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BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH An exegetical and theological analysis of Jn 8, 1-11 in a communicative perspective
No full textStvarnost grijeha i njegovo osuđivanje od strane ljudi oduvijek je bilo prisutno među svim narodima otkako je povijesti. Upravo je to tema ovog diplomskog rada u kojemu ćemo analizirati Ivanov prikaz Isusovog susreta sa ženom zatečenom u preljubu (Iv 8, 1-11).
Kao što i sam naslov govori rad je posvećen egzegetsko-teološkoj analizi Iv 8, 1-11 u komunikacijskoj perspektivi. Budući da je riječ o novijem egzegetskom pristupu u prvom dijelu rada detaljnije ćemo ga predstaviti. U drugom dijelu pristupit ćemo znanstvenom istraživanju samog teksta analizirajući njegovu izvornost, kanoničnost i podrijetlo, određujući njegovo jedinstvo i strukturu te njegovo egzegetsko-teološko značenje kao i učinke koje izaziva u svojim današnjim čitateljima i slušateljima.
Iako ovaj tekst govori konkretno o grijehu preljuba, u njemu se zapravo otkriva mnogo više od toga. Naime, iz ovoga teksta možemo iščitati kako je Bog milosrdan i kako poziva ljude na kajanje i obraćenje, tj. na put života. Također, u njemu nas Isus poziva na ispravno tumačenje i ispunjavanje Zakona koje je Bog darovao čovjeku za život, a ne za smrt, te na put milosrđa i ljubavi koji oslobađa, a ne na put oholosti i lažne pravednosti koji zasljepljuje čovjeka vodeći ga putem osude i smrti.The awareness of sin and its condemntaion by man has always been present within all nations since the dawn of time. This idea shall be the topic of this disseration, in which we will analyse John's account of Jesus' encounter with a woman caught in adultery (Jn 8: 1-11).
As the title itself says, the paper is dedicated to the exegetical-theological analysis of Jn 8: 1-11 in a communicative perspective. Since this is a new exegetical approach, in the first part of the paper we will present it in more detail. In the second part we will go over the scientific research of the text itself by analyzing its originality, canonicity and origin, determining its unity and structure and its exegetical-theological meaning as well as the effects they cause in today's readers and listeners.
Although this text speaks specifically about the sin of adultery, it actually covers much more than that. One such topic is God's merciful nature and how he invites people to repent and convert back to the path of life. Additionally we learn that Jesus invites us to correctly interpret and fulfill the law of God, which he has given to man in the name of life, not death, and to follow the path of mercy and love which liberates, not the path of pride and false righteousness that blinds man, leading him into judgement and death
Feast of St. Stephen
No full textOvaj rad govori o blagdanu svetoga Stjepana – prvomučenika. Na početku rada detaljno izlažemo kako lik, tako i djelo sveca. Prikazat ćemo prvu Crkvu, apostole, njihovo poslanje i predaju te judeo-kršćane i kršćane heleniste, čiji je Stjepan bio pripadnik. Među problemima s kojima se susretala prva kršćanska zajednica nalazimo govor o brizi oko udovica i raspodjele hrane i dobara, zbog čega se izabiru sedmorica muškaraca među kojima je i naš prvomučenik. On se istaknuo svojim vrlinama, životom i govorom o Mesiji, no njegove propovijedi i rad privlače zanimanje, a kasnije i bijes nekršćana, što rezultira mučeništvom i smrću. Prvi dio rada završavamo opisom Stjepanova blagdana i štovanja, posebice u našim krajevima, te prelazimo na drugi i treći dio, u kojem proučavamo molitve, odnosno čitanja ovoga blagdana. Molitve pronađene na latinskom i hrvatskom jeziku u prethodnom i važećem Rimskom misalu, kao i misna čitanja, kratko ćemo objasniti u duhu katoličke teologije.In this thesis we present feast of St. Stephen - the first martyr. At the beginning of the work, we detaily introduce both the character and the work of the saint. We will present the first Church, the apostles, their mission and tradition, and the Judeo-Christians and Christian Hellenists, of whom Stephen was a member. Among the problems the first Christian community faced, we can find talk about caring for widows and the distribution of food and goods, which is why seven men are chosen, including our first martyr. He excelled in his virtues, life, and discourse on the Messiah, but his sermons and work attracted the interest and later anger of non-Christians, resulting in martyrdom and death. We will bring to closure the first part of the paper with a description of St. Stephen's feast and worship, especially in our region, and move on to the second and third part, in which we study the prayers and readings of this holiday. Prayers found in Latin and Croatian language in the previous and valid Roman Missal, as well as mass readings, will be briefly explained in the spirit of Catholic theology
Understanding Suffering in the Context of Simone Weil's Thought
No full textOvaj diplomski rad pokušaj je razumijevanja patnje kroz misao francuske filozofkinje i mističarke Simone Weil. Prvi dio rada kratki je prikaz života S. Weil s posebnim naglaskom na njezino solidariziranje s patnjom žrtava rata i radničke klase kojoj je i sama pripadala. To iskustvo pretočeno je u filozofiju patnje S. Weil koju donosimo u drugom dijelu rada. Polazimo od pojma „težine” u odnosu prema milosti i važnosti čovjekova prepuštanja zrakama svjetlosne milosti koja ga izvlači iz špilje njegovih iluzija. U trećem i završnom dijelu radu uviđamo da je poimanje patnje S. Weil blisko kršćanskom poimanju patnje, posebno iskustvu duhovne tame nekih svetaca od kojih se posebno osvrćemo na misli Majke Terezije. Iako niti jedan čovjek ne može izbjeći patnju, središnja teza ovoga rada je da je zajedničko iskustvo patnje ono što povezuje ljude. Upravo kršćansko poimanje patnje u tom smislu je značajno jer uključuje to da kršćani nikada ne pate sami. Imaju Krista koji pati s njima i u toj patnji oni mogu pronaći radost.This thesis is an attempt to understand suffering through the thought of Simone Weil, a French philosopher and mystic. The first section is a brief biography of S. Weil, with a focus on her solidarity with the suffering of war victims and the working class to which she belonged. That experience was translated into S. Weil's philosophy of suffering, which we encounter in the second section. We begin with the concept of "gravity" in relation to grace and the significance of man surrendering to the rays of light grace that pull him out of his illusions' cave. In the third and final section, we see that S. Weil's understanding of suffering is similar to the Christian understanding of suffering, particularly the experience of the spiritual darkness of some saints, particularly Mother Teresa's thoughts. Although no human being is immune to suffering, the central thesis is that it is the shared experience of suffering that brings people together. In this regard, the Christian understanding of suffering is significant because it includes the fact that Christians never suffer alone. They have Christ who suffers with them and in that suffering, they can find joy
Saint Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits in Croatia
No full textTema diplomskoga rada predstavlja život svetog Ignacija Loyolskog i isusovaca u Hrvatskoj. Diplomski je rad podijeljen na četiri dijela. Prvi dio predstavlja Ignacijev život, nastanak i ustrojstvo isusovaca. Zatim, u drugome ćemo dijelu prikazati prvi dolazak isusovaca i njihovo osnivanje kolegija u Rijeci, Zagrebu i Dubrovniku. Također u drugome ćemo dijelu rada prikazati dolazak isusovaca nakon ponovnoga ustanovljenja Reda u 18. stoljeću. Treći će dio rada prikazati djelovanje isusovaca u Zagrebu, Rijeci, Dubrovniku i u 20. stoljeću. U posljednjemu dijelu diplomskoga rada prikazat ćemo doprinos isusovaca u vjersko kulturnome radu, teologiji, hrvatskome jeziku, znanosti i filozofiji.The topic of the graduate thesis is the life of St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits in Croatia. The graduate thesis is divided into four parts. The first part presents Ignatius' life, the origin, and organization of the Jesuits. Then, in the second part, we will show the first arrival of the Jesuits and their establishment of colleges in Rijeka, Zagreb, and Dubrovnik. We will also show in the second part of the paper the arrival of the Jesuits after the re-establishment of order in the 18th century. The third part of the paper will show the activities of the Jesuits in Zagreb, Rijeka, Dubrovnik, and in the 20th century. In the last part of the graduate thesis, we will present the contribution of the Jesuits in religious and cultural work, theology, Croatian language, science, and philosophy
Christ´s resurrection in the theology of Joseph Ratzinger
No full textCilj je ovoga rada pokazati pogled Josepha Ratzingera/pape Benedikta XVI. na uskrsnuće iz eshatološke, biblijske i liturgijske perspektive, ističući pri tome motiv odnosa koji se provlači kroz sve tri perspektive i donoseći nekoliko praktičnih naputaka za svakodnevno življenje uskrsnuća. Nakon predstavljanja obrata u razumijevanju smrti i uskrsnuća, u radu je obrađena novozavjetna vjera u uskrsnuće, zatim mjesto koje istina uskrsnuća zauzima u kršćanstvu te odnos uskrsnuća i tjelesnosti. U drugome poglavlju prikazane su različite zgode i prispodobe iz evanđelja čiji pravi smisao otkrivamo u svjetlu uskrsnuća. Proslava Kristova uskrsnuća u liturgiji Crkve tema je trećega poglavlja. Posljednje poglavlje ukazuje na specifičnost Ratzingerove teologije i kod govora o Kristovu uskrsnuću te donosi nekoliko savjeta za življenje uskrsnuća, naslanjajući se na misli francuskog mislioca Fabricea Hadjadja. Ovim radom došli smo do zaključka kako za Ratzingera vjera u uskrsnuće čini srž kršćanske vjere te da jedino polazeći od uskrsnuća, koje se uprisutnjuje i slavi u liturgiji Crkve, možemo u punini razumjeti Sveto pismo.The goal of this thesis is to show Joseph Ratzinger Benedict XVI.’s view on the resurrection from an eschatological, biblical and liturgical perspective and, in doing so, emphasizing the relation that is found between them while also bringing forth a few practical instructions on how to live on a daily basis with the awareness of the aforementioned resurrection. Having presented the turn in understanding death and resurrection the thesis will interpret the New Testament’s faith in the resurrection, and after that the place which the truth of resurrection holds within Christianity and the relation between resurrection and corporeality. In the second chapter are presented multiple distinct events and parables from the Gospel whose real meaning is revealed under the light of resurrection. The celebration of Christ’s resurrection in Church liturgy is the theme of the third chapter. The last chapter features the specifics of Ratzinger’s theology during his speech about the resurrection of Christ, which also brings forth a few advices about living with the awareness of said resurrection, leaning into the thoughts of French thinker Fabrice Hadjadj. With that we come to the conclusion that for Ratzinger it is the faith in the resurrection that forms the core of the Christian faith, and only by starting with the resurrection, which is celebrated and presents itself in Church liturgy, can we entirely understand the Holy Scripture
Identity of youth and their Church affiliation. Catechetical accents in work with youth
No full textMladost je složena faza koja u sebi ima tri podfaze, koje se svaka za sebe gleda: predadolescenciju, adolescenciju i postadolescenciju (mladost). Prate ju tjelesne, psihološke, socijalne i duhovne promjene. Jedan od temeljnih zadataka mladosti je izgraditi stabilan identitet, koji uključuje uspješnu integraciju mladih u društvo i pripadnost Crkvi preko poosobljene vjere. Zato će temeljni cilj kateheze biti doći do poosobljene vjere, kako bi mladi čovjek mogao aktivno sudjelovati u životu župne zajednice. U dijalogu Crkve i mladih, mladi su nada i budućnost Crkve, jer su i sami pozvani biti evangelizatori mladeži. Pastoral mladih, prema naglascima apostolske pobudnice pape Franje Christus vivit, mora biti sinodalan, zajednički hod pastoralnih djelatnika i mladih kršćana. Od temeljne važnosti za njihov kršćanski život je i njihov sakramentalni život u Crkvi, konkretnije u župnoj zajednici. Kateheza je jedan od temeljnih modela nove evangelizacije, koja stavlja naglasak na navještaj Krista na novi način, novim jezikom. Zato će kateheza mladih imati za svrhu posvijestiti mladima da nisu samo predmet kateheze, nego su i aktivni subjekti, protagonisti evangelizacije i tvorci društvene obnove.Youth is a complex phase which includes three independent subphases: preadolescence, adolescent and post adolescence (youth). They are followed by physical, psychological, social and spiritual changes. One of core tasks of youth is to build a stable identity which includes successful integration of youth into the society and the Church through individualised faith. That is why the aim of the catechesis is the individualization of the faith, so that the youth can actively take part in the life of the parish community. In dialogue of Church and youth, the youth is the hope and future of the Church, because they are invited to be the evangelizers of youth. The pastoral care of youth, according to the accents in the apostolic exhortation of pope Francis, must be synodal, a jointly movement of pastoral workers and Christian youth. The most important part of their Christian lives is a sacramental life in the Church, i. e. in local community. Catechesis is the core model of the new evangelization, one that accentuates the proclamation of Christ in a new way and new language. The catechesis has a goal to bring to consciousness that the youth is not the object of catechesis, but its active subject, actor of evangelization and creator of social renewal
Mary in the Gospel of John
No full text»Marija u Ivanovu evanđelju« tema je diplomskog rada koji je posvećen ulozi i poslanju Blažene Djevice Marije u Iv 2, 1-12 i Iv 19, 25-27. Prvi dio rada donosi kratki prikaz Marijina lika i djela u sinoptičkim evanđeljima i u Evanđelju po Ivanu koji ima za cilj ukazati na sličnosti i razlike, te posebnosti svakog pojedinog evanđeliste s obzirom na izvješća o Blaženoj Djevici Mariji.
Drugi, središnji dio, posvećen je detaljnijoj egzegetsko-teološkoj analizi izvješća o Isusovoj majci u Ivanovu evanđelju. Riječ je o izvješću o svadbi u Kani (Iv 2, 1-12) u kojemu Ivan prikazuje Mariju kao posrednicu i o izvješću o Isusovoj muci (Iv 19, 25-27) u kojemu Ivan prikazuje Mariju kao majku.
Ivanovo evanđelje koje se po mnogočemu razlikuje od sinoptičkih, svojom teologijom i pristupom donosi i posebnost Marijinog lika. Izvješće o svadbi u Kani (Iv 2, 1-12) donosi samo Ivan, stoga jedino u njemu možemo vidjeti majku Gospodinovu kao onu koja primjećuje potrebe ljudi i za njih posreduje kod svoga Sina. U početku Isusovog javnog djelovanja Marija ima svoju ulogu kao kod događaja u Kani, a njezin hod vjere i djelovanja pratimo sve do Golgote, pod Isusovim križem (Iv 19, 25-27). Marija je tiho prisutna u Isusovom zemaljskom životu, ali i u okruženju Isusovih učenika, buduće Crkve. Tu pod križem, kao posljednje očitovanje Očeve volje, Isus uspostavlja odnos majke i sina između Marije i ljubljenog učenika koji je upravo predstavnik buduće zajednice Isusovih učenika.»Mary in the Gospel of John« is a theme of the thesis, which is dedicated to the role and epistles of the Blessed Virgin Mary in John 2: 1-12 and John 19: 25-27. The first part of the paper presents a brief account of Mary's character and work in the Synoptic Gospels and in the Gospel of John, which aims to point out the similarities and differences, and the peculiarities of each individual evangelist, given the character of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The second, central part, is devoted to a detailed exegetical-theological analysis of the account of the mother of Jesus in the Gospel of John. It is a report of a wedding in Cana (Jn 2: 1-12) in which John portrays Mary as mediator and a report of the Passion of Jesus (Jn 19: 25-27) in which John portrays Mary as mother.
The Gospel of John, which is in many ways different from the synoptic ones, brings with it the special character of Mary's character in her theology and approach. The report of the wedding in Cana (Jn 2: 1-12) is made only by John; it remains only for him to see the mother of the Lord as one who notices the needs of men and mediates for them with his Son. In the beginning of Jesus' public activity, Mary has a role to play as in the events in Cana, and she follows her course of faith and action all the way to Golgotha, under the cross of Jesus (Jn 19: 25-27). Mary is quietly present in Jesus' earthly life, but also in the environment of Jesus' disciples, the future Church. Here under the cross, as the last manifestation of the Father's will, Jesus establishes a mother-son relationship between Mary and the beloved disciple who has just introduced the future community of Jesus' disciples
Mission and Dignity of a Woman in the Documents of Pope Francis
No full textNakana je ovoga diplomskog rada prikazati teološka tumačenja poslanja i dostojanstva žene unutar Crkve i društva. Dostojanstvo potječe od latinske riječi „dignitatis“ što označava da nešto valja zaslužiti (poštovanje). Odmak od ovakvog poimanja čini kršćansko shvaćanje, gdje se dostojanstvo promatra kroz utjelovljenje Krista i stvorenosti na sliku Božju. Upravo slika Božja razlikuje čovjeka od životinje i ima općenito značenje, jer se odnosi jednako na svaku osobu. „On je slika Boga nevidljivoga, prvorođenac svakog stvorenja“ (Kol 1,15). Dakle, ljudi stvoreni na sliku Božju, pozvani su postati slika Krista. Stoga se dostojanstvo posebno temelji na činjenici utjelovljenja i otkupljenja u Isusu Kristu. Krist je uzor i ideal, budući da je svakom dano dostojanstvo, zahtjeva se da s njime ispravno postupa, nadasve primjereno i odgovorno. Promatrajući Mariju, biblijsku ženu započinjemo govor o poslanju. Marija predstavlja ideal ženama, budući da je slika Crkve i slika svega onoga što čovjek mora dostići. Predstavlja uzor u majčinstvu i djevičanstvu u darivanju sebe drugima i pomaže u ostvarivanju zajedništva s Bogom.The intention of this thesis is to portray the theological interpretations of a mission and the dignity of a woman within the Church and the society. Dignity comes from a Latin word “dignitatis” which means that something should be earned (respect). Christian conception, where dignity is seen through the incarnation of Jesus Christ and being created in the image of God, is a deviation from this concept. It is the image of God that distinguishes a man from an animal and has a general meaning because it refers to every person equally. “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation” (Colossians 1:15). Therefore, people created in the image of God are called to become the image of Jesus Christ. Hence dignity is especially based on the incarnation and redemption that is in Jesus Christ. Christ is a model and an ideal, and since everyone is given dignity, it is required that it should be handled correctly and above all, appropriately and responsibly. When it comes to Mary, the biblical woman, we begin the discourse on mission. Mary is an ideal to other women since she is the image of the Church and the image of all that a man must attain. She is a role model in motherhood and virginity in giving of herself to others and helping to achieve communion with God
APPARITION OF THE RISEN EXEGESES AND THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON JOHN 21 IN COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE
No full textU pristupu Svetome pismu vjernici često nailaze na poteškoće s biblijskim tekstovima koje je teško razumjeti bez dubljeg znanstvenog istraživanja. Zbog toga se takvi tekstovi nerijetko smatraju manje značajnima za vjernički život. Jedan od takvih tekstova je i 21. poglavlje Evanđelja po Ivanu koje je i tema ovoga diplomskoga rada koji nosi naslov: »Ukazanje uskrsloga. Egzegetsko-teološka analiza Iv 21 u komunikacijskoj perspektivi«.
Prvo poglavlje posvećeno je povijesno-kritičkoj pozadini Iv 21 u kojoj se zrcali situacija prve kršćanske zajednice kojoj je tekst namijenjen kao i problemi koji su oblikovali ključne teme koje u njemu susrećemo. Povijesno-kritička pozadina nužna je za potpunije razumijevanje uloge i značenje teksta jer odražava dijaloge pojedinca i njegovog Boga u konkretnoj situaciji.
Drugo poglavlje sadrži detaljniju egzegetsko-teološku analizu Iv 21 u komunikacijskoj perspektivi. Riječ je o jednom od novijih egzegetskih pristupa koji posebnu pozornost pridaje značenju teksta i njegovom utjecaju na čitatelje današnjeg vremena. U njemu se određuje delimitacija i jedinstvo teksta, struktura, semantička konfiguracija i pragmatičke implikacije Iv 21.
Budući da su biblijski tekstovi svevremenski i čitatelji današnjeg vremena u Iv 21 posebice u Petrovu susretu s Uskrslim pronalaze model vjere i autentičnog življenja povjerena im poslanja. Svaki čitatelj u njemu može prepoznati neki dio vlastitog životnog iskustva. Važne su teme kajanje, oproštenje kao susret s Božjom ljubavlju, priznanje vlastite ljubavi prema Bogu, životno poslanje kao smisao života, žrtva iz ljubavi prema Bogu i bližnjemu te činjenica da je svačiji životni put s Bogom zapravo unikatan.In approach to the Bible, the faithful often have a hardship with texts that are hard to understand without deep scientific research. Because of that, those texts are considered less important to their spiritual life. One of those texts in 21 chapter of the Gospel of John which is the theme of this theses that have a subject: »Apparition of the Risen. Exegeses and theological analysis on John 21 in communication perspective«.
First chapter is dedicated to historic-critics background of John 21 in which we see the situation of the first christian community to which is text intended and problems that shape the main themes that we see in the text. Historic critics background is necessary for fuller understanding of the purpose and meaning of the text because it shows dialog between individual person and his God in some concrete situation.
Second chapter contains deeper exegeses and theological analysis on John 21 in communication perspective. It’s about one of the newest exegeses approach which special attention gives to meaning of the text and his influence on reader of the present time. In this chapter is determined borders and unity of text, structure, semantic configuration and pragmatic implications of John 21.
Biblical texts can find place in all times, so the reader of this time in John 21, especially in Peters encounter with Risen, can find model of faith and authentic living of entrusted mission. Every reader in him can recognize some part of own life experience. Important themes are repentance, forgiveness as encounter with God’s love, recognition own love for God, life mission as meaning of life, sacrifice for love to God and closes one and fact that everyone’s life path with God is in fact unique
Rite od anointing of the sick. Historical - liturgical analysis
No full textTema ovog rada je prikaz sakramenta bolesničkog pomazanja kroz povijest od početaka Crkve do danas. Rad je podijeljen kronološki. Prikazan je način shvaćanja bolesti i pomazanje bolesnika u Starom i u Novom zavjetu. Nakon toga izlaže se skrb za bolesne i bolesničko pomazanje u prvoj Crkvi. Tada se naglašavalo da je biskup onaj koji posvećuje ulje, dok je djelitelj mogao biti biskup, svećenik, ali i laik, pa i sâm bolesnik. Na Tridentskom saboru je točno definirano da ulje blagoslivlje biskup, ali je djelitelj isključivo biskup ili svećenik, što je onda uneseno i u Rimski obrednik iz 1614 koji je vrijedio sve do Drugog vatikanskog sabora. Na Drugom vatikanskom saboru jasno je rečeno da radije treba govoriti o bolesničkom nego o posljednjem pomazanju. U radu će se ukazati na novine koje donosi nauk Drugog vatikanskog sabora te kako je to pretočeno u novi Red bolesničkog pomazanja i skrbi za bolesne. Pastoralna praksa pokazuje da se ovaj sakrament među vjernicima ipak sve više doživljava kao sakrament bolesnih, a ne samo umirućih.The theme of this paper is a presentation of the sacrament of anointing of the sick through history from the beginnings of the Church to the present day. The paper is divided chronologically. The way of understanding the disease and anointing the sick in the Old and New Testaments is shown. After that, care for the sick and anointing of the sick in the first Church is presented. It was then emphasized that the bishop was the one who consecrated the oil, while the distributor could be a bishop, a priest, but also a layman, and even the patient himself. It was precisely defined at the Council of Trent that the oil was blessed by the bishop, but the distributor was exclusively a bishop or priest, which was then introduced into the Roman Rite of 1614 which was valid until the Second Vatican Council. At the Second Vatican Council it was clearly stated that one should speak of the sick rather than the last anointing. The paper will point out the novelties brought by the teachings of the Second Vatican Council and how this has been translated into the new Order of Anointing of the Sick and Caring for the Sick. Pastoral practice shows that this sacrament is increasingly perceived among the faithful as the sacrament of the sick, not just the dying