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Do the means justify the ends? Entrepreneurs’ moral legitimacy in religious networks
No full textWe build theory on how religious entrepreneurs construct and sustain moral legitimacy when profit-seeking is morally contested within their religious network. Examining Evangelical Christian entrepreneurs in Scotland, we use institutional complexity to analyse how profit-faith tensions arise in everyday venture building. Our analysis identifies three strategies through which entrepreneurs render profit-making morally acceptable within religious networks: (1) stewardship framing of profit, (2) selective generosity, and (3) strategic evangelism. While these strategies enable entrepreneurs to sustain moral legitimacy, they are constrained by boundary conditions that intensify scrutiny, in particular, resource scarcity and time constraints. We theorise moral legitimation as a multi-site evaluative process in which profit is judged across entrepreneurs’ motives (why profit is generated), means (how profit is generated), and ends (when tensions become most acute)
Clustering-enhanced time- and angle-resolved photoemission study of LaTe<sub>3</sub>:absence of a photoinduced secondary charge density wave in the electronic structure
No full textOptical control offers a compelling route for tailoring material properties on an ultrafast time scale. Ordered states such as charge density waves (CDWs) can be transiently melted by an ultrafast light excitation. This is also the case for the rare-earth tritelluride LaTe3, a prototypical CDW compound. For this material it has recently been reported that the suppression of the primary CDW allows the transient formation of a second CDW, whose wave vector is orthogonal to the primary one. This creates the intriguing scenario where light enables switching between two distinct ordered phases of the material. While the second CDW has so far been observed by structural techniques, it remains an open question how the interplay of the two CDW phases is reflected in the material's electronic structure. We investigate this via time- and angle-resolved photoemission measurements of LaTe3. The complex Fermi contour is probed using a FeSuMa analyzer, which records the photoemission intensity of the entire Fermi contour at once. The dynamics revealed by the FeSuMa analyzer are complemented by measurements using a conventional hemispherical electron analyzer. We combine conventional data analysis with -means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique, demonstrating its strong potential for disentangling large datasets. While we do not find any features that cannot be explained by the melting and reestablishment of the primary CDW, distinct dynamics and coherent oscillations are observed in the different branches of the Fermi contour
Art, environment, and the expanded landscape:a dialogue
No full textThis dialogue brings into conversation two recent volumes on landscape. While they take different approaches, both Stephanie O’Rourke’s Picturing Landscape in an Age of Extraction (University of Chicago Press, 2025) and Kelly Presutti’s Land into Landscape (Yale University Press, 2024) foreground the potential for landscape to reveal new facets of our historical and present relationship to the environment. O’Rourke’s book explores what she calls the “pictorial protocols” of extraction—that is, how representing a landscape in a given way enabled it to be conceptualized and treated according to the logic of resource extraction in the late eighteenth through mid-nineteenth centuries. Alongside this, it considers how such representations structured emerging ideas about race, climate, and waste. Presutti focuses on the making of an ideal French landscape and the real environments that needed to be transformed in order to suit that ideal. Considering work produced in a wide range of media over the course of a century, she makes an argument for landscape as a collective, intermedial process of negotiation and contestation between state power, local inhabitants, and the environment. In conversation, Presutti and O’Rourke comment on the current state of landscape studies, working with intermedial archives, and how our contemporary moment remains shaped by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century ideas about nature
One-dimensional heterocyclic carbene–Au metal–organic frameworks bridging ultra-high vacuum models and scalable liquid-phase growth
No full textThe controlled design of molecule–metal interfaces is central to the development of functional nanomaterials for catalysis, sensing, and molecular electronics. Here we show that the adsorption of a Janus-type diimidazolium precursor on gold yields one-dimensional (1D) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–Au–NHC metal organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring positively charged gold nodes. Using synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), we demonstrate that thermal activation promotes counterion removal and drives the formation of extended 1D arrays, characterized by ∼1.0 nm Au–Au spacing and adatom densities up to 0.6 atom nm−2 (∼4% of surface atoms). Importantly, we translate this ultra-high vacuum (UHV) benchmark into a scalable solution-phase protocol in ethanol, enabling 1D-MOF growth under mild, base-free, open-air conditions. The resulting films retain structural and electronic signatures of UHV-grown systems, bridging model studies and practical synthesis. This approach establishes NHC–metal frameworks as accessible, tunable platforms for catalysis and materials design
Low-latitude glaciation in the Cretaceous greenhouse:reviewing the cryosphere reach during an archetypal hothouse Earth
No full textThe traditional "Hothouse–Icehouse" dichotomy and the prevailing "Cretaceous greenhouse" narrative fail to accurately represent the geological record. Geological evidence reveals an unknown Late Cretaceous glaciation (82.8–80.96 Ma, the Campanian Barrika glaciation), with tidewater glaciers grounded at an unusually low palaeolatitude (35°N), at a time when Mesozoic temperatures have been modelled near their highest. The Barrika glaciation constitutes the last known low-latitude glaciation on Earth since the Last Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which reached 30°N. The Barrika glaciation is characterized by a remarkably well-preserved glaciomarine record of subtropical tidewater glaciers associated with outlets of an extensive ice cap in Iberia. Our multiproxy analysis reveals five distinct glaciomarine units, indicative of glacial advances and retreats with a 360-kyr spacing. Calving fronts of tidewater glaciers delivered large icebergs to the palaeo-Atlantic Ocean. This glaciation correlates with a peak of ultra-depleted δD ice-sheet-related meltwater signals from Antarctica and other independent indicators of global change. This discovery of a low-latitude glaciation during a purported 'hothouse' period fundamentally challenges simplified Cretaceous climate models. It underscores the critical need for refined paleoclimate proxies and integrated Earth system modelling to fully comprehend such transient yet significant glacial episodes. The robust multiproxy workflow developed for the Barrika glaciation offers a powerful tool for identifying other unknown glaciations in deep-time greenhouse stages. Despite its generally warm reputation, the 77.06-million-year-long Cretaceous Period surprisingly records the lowest latitudinal glaciation since the Paleozoic. Remarkably, 55% of this time shows evidence of meltwaters linked to Antarctic ice sheets, with ice-rafted debris and glacial deposits present for 53% of the period. Glendonites, indicators of cold conditions, are found in 24% of Cretaceous time, and glacio-eustasy played a significant role in short-term sea-level changes for a striking 86% of the period. Collectively, this evidence of an active Cretaceous cryosphere is strengthened by evidence of permafrost in plateaus and high-altitude deserts, coupled by robust geochemical palaeoclimate proxies. Our findings suggest that the conventional 'hothouse–icehouse' scheme applied on deep-time climate requires reconsideration, pointing instead to a much more complex Earth climate evolution that will require a thorough re-evaluation of geochemical proxies used during the Mesozoic
Building and Retaining a Generalist Medical Workforce for Remote Northern Communities
No full textThis open session will consider educational solutions to one of the North’s most stubborn problems: too few doctors willing or prepared to serve remote, rural, coastal andisland communities. The session will comprise 7× 8-minute talks, each followed by a focused 3-minute Q&A, which will be selected from peer-reviewed abstracts that demonstrate concrete, scalable solutions. Illustrative topics include:- community-embedded undergraduate and postgraduate medical education models;- bonded-scholarship or bursary schemes that align graduate obligations with local workforce gaps;- digital mentorship, tele-supervision and learning networks that combat professional isolation;- integrating indigenous and other local knowledges into curricula to enhance cultural relevance; and- policy levers (licensing flexibilities, rotational career paths, housing incentives) that improve retention.Speakers may present both published evidence and lived experience, which will enable representation from universities, community/political leaders, indigenous organisations and early-career clinicians. Emphasis will be placed on measurable outcomes (e.g. practice location after five years) and on lessons transferable across different national systems
Revealing “unequal natures”—the paradox of water vulnerability for people on the periphery of Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
No full textThe Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, in southeastern Mexico, is a major conservation area known for its tropical forests, emblematic wildlife species, and long history of Maya occupation. Established in 1989 as a federal Natural Protected Area, it was incorporated into UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Program in 1993 and designated a mixed World Heritage Site in 2014. Its socioecological trajectory is distinctive: conservation efforts advanced alongside the contemporary rural settlement resulting from agrarian reform and subsequent development and welfare policies. This article examines the persistent imbalance between ecological conservation and socioeconomic development surrounding the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, focusing on water vulnerability in adjacent communities. The study integrates environmental history with household-level survey data on water access and vulnerability among 200 households in eight communities in the Biosphere Reserve’s transition zone, complemented by interviews with key water-management stakeholders. We document the consolidation of conservation through management plans, advisory councils, payments for ecosystem services, scientific research, and expanding voluntary conservation areas. Yet these advances contrast sharply with everyday socioeconomic realities: 68% of households face prolonged water scarcity, with an average of more than 30 days annually without water. Calakmul’s case highlights structural mismatch between conservation and local human well-being in Natural Protected Areas contexts
Methodological assumptions and limitations of life expectancy estimates for minoritised ethnic groups in the UK:implications for validity, practice, and policy
No full textExperimental life expectancy estimates calculated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) for the period 2011 to 2014 show significantly longer life expectancy for minoritised ethnic groups in England and Wales when compared with the white majority. These findings are in contrast to a large body of evidence of poorer health outcomes among certain minoritised ethnic groups (predominately Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, Gypsy/Traveller and Pakistani groups), and have serious practice and policy implications if taken as definitive. We examine the data and methodology used by the ONS in producing these estimates, and consider the sources of error in that approach. We find that the estimates for minoritised ethnic groups exhibit high sensitivity to error that is not seen in the estimates for the White British population; although we note that even in our largest error scenario, many minoritised ethnic groups still have higher life expectancy than the White British group. Although the results are supported by evidence around the “healthy migrant” effect, and other global research on life expectancy by ethnic group, there is a risk that the ONS’ life expectancy estimates of minoritised ethnic groups may be being inflated due to the large amount of missing data among these groups, and the potential for those missing cohorts to be at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The ONS’ estimates, while clearly labelled as experimental, have been used in academia, policy and the press without necessary caveats. We remind researchers of the experimental nature of the ONS’ life expectancy by ethnic group estimates, and advise caution in how they are used
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