiveness effect. We again found that the common human identity manipulation did not affect forgiveness or collective action intentions, nor did Alevism norms moderate this effect. We discuss the importance of generalising social psychological findings to different cultural contexts and different victim groups.</p
Sad reflections of positive past selves:reduced emotional benefit of central life events during depression
No full textPositive central life events are positive past events that are perceived to be central to one’s identity. These events are thought to have important self-enhancing functions, such as promoting wellbeing, self-esteem, and positive emotions in healthy individuals. Research on how individuals with depression respond to positive central life events is scarce. However, evidence from studies examining responses to positive memories more broadly, suggests that individuals with depression respond differently to positive memories than individuals with no history of depression. These findings raise the question of whether individuals with depression may not benefit from positive central life events in the same way as healthy individuals. The current study aimed to address this question by investigating how individuals with past or cur- rent depression respond to positive central life events compared to individuals who have never been depressed. We asked never-depressed individuals, individuals with past depression, and individuals with current depression to report two posi- tive life events that they viewed as central to their identity. Participants rated the intensity of happiness, intensity of sad- ness, brooding, and self-incongruency experienced in response to each event. Individuals with current depression reported less intense happiness, and greater self-incongruency when thinking about their positive central life events, compared to individuals without a depression history. Individuals with past depression did not differ from never-depressed individuals on any of the outcome measures. These findings suggest that dampened happiness and reduced ability to relate to positive central life events may reflect a concomitant phenomenon of current depressive episode rather than a lasting vulnerability in individuals with past depression. However, further research is needed to confirm this possibility. This includes studies investigating how individuals with past and current depression respond to positive central life events that are retrieved spontaneously in everyday life. Future studies should also address whether the impairment may become more persistent with a higher number of past depressive episodes. In addition, due to the largely female university sample in the present study, there is a need to confirm the results in non-students and other genders
Pre-registration students learning together in clinical practice: the impact on staff, students and people. Protocol for a scoping review
No full text‘What is Worth More: Art or Life?’: Rethinking Art History with and Against Just Stop Oil
No full textResponding to their recent dissolution, this article reflects on the implications of Just Stop Oil for art history. I challenge the widespread assumption that art is inherently separated from climate action which underpinned both supportive and critical reactions to two protests which the British environmentalist group staged at the National Gallery, London. While many museums reinforced this perspective by denouncing these interventions, I contend that the sector could more effectively respond by striving to galvanize the potential of art to inspire a cultural transformation which might bolster and facilitate the teleological solutions to climate change which are currently prioritized
A Phenomenological Study of the Accretion Disk in the Super-Eddington AGN I Zw 1
No full textThe structure of the accretion disk in AGN is still an unsolved question, especially how it may change with Eddington ratio. Here we examine the accretion disk in the super-Eddington AGN I Zw 1 using reverberation mapping of the optical continuum. We use three years of optical monitoring with Las Cumbres Observatory at sub-day cadence in . The lag-wavelength spectrum, calculated using the cross correlation method and PyROA, shows a -band excess. PyROA lags are equally well fitted with a thin and slim disk profile. The UV/optical AGN spectral energy distribution is consistent with a thin disk. The disk size at 4495 Å for a thin disk model is and for a slim disk model is , larger by a factor of than the fiducial disk size of as determined using the Eddington ratio. We find evidence of different size scales probed with different variability timescales. Lags evaluated at longer variability timescales increase as do frequency-resolved lags at low frequencies, which we interpret as an additional secondary reprocessor at large radii consistent with the broad-line region (BLR) in I Zw 1. The high frequency lags, predicted well with just a disk, are fit with a thin disk profile and a size of . This indicates that the actual disk size may be on the order of the fiducial size. We also collate the most extensive set of directly measured internal sizes of an AGN, from optical to mid-infrared with reverberation mapping and optical interferometry. Assuming that the disk is indeed the fiducial size, these show little evidence that the accretion disk extends into the BLR significantly, tentatively disfavouring the failed radiatively accelerated dust driven outflow BLR formation model
A global image-based data repository of killer whale interactions with elasmobranchs
No full textKiller whales (Orcinus orca) are cosmopolitan apex predators that interact with numerous species, including sharks, skates, and rays (subclass Elasmobranchii). Interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs have garnered attention from the scientific community, but the dynamics of these events are poorly understood, as interactions are often challenging to observe. In this study, we collated imagery of interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs to create the first image-based repository of interspecific interactions between marine predators. A total of 320 photos and videos from 82 unique interactions were collected from 12 countries. A minimum of 18 elasmobranch species across 16 genera were identified from the imagery. Furthermore, 10 different interaction types were documented, encompassing both predatory and non-predatory behavior. This dataset can provide insight into various research topics, including killer whale predation techniques, elasmobranch behavior, and the identification of individual killer whales that specialize in elasmobranch prey. As a new and openly accessible resource, this dataset provides the foundation to support future ecological and behavioral research on killer whale and elasmobranch interactions.</p
Infectious disease outbreak controllability:biological, social and public health factors
No full textEarly in an infectious disease outbreak, key policy questions include whether and how the outbreak can be brought under control. In the epidemiological modelling literature, analyses of outbreak controllability have often focused on metrics such as reproduction numbers (which quantify the number of infections generated by each infected individual). However, whether an outbreak can be controlled is a complex question, depending on both the precise definition of ‘under control’ used and numerous factors affecting decision-makers’ ability to implement transmission-reducing measures. Here, based on discussions at the Isaac Newton Institute’s ‘Modelling and inference for pandemic preparedness’ programme (5–30 August 2024), we describe a wide range of factors affecting outbreak controllability in practice. Programme participants came from institutions in ten countries, enabling discussions to reflect experiences of using models to inform policy in different settings. We divide the factors according to whether they relate predominantly to characteristics of the pathogen, host population or available interventions, and describe policy considerations when assessing whether an outbreak is controllable
Survival of the Exeter V40 hemiarthroplasty femoral component and associated complications:an eight-year review of 3,050 cases from a major trauma centre
No full textAims: Polished taper slip (PTS) designs are widely used in cemented hip hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular native hip fractures (NHFs), though concerns persist regarding PTS association with higher postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (POPFF) risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Exeter V40 cemented femoral component in the management of NHFs. This study prioritized evaluating survival, reoperations of the index hip joint, and major complications including intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (IOPFF), POPFF, infection, and dislocation.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty with the Exeter V40 PTS femoral component for NHF at a single hospital between 1 February 2016 and 30 June 2024. Patient demographic details, time to theatre, surgical and medical management, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and mortality were collected. Reoperation and mortality were calculated to final follow-up. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent associations with revision or fixation adjusted for confounders.Results: A total of 3,050 hip hemiarthroplasties in 2,948 patients were identified (69% female, median age 83 years (IQR 76 to 88)). Overall, 75 patients (2.5%) required reoperation, yielding a prosthesis-time incidence rate per 1,000 prosthesis-years (PTIR) of 10.7 (95% CI 8.4 to 13.4), with POPFF PTIR 5.1 per 1,000 prosthesis-years, infection PTIR 3.43 (95% CI 2.20 to 5.10), and dislocation PTIR 3.28 (95% CI 2.08 to 4.93). Male sex was an independent predictor of poor survival, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.85 (95% CI 1.76 to 4.60). Intraoperative fracture incidence was 0.9%, with the majority occurring at trial reduction (0.6%). Survival of the Exeter V40 femoral component was 97.6% (95% CI 96.9 to 98.4) at three years.Conclusion: The Exeter V40 femoral component demonstrates acceptable performance in hip hemiarthroplasty for NHF, with low rates of POPFF and femoral component revision. Male sex is an independent risk factor for reoperation of the index hip joint. Surgeons should exercise caution during trial reduction to minimize intraoperative fracture risk. These findings support its continued use in hip hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients.</p
Photoluminescence turn-on method to determine the kinetics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials
No full textThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is a desirable emission mechanism that can translate into highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes. Conventionally, the TADF kinetics have been extracted by analysing the transient photoluminescence (PL) of the emitters in combination with measurements of their PL quantum yield. However, measuring transient PL can be challenging, as the emission decay of a TADF emitter occurs over a large range of intensities and timescales. The huge dynamic range can make it difficult to match data from early and late processes in the decay together. Here, we introduce a novel measurement that enables rate constants to be extracted from the turn-on of the PL of TADF emitters. In our approach, the prompt and delayed PL can be measured in a single measurement where the PL intensity changes only over one order of magnitude, thereby overcoming the problem of a huge dynamic range. This approach enables a much faster measurement of the excited-state dynamics than conventional transient PL methods, whilst using less expensive equipment. Our method also allows for the reliable estimation of prompt and delayed emission contributions. It could enable high-throughput screening of the photophysics of TADF materials and so accelerate the identification of highly promising TADF emitters
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