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The relationship between Islam and Islamic fundamentalism
No full textU vremenu u kojem je sve više islamskih nasilnih skupina koje su na krivi način shvatile fundamentalizam, postavlja se pitanje kako islam može nadvladati taj problem. Multikulturalnost, koja je jedno od najvažnijih obilježja današnjeg vremena, nažalost često doprinosi tom problemu, posebno kad uzmemo u obzir da se islamski narodi vrlo često ne žele prilagoditi europskim ili svjetskim državama u kojima ne predstavljaju većinski dio stanovništva. Zato u prvom dijelu rada donosimo uvodne misli o islamu, kako bismo se bolje upoznali s mentalitetom muslimanâ i njihove zajednice. Nadalje, drugi dio je prikaz središnje teme rada – islamskog fundamentalizma. Također, ovaj dio rada govori i o odnosu islama prema drugim narodima te o devijantnim nasilnim skupinama koje, zbog iskrivljenog poimanja fundamentalizma sve pripadnike drugih religija smatraju nevjernicima koji se trebaju obratiti na islam. Treći je dio posvećen smjernicama za nadvladavanje islamskog fundamentalizma. Tu je prvenstveno istaknut dijalog muslimana i kršćana kao put prema rješavanju islamskog problema s fundamentalizmom. Također, u ovom dijelu je naglašena vrijednost, ali i određene dvojbe i nedorečenosti s obzirom na pretpostavke islamsko-kršćanskog dijaloga.In times when there are more and more violent Islamic groups who do not understand fundamentalism, arises the question of how can Islam overcome this issue. Multiculturalism, one of the most important characteristics of society nowadays, often contributes to this problem, especially if we take into consideration the fact that Islamic people often do not want to adapt to European or other countries in which they do not represent the majority of the population. The first part of this thesis is an introduction to Islam so that the reader can better understand the mentality of the Muslim community. Further, the second part is a review of the central theme of the paper - Islamic fundamentalism. This part also addresses the relation of Islam to the other people and to the deviant and violent groups who, because of their distorted view of fundamentalism, consider that the members of any other religion are infidels who should be converted to Islam. The third part is dedicated to guidelines to overcoming Islamic fundamentalism. It primarily emphasizes the value of dialogue between Muslims and Christians as a path towards the solution for this Islamic fundamentalism issue. Also, this section emphasizes the value, but also certain doubts and ambiguities about the assumptions of Islamic-Christian dialogue
RESPONSIBLE MOTHERHOOD. A theological-moral approach
No full textRad na temu „Odgovorno majčinstvo: teološko-moralni pristup“ promatra odgovorno majčinstvo iz biblijske perspektive, crkvenog nauka i moralnih dilema koje nameće suvremeno društvo. U prvom dijelu rada donosimo likove starozavjetnih i novozavjetnih žena u kojima se odražava kršćanska uloga i vrijednost majčinstva, posebno analizirajući Mariju kao uzor majčinstva. Analiziraju se i dijelovi crkvenih dokumenata koji govore o majčinstvu i stavljaju crkveni nauk u kontekst vremena u kome dokumenti nastaju, naglašavajući vrijednosti koje se u određenom vremenu dovode u pitanje. U drugom dijelu rada ističu se moralna pitanja odgovornog majčinstva te shvaćanju života kao Božjeg dara. Iz tog konteksta odgovara se na pitanja spolnosti i bračnog morala. Rad donosi analizu katoličkog pogleda na planiranje obitelji. Na kraju, poimanje majčinstva stavlja se u kontekst suvremenog načina života i tržišta rada u koje su sve više uključene žene i majke.The paper on "Responsible motherhood: a theological-moral approach" looks at responsible motherhood from biblical perspectives, church teaching and moral dilemmas imposed by contemporary society. In the first part of the paper, we bring the characters of the Old Testament and New Testament women, in which the Christian role and value of motherhood is reflected, especially analysing Mary as a model of motherhood. Parts of church documents that speak of motherhood are also analysed and place church doctrine in the context of the time in which the documents were created, emphasizing the values that are called into question at a particular time. The second part of the paper highlights the moral issues of responsible motherhood and understanding of life as a gift from God. From this context, questions about sexuality and marital morality are answered. The paper provides an analysis of the Catholic view of family planning. Finally, the concept of motherhood is placed in the context of the modern lifestyle and labour market, in which women and mothers are increasingly involved
The Marxist postulates of contemporary gender ideology
No full textMarksizam kao ideologija, čiji je utemeljitelj Karl Marx, je ostavio duboke tragove u povijesti. Brojne posljedice marksističkoga djelovanja možemo prepoznati i danas. Kako bismo razumjeli što marksizam zapravo jest, potrebno je istražiti marksističku misao od samih njezinih temelja. Kroz moral i društvene fenomene možemo vidjeti razvoj marksizma. Zato ćemo se susresti s osnovnim postavkama marksističkog shvaćanja (kolektivističkog) morala gdje je pojedinac otuđen, a moralne norme postavlja društvo. Marxa, Engelsa i njihovu teoriju su nastavili slijediti Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler i mnogi drugi teoretičari koji su iz marksizma razvili nešto novo što se u suvremenom svijetu da zamijetiti – feminizam i rodnu ideologiju.
Proleterijat, materijalizam, komunizam i rodnu ideologiju Crkva ne prihvaća niti ih može prihvatiti. Marksizam je izvršio svojevrsni udar na brak i obitelj, davajući neograničenu slobodu izbora. U borbu protiv kršćanskoga poimanja braka i obitelji uključili su se i rodni ideolozi koji su marksističke postavke braka i obitelji iskoristili te otišli korak dalje dopuštajući abortuse, homoseksualnost, promiskuitet te, u konačnici, izbrisali bipolarnost spolova. Kako bismo ponovno prepoznali vrijednost braka i obitelji, važno je vidjeti što o tome govore crkveni dokumenti Amoris laetitia, Centesimus annus i Rerum novarum... Važno je ponovno uočiti kako je obitelj temeljna sastavnica društva te je naš spol i naš identitet. Muškarac i žena međusobno se nadopunjuju i autotranscendiraju u prokreaciji. Time obitelj postaje maleno društvo i svetište života u kojemu se djetetu budi svijest o vlastitome dostojanstvu. Važno je pružiti zaštitu braku i obitelji jer o njima ovisi opstanak naroda i čovječanstva.Marxism was founded by Karl Marx, and, as an ideology, it made a significant impact in history. Numerous consequences of Marxist activities can still be detected. In order to understand what Marxism actually is, it is necessary to examine Marxist ideas from the very start. Development of Marxism can be noticed in moral and social phenomena. That is why we are going to examine the basic postulates of the Marxist view of the (collective) morale, in which an individual is alienated and moral norms are set by the society. Marx, Engels and their theory were supported and followed by Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler and many other theoreticians. They succeeded in developing Marxist ideas into something new, noticeable in the modern world – feminism and gender ideology.
The Church does not and cannot accept proletariat, materialism, communism and gender ideology. Marxism had a strong, negative influence on marriage and family, offering an unlimited freedom of choice. The struggle against the Christian perception of marriage and family was supported by gender ideologists who used Marxist postulates related to marriage and family, and even took them a step further, allowing abortion, homosexuality, promiscuity, and finally, erasing bipolar gender characteristics. In order to be able to appreciate the value of marriage and family again, it is important to find out what can be read in church documents, such as Amoris laetitia, Centesimus annus and Rerum novarum, on this topic. It is crucial to understand that family is the basic component of any society, as well as our gender and identity. A man and a woman complement each other and they autotranscend in procreation. In this process the family becomes a small society and sanctuary of life in which a child becomes aware of its own dignity. It is important to provide protection for marriage and family because they are crucial for the survival of humankind
Creation and Evolution. Mutual Challenges, Contestations and Efforts for Compability of Faith and Science
No full textČovjek danas živi u svijetu gdje postoji mišljenje kako religija i vjera pripadaju prošlosti, a prirodne znanosti su jedine mjerodavne da nam budu vodičem kroz život. Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati mišljenja dviju naizgled sukobljenih strana gdje s jedne strane imamo vjeru u stvaranje, a nasuprot toga teoriju evolucije. Teorija evolucije je danas najzastupljenija teorija kada je riječ o pitanju tko je čovjek. Postoje mišljenja koja teoriju evolucije prikazuju kao neprijateljsku kršćanstvu kao takvom, no koja nemaju uporišta u stvarnosti. Prirodne su znanosti tijekom povijesti pokušale dati odgovor na pitanja koja nadilaze njihove granice i metode, stoga se i javljaju različite ideološke zloupotrebe. U tom smislu zadaća je teologije da kršćansku vjere dovesti u vezu s dominantnom slikom svijeta kroz prizmu kršćanske objave. Unatoč raznim sukobima i prijeporima postoji mogućnost za dijalog između vjere i znanosti, odnosno stvaranja i evolucije.The contemporary world holds that religion and faith are matters of the past, realities that have been overcome by natural sciences that are paramount and serve us as a guide through life. Purpose of our research is to elaborate main statements of two seemingly conflicting sides where, on the one hand, we have faith in creation and, on the other hand, theory of evolution. There are other beliefs that want to present the theory of evolution as unfriendly to Christianity as such, but which have no basis in reality. Throughout history, natural sciences have tried to give an answer to questions that transcend their domain and methods, therefore resulting in various ideological misuses. On this account, the task of theology is to connect realities of Christian faith with suprematory vision of the world through the prism of the Christian revelation. Despite various conflicts and disputes, there is still a possibility of a dialogue between faith and science, as well as creation and evolution
Purgatory, hell and heaven in work and thought of C. S. Lewis
No full textSituacija u kojoj se ljudsko društvo danas nalazi odiše relativizmom, zaboravom „starih“, odnosno kršćanskih vrijednosti uopće. Kako se kršćanstvo zapostavlja, zapostavljaju se i njegova učenja i doktrine. Isto vrijedi i za eshatološka pitanja od kojih se danas posebno zadire proglašavajući ih nazadnim, zastarjelim, mitskim ili bajkovitim. Međutim, budući da niti jedan čovjek nije obični smrtnik, nego vječno biće, ova su pitanja od izrazite važnosti.
C. S. Lewis je u svom raznolikom opusu veoma često, bilo implicitno, bilo eksplicitno, govorio o Bogu, zajedništvu čovjeka s njim te, u konačnici, o mogućnostima koje čovjek svojim životom odabire. Pred čovjeka je s jedne strane postavljen život u zajedništvu s Bogom – u miru, radosti i potpunom ispunjenju svih želja, a s druge strane prokletstvo bivanja isključivo sa samim sobom, samoizabranom zatvaranju u sebe. Čovjekov se put, u konačnici, svodi isključivo na izbor između ove dvije stvarnosti, bez ikakve alternative ili srednjega puta. Konačna čovjekova sudbina ne poznaje nikakav virtus in medio.
Ovaj rad nastoji prikazati viđenje eshatoloških stvarnosti čistilišta, pakla i raja briljantnoga oxfordskog profesora Lewisa. Konzultirana su, gotovo isključivo, njegova djela s namjerom iščitavanja i prenošenja njegovih misli o navedenim stvarnostima. Lewis je nastojao na nov i svjež način prenijeti drevni kršćanski nauk te smatramo vrijednim prikazati njegova nadasve plemenita i kreativna nastojanja oko toga.The situation in which human society finds itself today breathes relativism, and the ‘old’ Christian values are being forgotten. Neglecting Christianity means neglecting both it’s teachings and doctrines. The same goes for eschatological questions which are today especially despised and which are called old, mythical and regressive. However, being that not one man is a mere mortal, but an eternal creature, these questions are of great value.
C. S. Lewis in his various works often spoke about God, whether implicitly or explicitly, and about the relationship a man has with God along with all the possibilities which a man can choose in his life. On one hand, a man can choose living in a relationship with God – in peace, happiness and wholesome fulfillment of his desires. On the other hand, he can choose the curse of being alone and of being self contained. In the end, a man’s life path is purely the choice between those two things, without any alternatives or a middle way. A man’s destiny does not recognise the principle virtus in medio.
This essay wants to show the vision of eschatological realities of purgatory, hell and heaven as seen by the brilliant Oxford professor C. S. Lewis. We consulted, almost exclusively, his works with the intention to read and share his thoughts about the aforementioned themes. Lewis endeavoured to share the ancient Christian teachings in a new and fresh way, and we consider it very important to share his noble and creative efforts regarding that
Søren Kierkegaard kršćanski egzistencijalizam
No full textOvaj rad se bavi životom i filozofijom Sørena Kierkegaarda. Detaljno se iznosi njegov život, s fokusom na osobe koje su utjecale na razvoj njegove osobnosti i filozofije, među kojima se osobito izdvajaju Kierkegaardov otac i zaručnica..
Kierkegaard smatra da je kršćanstvo odredilo njegov život već od rane dobi. Smatrao je da se Crkva u Danskoj udaljila od istinskog kršćanstva i da ne slijedi izvorni Kristov nauk. Po njemu, kršćanimom se može postati samo kao pojedinac a ne kao pripadnik grupe. Biti kršćanin ne znači imati potvrdu krštenja već kršćanstvo treba izvorno živjeti. Kao bitnu oznaku kršćanstva navodi sablazan. Isus je sablažnjivao svoje sunarodnjake, pa bi, prema Kierkegaadu, i kršćanin isto tako trebao sablažnjivati svoje suvremenike. Kierkegaardova filozofija je u sukobu s Hegelovom filozofijom. U djelu „Strah i drhtanje“predstavljaju se tri problema koje Kierkegaard iznosi protiv Hegelove etike.
Isto tako, rad se bavi trima Kierkegaardovim stadijima postojanja,koji su po njemu estetski, etički i religiozni stadij. Estetski je najniži stadij jer osoba koja živi estetski nema odnos sa sobom stoga ne može očajaviti, što je bitno za Kierkegaarda. Estetičar postoji samo u odnosu sa vanjskim stvarima. Etički stadij je viši stadij jer osoba koja je etička nalazi se u sukobu sa svijetom. Etički stadij je borba. Zadnji i najviši stadij je religiozni stadj. U religioznom stadiju čovjek je u odnosu s Bogom.This paper deals with life and philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard. His life is viewed with a focus on people who had influenced the development of both his character and philosphy, in particular Kierkegaard's father and fiancée.
Kierkegaard deemed that Christianity had determined his life since his early age. In his opinion, the Church in Danemark had distanced itself from real Christianity and it did not follow the original teaching of Christ. According to him, one can become a Christian only as an individual and not as a member of a group. Being a Christian does not mean having a confirmation of baptism, but Christianity should be lived by its original principles. For Kierkegaard, scandal is an essential marker of Christianity. Jesus was taunting his compatriots, so, according to Kierkegaad, a Christian should also taunt his contemporaries. Kierkegaard's philosophy conflicts with Hegel's philosophy, in context of three problems that Kierkegaard puts forward against Hegel's ethics in his work „Fear and Trembling“.
Likewise, the paper deals with Kierkegaard's three stages of existence, which according to him are aesthetic, ethical and religious ones. The aesthetic is the lowest stage because the person who lives aesthetically has no relationship with himself and therefore cannot despair, which is important for Kierkegaard. Aesthetics exists only in relation to external things. The ethical stage is a higher stage because an ethical person is in conflict with the world. The ethical stage is a struggle. The last and highest stage is the religious stage. In this stage, man is in a relationship with God
Education young people for the virtue of purity
No full textIzmeđu suvremenog poimanja ljudske seksualnosti i kršćanskog poimanja seksualnosti, postoji veliki raskorak koji je uočljiv i iz zdravorazumske perspektive. Današnja teologija ljudsku spolnost shvaća kao sveobuhvatnu, temeljnu sastavnicu čovjekove osobnosti. S druge pak strane svijet ljudsku seksualnost gleda kao nešto potrošno, svodeći ju samo na najnižu razinu, na užitak. Suvremeni način življenja spolnosti zapravo je pokazatelj dubokih praznina u osobnim vrednotama. Krepost čistoće seksualnost ponovno stavlja u službu vrednota. Pomaže čovjeku da ovlada vlastitom požudom te spolnost stavlja u službu osobe. Na putu izgradnje, krepost čistoće čuva osobu od opasnosti sebičnosti, otkriva dostojanstvo ljudskoga tijela i uči ga posjedovati u svetosti i poštovanju. U konačnici, krepost čistoće pomaže osobi vratiti narušenu sliku spolnosti, slobode darivanja i istinu o ljubavi. U prvom poglavlju rada na temelju nekoliko istraživanja zaključeno je kako vjera i religioznost utječu na odabir istinitih ljudskih vrednota, kako spolna ravnoteža velikim dijelom proizlazi iz življenja tradicionalnih moralnih stavova te da na ispravno spolno ponašanje pozitivno utječe stupanj religioznosti. U drugom poglavlju rada donijet će se kršćanski vid ljudske spolnosti u svjetlu 'Teologije tijela' Ivana Pavla II. s posebnim osvrtom na krepost čistoće. Na kraju rada dano je nekoliko smjernica o odgoju mlade osobe za krepost čistoće, a time ujedno i njezine spolnosti.There is a humungous gap between Christian beliefs regarding human sexuality and the contemporary one, which can already be noticed by our bare common sense perspective. Theology nowadays considers human sexuality as all-gathering, elementary feature of one's personality. On the other hand, though, it is believed in the world that human sexuality is rather consumable, being restricted to its lowest form, i.e. pleasure. Contemporary human sexuality is actually the evidence of deep emptiness regarding one's personal values. Sexuality presents the virtue of purity as the one that serves values. On the way of its development, the virtue of purity guards an individual from a dangerous selfishness. Moreover, it reveals the dignity of purity by increasing the awareness of a human body and learns how to keep it in sanctity and respect. Finally, the virtue of purity helps one to rebuild the distorted image of sexuality, freedom of giving and the truth about love. In the first part of this paper, which is based on a several researches, will be concluded that faith and religion influence the choice of values, and that sexual balance is mainly derived from traditional morally sound perspectives, and also that the level of religion positively impacts on one's sexual behavior. In the second part of the paper, the Christian perspective of human sexuality, influenced by Theology of body by John Paul II, with an additional review of the virtue of purity will thoroughly be analyzed. Some instructions regarding raising a young human being in a virtue of purity, as well in its sexuality, are given in the end
Bioethical dimension of organ transplantation
No full textZahvaljujući brzom razvoju medicine uz pomoć moderne tehnologije znatno se utjecalo na poboljšanje i produljenje ljudskog života. Znanstveni napredci na polju imunologije, farmakologije, transfuziologije, kao i kirurgije omogućili su presađivanje ljudskih organa i tkiva.
Rad prikazuje povijesni razvoj transplantacije u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj od svojih početaka pa sve do danas, kao uspješnoj metodi liječenja.
Neprestani rast broj donora organa u Hrvatskoj govori o hvalevrijednoj svijesti građana o darivanju organa, no sama tema transplantacije danas povlači mnoga moralno-bioetička pitanja.
Kako čovjek ne bi postao sredstvo zarade i manipulacija transplantacijske medicine, danas postoje univerzalne društvene, pravne i medicinske norme. Stoga, na kraju, ovaj diplomski rad progovara o bioetičkim odredbama i etici odgovornosti koja uključuje kategorije dara i solidarnosti koji su forma naše moralnosti. Kršćanstvo i druge religije transplantaciju promatraju kao iskren dar i ljubav samoga sebe prema bližnjemu.According to the rapid development of modern medicine technology, we are witnessing it's great influence above the improvement and prolongation of human life. Scientific breakthroughs in the fields of immunology, farmacology, transfusion medicine and surgery, made transplantation of the human organs and tissues, possible.
This thesis exposits the historical development of transplantation, since its beginning, in the world and in Croatia.
Increasing numbers of organ donors in Croatia talk for themselves about organ donation consciousness in the republic. However, the issue of transplantation brings with itself a lot of moral and bioethical questions.
To make sure that human beings are not monetized and manipulated with in transplantation medicine, a multitude of universal social, legal and medical norms had been passed. Bioethical regulations and ethics of responsibility which includes the categories of gift and solidarity – forms of our morality – are also addressed in this thesis. Christianity and other religions view transplantation as an honest gift to and love of others
Rational elements of morality as a way trought ecstatic contemplation in V. S. Solovyovs and L. M. Tolstoys philosophy
No full textU vremenu koji se vodi pozitivističko–utilitarističko-hedonističkim načelima temeljne značajke filozofije Solovjeva i Tolstoja bivaju asketizam, ljubav i zavisnost od vrhunaravnog principa. Suprotstavljajući se besmislu pozitivizma i opasnostima koje on sa sobom nosi, Solovjev i Tolstoj koriste se filozofijom kao oruđem u humanizaciji ruskog društva. Ova dva autora ukazuju na nužnost nadilaženja egoizma kroz vid ljubavi koja postaje nit vodilja njihovog mišljenja. Želeći potaknuti svakoga čovjeka na kritičko mišljenje i služenje Bogu koriste se mišlju Platona, Schellinga i Schopenhauera te smještaju pojedinca u odnos sa božanskim, ukazujući mu na njegovu kontigentnost i zavisnost od sveobuhvatnog principa koju može u potpunosti spoznati tek proživljavanjem ekstatičke kontemplacije.In the time which conducted with principles of positivist- utilitaran - hedonistic the main feature of Solovyov and Tolstoy philosophy are asceticism, love and dependence of the supreme principle. Opposing to senselessness of positivism and dangerous who caring with it, Solovyov and Tolstoy are using philosophy like implement in Russian society humanization. Those two philosophers put the point on the necessity of egoism overcoming trough a vision of love which is a guiding light of their opinion. Those two philosophers wont a make an critical meaning in every man for serving to God. They use the mind of Plato, Schelling and Schopenhauer, and also they accommodation an individual person in relationship with goodness. Also the showing to him contingency and dependency of comprehensive princip which can be fully cognize by experiencing ecstatic contemplation
Liturgical fest day of st. Martha
No full textoai:repozitorij.djkbf.hr:djkbf_143U ovom radu donosimo Liturgijski spomendan Svete Marte. Rad je podijeljen u tri dijela s podnaslovima. U prvom dijelu prikazan je lik Marte iz Betanije, sestre Lazara i Marije, kako je prikazan u Novom zavjetu te legendarni životopisi, čašćenje i prikazivanje svetice. U drugom dijelu prikazat ćemo teologiju misnih molitava (zborna, darovna, popričesna) o spomendanu Svete Marte. Misne molitve donosimo na latinskom i hrvatskom jeziku te ćemo izdvojiti glavne naglaske. U molitvama se ističu Martina gostoljubivost i služba ljubavi. U trećem dijelu donijet ćemo liturgijska čitanja koja su odabrana za spomendan te komentare vezane uz svako čitanje – Prvu Ivanovu poslanicu i dva evanđeoska ulomka po izboru. U sva tri čitanja glavna tema je ljubav i služenje koje jedno drugo prožimaju. Sve ove osobine nalaze se u Martinom životu koje joj pomažu da ustrajno izvršava zapovijed ljubavi prema Bogu i bližnjemu.In this paper we depict the Liturgical feast day of St. Martha. The paper is divided into three parts with sub-headings. In the first part the character of St. Martha from Bethany is portrayed, Lazarus`s and Mary`s sister, as shown in the New Testament, and the legendary biographies, distinctions and descriptions of the Saint. In the second part we show the theology of Mass prayers (community prayer, gift prayer, prayer after Holy Communion) about the feast day of St. Martha. The mass prayers are in Latin and in Croatian and we will outline the main emphasis. In the prayers Martha`s hospitality and service of love are emphasized. In the third part we will show the Liturgical lessons that are selected for the feast day as well as the relevant commentary related to each lesson – the first John epistle and the two evangelical fragments of choice. In all three lections the main themes are love and service that interpenetrate each other. All of these features are found in Martha`s life that help her to persistently fulfill the commandment of love for God and the next