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A Study on the Marketing Strategy for Korea Container Terminal
Get PDFThe customer's position in the world container terminals is increasing through strategic alliance of shipping companies and most ports try to become main port and hub-port because of large-sized and high speed vessels.
As especially in the case of the Northeast Asia, the amount of cargo has increased, ports of China and Japan make their own ports' facility enlarged and they try to make an effort in order to supply much better port service for customers of ports,
So, in the viewpoint that Busan port becomes main port, the necessity of port marketing is required.
In this thesis Korea port marketing strategy is divided into 4P's such as products, price, promotion and people and then compared with successful marketing strategy of other countries.
In the case of Products, Korea container terminal doesn't have rich port facility compared with developed foreign container terminal, and that container terminal operators don't also realize the discriminated service for customers.
So as to innovate these weak points this thesis is suggested that port facility is made enhanced, and several distinguished service strategy is asked to perform.
In the case of Price, the rate of discharging is so strict that container terminal operators cannot perform various marketing strategy, so first of all the elastic price marketing strategy is forced to execute.
In the case of promotion, this thesis is focused on port sales committee. The structure and activity of port sales committee are suggested so that promotion strategy is taken advantage too much.
In the case of people, it is composed of port union and marketing department in container terminal. In order to decrease logistic cost and make loading and unloading facility automated, port union should be keeping employed and each terminal should establish marketing department to perform efficient marketing strategy.
The structure of this thesis is as follows:
In chapter 2, this thesis is showed the environment change of the world container terminal and shipping in the view of finding the reason why we need marketing strategy in Korea container terminal.
In chapter 3, in order to investigate the current condition and controversial of Korea container terminal, this thesis takes advantage of interview with each container terminal operator and Korea container terminal authority
In chapter 4, Korea container terminal is made compared with the world container terminals in order to find much better marketing strategy in the viewpoint of 4P's.
In chapter 5, this thesis is suggested hereafter the course of Container terminal from now on the innovation of the present condition and weak point.
Chapter 6 is conclusion. in this chapter, all the chapters are arranged.
.
In future the competition of each port in the world is getting intensive. So in order to maintain the position of hub-port in the Northeast Asia, we should take advantage of marketing strategy.목차
제1장 서론 = 11
제1절 연구의 배경과 목적 = 11
제2절 연구의 방법 = 12
제3절 연구의 내용 및 구성 = 12
제2장 항만마케팅의 이론적 고찰 및 항만물류환경의 변화 = 14
제1절 항만마케팅에 관한 이론적인 접근 = 14
1. 항만마케팅의 정의 = 14
2. 항만의 발전에 따른 마케팅 = 14
3. 항만마케팅의 목표와 과제 = 17
4. 항만 마케팅 믹스 전략 = 18
제2절 항만물류환경변화 = 23
1. 항만환경의 변화 = 24
2. 해상운송의 변화 = 33
제3장 한국컨테이너터미널의 마케팅 현황 = 39
제1절 자료수집 = 39
제2절 한국컨테이너터미널의 마케팅 실증분석 = 39
1. 제품전략 = 39
2. 가격전략 = 48
3. 촉진전략 = 62
4. 인원전략 = 68
제3절 한국컨테이너터미널의 마케팅전략 문제점 = 69
1. 제품전략 = 69
2. 가격전략 = 71
3. 촉진전략 = 72
4. 인원전략 = 72
제4장 외국항만의 마케팅전략 사례？劇？ = 73
제1절 제품전략 = 73
1. 싱가포르의 컨테이너터미널 시설현황 및 시설확충 = 73
2. 서비스 세분화 = 75
3. 컨테이너터미널 운영의 전산화 = 77
제2절 가격전략 = 79
1. 환적화물 요금 우대 정책 = 79
2. 요율 할인 정책 = 79
3. 요율 단순화 = 80
제3절 촉진전략 = 80
1. ASSIPORT = 80
2. 로테르담항 항만진흥사절단 = 82
3. 함부르크항의 홍보부 = 82
제4절 인원전략 = 83
1. 항만노조의 상용화 = 83
2. 대만 부두노동자 고용제도의 특징 = 83
제5장 한국컨테이너터미널 마케팅전략의 수립 = 85
제1절 제품전략 = 85
1. 시설확충 = 85
2. 서비스 세분화 = 90
3. 항만물류시스템 개선 = 90
제2절 가격전략 = 94
1. 항만시설사용료의 체계 = 94
2. 하역요율의 고가전략 = 95
제3절 촉진전략 = 96
1. 직접방문의 확대 = 96
2. 매체를 통한 홍보 및 광고의 활성 = 97
3. 포트세일즈단의 활성 = 99
제4절 인원전략 = 100
1. 마케팅부서 설치 = 100
2. 항만하역 노동공급체계의 개선 = 100
제6장 요약 및 결론 = 102
참고문헌 = 105
Interview 자료 = 10
Electrochemical Analysis of Microbiologically Influence Corrosion of Steels by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Get PDFAlthough microbiologically influenced corrosion researches were started about 100 years ago, most microbial corrosion studies were carried out in 1980s because the significance of corrosion damages was known recently. For the first time, Gaines, however, suggested that corrosion at the inner and outer sides of a water pipe be influenced with sulfide-oxidizing bacteria and iron-oxidizing bacteria.
Recently, with a rapid development of industries, many structural steels were exposed to severe corrosive environments, so that development of corrosion resistant steels was necessary in terms of both economical and industrial safety viewpoints. Unexpected accidents caused by a structural corrosion often happened. For examples, water pipe line leaked due to the corrosion of welded area of stainless steel pipe inspected safe and unexpected severe pitting corrosions in cargo oil tank bottom plating were also observed. Corrosion damages of fuel oil tank in aircraft as well as the abnormal corrosion of weld metal area of stainless steels were reported.
A series of corrosion accidents mentioned above were not significant compared with conventional corrosion based on that the electrochemical theory is a simple concept. Eventually it was, however, thought that the origin of corrosion was attributed to microorganism existing in various corrosive environments. Furthermore it was reported that the corrosion damage associated with bacteria in some places such as a petroleum chemical industry, a nuclear power generating plant and concrete structures frequently happened and the amounts of damage were estimated to be over several billion dollars.
In this study, the susceptibility of TMCP (Thermo Mechanical Control Process) steel, Normalized steel and conventional Mild steel to MIC caused by SRB was investigated based on the electrochemical aspects.
The results of this research in absence of SRB, corrosion potential shifted to a low level in the beginning and then maintained a stable level later on. However the corrosion potential shifted to lower range in the beginning with the SRB presence, but after 14 to 20 days incubation, the corrosion potential changed to a noble level again, indicating MIC caused by the SRB.
Corrosion current density in the presence of SRB was higher than that in absence of SRB. Furthermore, a pitting corrosion was observed in the SRB growing medium while the control did not show any such phenomenon. Normalized steel had a better corrosion resistance than the TMCP steel. It appeared that there were some differences between polarization curves depending on the presence or absence of SRB in the corrosion test cell.목차
Abstract
1. 서론 = 1
1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 = 1
1.2 연구 내용 = 3
2. 이론적 배경 = 5
2.1 부식의 정의 = 5
2.2 부식의 발생 원인 = 6
2.3 전위(Potential) = 9
2.4 전위-pH도 = 14
2.5 분극(Polarization) = 17
2.5.1 분극의 종류 = 22
2.6 미생물 부식의 개요 = 23
2.6.1 호기성 박테리아에 의한 부식 = 23
2.6.2 혐기성 박테리아의 부식 = 26
2.6.3 알루미늄 합금의 미생물 부식 = 29
2.6.4 일반부식과 미생물부식의 특성비교 = 30
2.6.5 각종 금속의 미생물 부식의 특징 = 31
2.6.7 미생물 부식의 조사 방법 및 제어방법 = 32
2.6.8 미생물 부식의 방지법 = 33
3. 실험 방법 = 36
3.1 일반 부식 실험 = 36
3.1.1 시험편의 제작 = 36
3.1.2 부식 실험 방법 = 39
3.1.3 일반 부식 용액 = 46
3.2 미생물 부식 실험 = 49
3.2.1 미생물 부식의 시험편 제작 및 방법 = 49
4. 일반 부식에 관한 실험 결과 및 고찰 = 59
4.l 천연해수에서의 부식특성 비교·고찰 = 59
4.1.1 부식전위 특성 및 고찰 = 59
4.1.2 갈바닉 부식 특성 및 고찰 = 65
4.1.3 분극 실험 결과 및 고찰 = 69
4.2 Na₂SO₄ 용액에서의 부식 특성 비교·고찰 = 76
4.2.1 부식전위 특성 및 고찰 = 79
4.2.2 갈바닉 부식 특성 및 고찰 = 86
4.2.3 분극 실험 결과 및 고찰 = 86
4.3 결론 = 100
5 미생물 부식에 관한 실험 결과 및 고찰 = 102
5.1 부식 전위 및 분극 실험에 관한 고찰 = 102
5.1.1 Gigas 균주 첨가 실험 = 102
5.1.2 원유에서 부리된 SRB 부식 실험 = 110
5.2 시험편의 표면상태 고찰 = 121
5.3 결론 = 137
6. 종합 결론 = 139
참고 문헌 = 14
(A) Study on the Development of a Lightning Warning System Utilizing a Rotation-type Field Mill
Get PDFThe objection of this study is to develop a lightning warning system based on the measurement of electric field intensity on the ground level.
In this thesis, changes of the electric field intensity formed by thunderclouds are theoretically described. Also two types of calibration system, such as a cylindrical guard electrodes and a parallel-plate electrodes, are proposed to determine the sensitivity and frequency bandwidth of the lightning warning system.
In order to accomplish the high sensitive lightning warning system, the principles and design rules of a rotation-type field mill are studied. The lightning warning system consists of the rotation-type field mill as an electric field sensor, an impedance changer, and a two-stage amplifier.
The field mill is composed of two isolated electrode vanes, a grounded stator and a rotor. The impedance changer necessary to maximize the time-constant of the lightning warning system is designed by using an operational amplifier(CA3130) with extremely high input impedance of 1.5 [TΩ].
From the calibration experiment, the frequency bandwidth and the sensitivity of the field mill are DC ∼ 200 [Hz] and 0.267 [mV/V/m], respectively. Maximum resolution of the developed lightning warning system is about 73 [V/m], and can be measured the electric field strength up to about 18.7 [kV/m]. For the purpose of measuring a higher level of the electric field strength, the sensitivity can be conveniently adjusted with a voltage divider in parallel connected to the output of the impedance changer.
To ensure the sensing ability of the developed lightning warning system in the actual situation, computer simulation using thundercloud models was carried out, and the result showed that the system can monitor the movement of thunderclouds within 6 [km] from the observation site.Abstract = ⅱ
그림 및 표 목차 = ⅳ
제 1 장 서론 = 1
제 2 장 이론 = 5
2.1 뇌운에 의한 대지전계 변화 = 5
2.2 대지전계 측정장치 = 11
2.3 회전형 필드 밀의 원리 = 14
제 3 장 뇌경보시스템의 구성 = 21
3.1 회전형 필드 밀을 이용한 대지전계 측정 = 21
3.2 뇌경보시스템 = 24
제 4 장 교정장치 및 방법 = 27
4.1 교정장치의 설계 및 제작 = 27
4.2 교정방법 = 32
제 5 장 실험결과 및 고찰 = 34
5.1 주파수 대역 및 응답감도 = 34
5.2 뇌경보 능력에 대한 이론적 고찰 = 38
제 6 장 결론 = 42
참고 문헌 = 44
부록 = 4
A Study on Structural Analysis Method of Marine Debris Boom
Get PDFMarine wastes are solid bodies in ocean and mostly originate from land. Marine debris is a kind of marine wastes such as log, wood piece, fish net, wire rope, etc. This study introduces a debris boom for collecting or recovering these floating debris. Generally, the debris boom consists of floater, wire net, tension member and fabric connector.
This debris boom is deployed in symmetric or asymmetric configuration like an oil boom. In this study, axial stress and deformation of deployed booms is analysed by applying a theoretical method and using a commercial finite element analysis program, ANSYS Release 5.5. The results of the finite element analysis program are compared with those of the theoretical method. The results of this study can be used for the debris boom design with some basic data.목차
Abstract = i
기호설명 = iv
그림목차 = vi
표목차 = vii
1. 서론 = 1
2. 차단막의 구조 및 특성 = 4
3. 차단막에 작용하는 환경하중 = 5
4. 이론 해석 및 유한요소 해석 = 8
4.1 이론 해석 = 8
4.2 유한요소 해석 = 15
4.2.1 차단막의 유한요소 해석을 위한 가정과 접근방법 = 15
4.2.2 차단막의 유한요소 해석을 위한 요소 선정 및 경계 조건 = 15
4.2.3 차단막의 초기 전장형상 모델링 = 16
5. 결과 및 토론 = 20
5.1 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램 구동 결과 = 20
5.1.1 대？け망뗌？ 차단막 = 20
5.1.2 비대칭구조의 차단막 = 24
5.2 토론 = 28
5.2.1 차단막의 전장형상 = 28
5.2.2 차단막의 축방향 응력 = 30
6. 결론 = 36
참고문헌 = 3
(A) Study on the Efficient Consturction of Wastes Management system
Get PDF1. Background
As the number of people is increasing and the industry is developing, the amount of wastes is increasing simultaneously. Our nation dispose wastes by burial or incineration, people reuse them occasionally.
The costs of waste disposal are estimated about 1,800 billions in 1998, 72 percent of total costs are logistic costs . It said that the process of burial bring about a lot of environment pollution problems such as heavy metal, dioxin, sewage leak especially. So the people require the process of reuse and incineration than burial on those situations.
2. Purpose
The aim of this paper is for the efficient construction of waste management systems through the recent analysis about waste collection, carriage, and disposal.
3. Methodologies and Results
The methodologies of this paper is cost analysis, I compare with altanatives and draw out the best altanative. The results of analysis was that alternative no.2 was the best.
4. Contribution
The waste policy of government is aimed for the foundation construction of economic social that the resources are well recycled, and the government promotes the construction of systems such as wastes minimization, wastes recycling, wastes efficient management.
In the case, these policies can obtain the desired results if only the related studies on its execution are preceded.ABSTRACT
1장 서론
1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 = 1
1.2 연구 방법 및 의의 = 2
2장 폐기물 관리의 목표 및 현황 = 4
2.1 폐기물의 정의 및 분류 = 4
2.2 폐기물 관리의 변화 = 6
2.2.1 위생 개념의 방어적 시각(1961∼1977) = 6
2.2.2 적극적 보전 개념의 도입(1978∼1986) = 6
2.2.3 재활용 개념의 도입(1986∼1992) = 7
2.2.4 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 폐기물 최소화 개념의 도입(1993∼현재) = 7
2.3 폐기물 관리 목표 = 8
2.3.1 폐기물 문제의 요인 = 8
2.3.2 폐기물 관리 목표 = 9
2.3.2.1 정부 차원의 폐기물 관리 목표 = 9
2.3.2.2 부산광역시 환경 보전 종합 계획(1999∼2008) = 11
2.4 폐기물 관리 현황 = 13
2.4.1 폐기물 관리 현황 = 13
2.4.1.1 폐기물 발생 = 13
2.4.1.2 폐기물 수거 및 운반 = 14
2.4.1.3 폐기물 처리 및 처분 = 16
2.4.1.4 폐기물 재활용 = 18
3장 폐기물 재활용의 필요성 및 경제성 평가 = 20
3.1 폐기물 재활용의 필요성 = 20
3.2 재활용의 경제성 평가 = 23
3.2.1 처리 유형별 경제성 평가 틀 = 23
3.2.2 폐기물 경제성 평가 = 24
4장 효율적인 폐기물 관리 시스템 구축 방안 = 28
4.1 국내 폐기물 관리의 문제점 = 30
4.2 효율적인 폐기물 관리 시스템 구축의 필요성 = 32
4.3 영도구 폐기물 관리 분석 = 34
4.3.1 폐기물의 수거 주체 = 34
4.3.2 폐기물의 처리 현황 분석 = 35
4.4 폐기물 관리 시스템의 구축 = 39
4.4.1 폐기물 관리 시스템의 폐기물 흐름 분석 = 39
4.4.2 영도구의 현재 폐기물 관리 시스템 = 41
4.5 폐기물 관리 시스템 분석 = 43
4.5.1 영도구 폐기물 관리 시스템 비용 분석 = 43
4.5.1.1 영도구 폐기물 처리비용 분석 = 43
4.5.1.2 톤당 폐기물 처리비용 산출 = 44
4.5.2 폐기물 관리 시스템의 비용 분석 = 45
4.6 개선 대안 및 최적 대안 선정 = 48
4.6.1 개선 대안 = 48
4.6.2 최적 대안 선정 = 50
4.6.3 비용분석 및 최적대안 선정 = 51
5장 결론 = 54
참고문헌 = 5
A Study on Design and Fabrication of Broad-Band EMC Filter
Get PDFSince the occupation density of microwave frequency band is highly increased, the electromagnetic environment is getting worse seriously. It is sometimes reported that electronic machines are not normally operated because of the influence of undesired electromagnetic wave. It often gives fatal blow to even human life and thus becomes serious social problems. Some international organizations such as IEC, FCC, CISPR, VCCI, VDE, ANSI, etc., have enacted laws and regulations related to the protection against EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and EMS (Electromagnetic Susceptibility), are farther strengthening the regulations.
To meet these tendency, in this thesis, a kind of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems was solved by developing a broad-band EMC filter. As a solution, an EMC filter has been designed which is composed of feed-through capacitors and ferrite beads with high permeability. The proposed EMC filter satisfied the EMC requirements for a wide-band noise signal from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz in power supply line. The optimum values of the ferrite bead structure and capacitance of the feed-through capacitors was found by calculating the load effect of ferrite beads and the filtering performances.
As a result, the filter showed excellent differential- and common-mode noises filtering characteristics above with 28 to 70 dB in the frequency band from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The immunity characteristics are improved more than 10 to 30 dB over the frequency band from DC to 1.8 GHz.목차
Abstract = i
Nomenclatures = ii
제1장 서론 = 1
1.1 연구 배경 = 1
1.2 연구 목적 = 3
1.3 연구 내용 = 4
제2장 광대역 EMC Filter의 해석 = 5
2.1 전자시스템의 EMC 요구 = 5
2.2 전송선로의 모드 해석 = 11
2.3 EFT 특성 = 16
2.4 EFT의 결합 경로 = 19
2.5 관통형 컨덴서와 페라이트 비드 특성 = 24
제3장 광대역 EMC Filter의 설계 및 제작 = 33
3.1 광대역 EMC 필터의 설계 = 33
3.2 광대역 EMC 필터의 삽입손실 계산 = 35
제4장 광대역 EMC Filter의 특성 분석 = 41
4.1 제작한 광대역 EMC 필터의 삽입손실 측정 분석 = 41
4.2 과도전압(EFT) 특성 분성 = 46
제5장 결론 = 50
참고문헌 = 51
본 연구와 관련된 발표 논문 = 5
(A) Study on the Alternatives to Traditional Bills of Lading related to Problems with It's Legal Effects in International Trade and Transportation
Get PDFBills of Lading, with their long history and legal position in the world shipping industry are still internationally acknowledged as the dinglische Wirkung or title to the goods. Furthermore, under the law forcing exchangeability for goods, even a contractual buyer is unable to claim delivery of goods from a carrier without presenting or exchanging an original bill of lading(B/L), Likewise the carrier is also unable to release the goods carried without original B/L. Given such legal limitations, however, the recent appearance of high speed ships in ocean shipping has shortened the transit time resulting late release of goods due to the later arrival of documents than goods. Regarding this, usage of B/L could become rather an obstacle in delivering goods in time, causing waste time and unnecessary expenses to the consignee. There has been some discussions of how to eliminate such inconvenience and problems but most of them do not conform to reality. Recently, among alternatives to traditional B/L, the most plausible methods are the SWB and electronic B/L. However due to their short history, they are not yet legally recognized under Korean law nor international conventions or rules use of nonnegotiable Sea Waybill(SWB) and discussions on how to fulfil the functions of B/L electronically come about, however, due to their short history, they alternatives are not yet legally specified neither by the Korean laws nor international conventions or rules.
The object of this thesis is to present not only SWB and electronic B/L as tools of solving above mentioned problems, but also to provide direction for what legislation will be necessary to support them. The research findings are summarized as follows :
1. To Enhance the Usage of SWB
Although SWB are occasionally used in Korea because of foreign customers request, there is still lack of recognition and are not being researched in actual business setting. Moreover, there hasn't been any discussion on how to establish or revise of laws relating to SWB. Therefore, to promote the use of SWB on a stable basis, business procedures will need to be established and supporting legal systems will have to be prepared as follows :
(1) The current commercial code should include, a definition of SWB containing its legal character, provision of cargo delivery, provision of shipper's right to control of goods shipped, effect of SWB and provision of mutatis mutandis application of relative provisions for B/L.
(2) Standard forms including it's clauses(terms and conditions) that can be applied to practical business of using SWB need to be prepared. As SWB functions as the evidence of contract of liner sea transport, using long form would be recommendable.
(3) Transactions without resale during the transportation can be carried on SWB. As for those on cash base or open account base, and D/A term among Collection base etc. where there is no problem settling payment for goods between reliable parties, and shipping document automatically released to the buyer regardless his concurrent payment and therefore in such transaction, SWB can be used instead of B/L. Thus, in short, SWB shall be used except for when B/L should be used due to unconditional requirements of the B/L as a functioning of title to the goods. SWB can be used as an alternative to B/L to overcome delays caused by faster transit time and B/L arriving later than goods. However, SWB has not been used widely because its actual application and legal position has yet been established in Korea. Also, even those concerned parties still do not clearly recognize the effect of using SWB and replacing current B/L with SWB is not common yet. Therefore, in order to improve the use of SWB, international transportation or trade authorities (i.e., the Shipowners Association, the International Freight Forwarders Association, Trade Association etc.), government agencies and research institutions or academic circles, need to encourage concerned parties to use SWB by conducting active studies and promotions.
(4) When SWB are used, the person who requests delivery of goods should prove that he is the named consignee and the carrier may deliver the goods to him without exchanging the SWB.
(5) Since SWB is not negotiable by endorsement and the parties concerned are limited to carrier, shipper and consignee, computerization is not so complicated. The purpose of using SWB is to eliminate B/L required in every stage and let the cargo information be given to those between shipper and carrier, among carriers at port of departure and destination or customs offices etc. which would eventually enable the consignee to receive cargo without presentation of document. Thus, replacing papers (e.g., Booking Request, Shipping Instructions, Carriers' confirmation for receipt of booking, preparation of SWB, Arrival Notice etc.) with EDI when using SWB would enhance convenience in exchanging information and promptness in cargo flow.
2. To Activate the Electronic Bills of Lading
On the other hand, I would also suggest employment and activation of electronic negotiable bills of lading(e-B/L), performing the functions of document of title to the good.
(1) This would require setting up legal backing for studies. Some attempts have been made to overcome the functional limits of negotiable B/L but practical application have yet to found. The reason is not because of computer technical problem but of legal problem. Korean laws such as the Commercial Code, Act on the Promotion of office Automation for Trade, Digital Signature Act are not directly applicable to e-B/L. Hence, for smooth electronic operation of B/L, provisions must be made that allow e-B/L to be regarded as a document of contract of carriage of goods by sea is necessary, like that of current B/L. To do this, provisions of the Exemption of Carrier's Liabilities(Korea Commercial Code, Article 789bis) and the Exemption of Prohibition of Lightening Liability (Art. 790) can be applicable. And the provisions such as the Issuance of B/L(Art. 813), Particulars to be stated in the B/L(Art. 814), Effects of B/L Description (Art. 814bis) can be applied or correspondingly applied to some limits. Moreover, provisions about the Exchangeability of B/L(Art.820 & 129), Sign and Deliver of B/L copy(Art. 815), Numerous original of B/L and Delivery of Goods at Port of Discharge(Art. 816), Numerous original of B/L and Delivery of Goods at Place other than the Port of Discharge(Art. 817) are undoubtedly inapplicable to e-B/L. In addition, a revision of the Promotion Act for Promotion of Trade Automation is also required for wider application limits of e-B/L. Furthermore, for international usage of e-B/L, establishment of a unified international laws, such as international convention or rules, is highly demanded. Untill these points are recognized legally, it can be operated under separate contracts among the concerned parties .
(2) According to CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading, the carrier is stipulated as the managing or controling body of e-B/L, but due to immanent problems of additional responsibility, cost, specialized human resource, technical installation and system know-how, the efficient managing body should be a neutral 3rd party administration.
(3) As for e-B/L, besides amendment of consignee by changing the title of ownership, other corrections are unavoidable. There would be many different types of alteration including changing the terms and condition of contact of carriage(e.g., change of consignee and destination etc.), as well as minor spelling correction. Since the electronic transfer of title by Private Key Holder to others is the ultimate purpose of e-B/L, this is not a matter carrier shall interfere with. However, as the alteration of such content is related to B/L forgery and amending major contents of carriage of goods leads to change of rights and obligations of carriers, these changes must be done with the carriers' acceptance. What is more, the authority to amend e-B /L data should also be given to the carrier.
3. To Utilize Substitutions as Shipping Document for Traditional Bills of Lading
SWB and e-B/L are possible alternatives to current paper B/L. However, under the present conditions and circumstances, neither one is suitable enough to entirely replace whole paper B/L because paper B/L are still compulsory in some countries, not all trade parties have computer capacity, and transit times are often long enough to allow timely paper B/L arrival. So, even if e-B/L comes to wide usage, current paper B/L shall co-exist for long time. However, in order to lessen problems arising from paper B/L, I would strongly suggest the transactions without resale during the voyage be carried on non-negotiable SWB and those with expected resale and on a L/C base requiring security, be carried out under negotiable B/L. Currently limited usage of e-B/L is considered between parties with established relationships, for example, between specific neighboring countries and/or between companies in good standing. In case when documents are certain to arrive sooner than cargo, current paper B/L is just as good. However, all shipping documents should turnover to paperless electronic documentation which would eventually bring more efficiency and productivity.목차
Abstract
第1章 序論
第1節 硏究의 目的 = 1
第2節 硏究의 範圍 및 方法 = 4
第2章 現行 船荷證券制度의 運營上의 問題點 = 8
第1節 序說 = 8
第2節 船荷證券本質上의 問題 = 10
1. 船荷證券의 權利證券性에 따른 問題 = 10
2. 船荷證券의 相換證券性에 따른 問題 = 12
第3節 海上運送書類實務上의 問題 = 14
1. 船荷證券이 화물보다 늦게 도착하는 問題 = 14
2. 船荷證券原本의 紛失問題 = 18
3. 保證渡의 問題 = 23
4. 業務自動化 趨勢와 電子商去來環境의 擴散 = 33
第4節 傳統的 船荷證券制度의 問題解決을 위한 代替手段의 必要性 = 35
1. 船荷證券原本을 화물보다 먼저 目的地에 도착시키기 위한 방법 = 35
2. 船荷證券原本을 發行地 또는 船積地에 제출하는 방법 = 43
3. 權利證券性 및 相換證券性이 없는 運送證券을 사용하는 방법 = 47
4. 船荷證券機能을 電子式으로 운영하는 방법 = 48
第3章 Sea Waybill에 의한 運送 = 51
第1節 Sea Waybill에 관한 一般的 考察 = 51
1. Sea Waybill의 槪念 = 51
2. 선하증권에 대한 Sea Waybill의 性質 = 52
3. Sea Waybill의 機能 = 56
4. 船荷證券問題의 解決方案으로서 Sea Waybill = 59
第2節 Sea Waybill의 活用이 가능한 運送物 = 60
1. Sea Waybill에 의한 운송이 가능한 貨物 = 60
2. Sea Waybill로의 代替可能한 貿易去來方式과 그 比重測定 = 63
第3節 Sea Waybill의 受容을 위한 國際的 動向 = 73
1. 各國의 動向 = 73
2. 貿易·運送關聯 國際規則과 Sea Waybill = 75
1) 국제정형무역조건(INCOTERMS)과 Sea Waybill = 75
2) 신용장통일규칙과 Sea Waybill = 76
3) CMI의 Sea Waybill에 관한 통일 규칙 = 77
第4節 Sea Waybill의 活用을 위한 提言 = 80
1. Sea Waybill에 관한 法制의 確立 = 80
1) 立法의 當爲性 = 80
2) 우리나라 現行法의 處地와 立法의 必要性 = 81
3) Sea Waybill에 관한 立法方向 = 82
2. Sea Waybill에 의한 運送과 受荷人의 確認方法 = 96
3. Sea Waybill의 電子化 = 103
4. Sea Waybill에 대한 認識의 提高 = 109
第4章 電子式 船荷證券에 의한 運送 = 110
第1節 電子式 船荷證券의 意義 = 110
第2節 電子式 船荷證券의 活用을 위한 先行硏究 = 112
1. 序說 = 112
2. 旣存硏究와 試圖 = 114
1) Reinskou의 전자식 선하증권 = 114
2) Sedocs Registery Limited의 전자식 선하증권 = 115
3) NCITD의 전자식 선하증권 = 117
4) BOLERO의 전자식 선하증권 = 120
3. 電子式 船荷證券에 관한 國際規則 = 127
1) CMI의 전자식 선하증권 규칙 = 127
2) INCOTERMS와 전자식 선하증권 = 130
3) 신용장통일규칙과 전자식 선하증권 = 131
4) 선하증권관련 국제통일조약의 처지 = 132
第3節 船荷證券의 電子化에 따른 諸問題 = 133
1. 電子船荷證券데이터와 證據能力問題 = 133
1) 英美法系의 傳聞法則 · 最良證據 原則과 證據能力 = 134
2) 大陸法系의 自由心證主義와 證據能力 = 138
3) 유엔국제거래법위원회(UNCITRAL)의 전자상거래 모델법 = 138
4) ICC의 전송에 의한 무역자료교환에 관한 통일규칙 = 139
5) 우리나라의 관련법 = 139
2. 船荷證券과 電子署名의 效力問題 = 142
3. 電子式 船荷證券의 法的 效力 問題 = 146
1) 전자식 선하증권과 物權的 效力 問題 = 146
2) 전자식 선하증권과 債權的 效力 問題 = 149
第4節 船荷證券의 電子的 運營方案 = 151
1. 電子式 船荷證券의 운영모델 = 151
2. 電子式 船荷證券記載內容의 事後變更과 데이터의 訂正 = 162
3. 電子式 船荷證券모델의 運營을 위한 實務的 補完事項 = 170
4. 電子式 船荷證券의 運用에 관한 法制의 뒷받침 = 176
1) 관련 法律의 制定 · 改正의 必要性 = 176
2) 전자식 선하증권의 실용화를 위한 法律의 制定 · 改正方向 = 177
第5章 結論 = 185
參考文獻 = 19
(A) Study on Performance Enhancement of Passive Range Estimation in Multi-Source Environments
Get PDFIn this thesis, the author studies the passive range estimation method using various beamformers for a linear hydrophone array. There are many applications in which it is of interest to estimate the time delay. A kind of important consideration in estimator design is the available amount of a priori knowledge of the signal and noise statistics. In many problems, this information is negligible. In passive ranging, the source spectrum is unknown or only known approximately. One common method of determining the time delay, the arrival angle relative to the sensors axis is to compute the cross correlation function. Because of the finite observation time, however, the cross correlation function cannot be precisely calculated. A low SNR is considered in underwater environment, so it is very difficult to gather data from the sound source in each hydrophones for improper cross-correlation values. Previous works have said that one important thing is to select the appropriate sensors having data including information of the target, but the towed linear array is physically limited. And in detecting multi-targets, it is difficult practically for the TDE (time delay estimation) method to detect them at the same time. The author makes appropriate sub-arrays in a linear array of N sensors and apply the beamformers such as a conventional beamformer, weighted and sum, etc. to compare, that is, we present and analyze the performance of range estimation using beamformers considering near-field. It is assumed that the real range is from the center of the linear array to the target, it means that there are two groups including several or many sub-arrays to make their own beam. From the center of the array to the left is called the left and to the right of the center, the right group. These beamformers of the sub-arrays make their own beams in equal increments to the equal-range in the known direction of the target step by step, the opposite side of the array make beams, also. As a result of these, the maximum values can be determined by measuring the power of summed output of the each beamformer. The proposed technique can estimate the ranges of multi-targets. So it is possible to know the relative position of the targets according to the bearings and ranges. Performance of passive range estimation based on weighted beamformers is compared with a method using time delay estimation, it analyzes the range estimation error according to the bearing estimation error.그림차례 = ⅱ
표차례 = ⅲ
기호표 = ⅳ
약어표 = ⅴ
Abstract = ⅵ
제 1 장 서론 = 1
제 2 장 수동형 거리 추정 기법 = 3
제2-1절 Wavefront-curvature 기법 = 3
제2-2절 삼각 기법 = 5
제2-3절 Focused 빔 형성 기반 기법 = 6
제 3 장 다중 음원 환경을 위한 거리 추정 기법 = 8
제3-1절 거리 추정을 위한 신호처리 과정 = 9
제3-2절 Dual focused 빔 형성 기반 기법의 성능 분석 = 11
제3-3절 Minimum Variance 빔 형성기 = 14
제 4 장 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과 및 고찰 = 17
제 5 장 DSP 프로세서를 이용한 거리 추정 기법 구현 = 23
제5-1절 TMS320C6201 EVM보드의 구조 = 23
제5-2절 TMS320C6201 DSP를 이용한 성능 분석 = 27
제5-3절 수동형 거리 추정 기법 구현 결과 = 29
제 6 장 결론 = 32
참고문헌 = 3
(A) Study on the Conservation of the Marine Environment of Northeast Asia in International Law
Get PDFThe sea is an infinite treasure-house of the resources. Through all ages we have depended on the sea in order to obtain the resources to live. But the sea is experiencing heavy pollution due to industrial development.
Particularly, the Yellow and East sea of the Northeast Asia region (in Semi-enclosed sea), it is getting far worse.
The marine pollution is caused by land-based sources, the atmosphere, ships, dumping of wastes and other matter at sea, seabed activities, etc.
In the case of North-East Asia, the marine pollution is mainly caused by the wastewater from in-land and the oil pollution by marine accidents that frequently occur in the area.
There are two categories of international disputes concerned with environmental pollutionone among adjacent countries, and the other between developed and developing countries. Among the countries in the area, South Korea weighs more on the intergovernmental businesses, while Japan does it on the local businesses. Meanwhile, China and North Korea are not very active for such environmental issues.
The area needs the Northeast Asia region cooperation for handling the serious environmental problems it has such as the acid rain, the yellow sand, and marine and river pollution.
South Korea has a bilateral agreement with Japan, China, North Korea and Russia. There are several multilateral agreement in the area, they are NEACEC(Northeast Asian Conference on Environmental Cooperation), SOM(Meeting of Senior officer on Environment Cooperation in Northeast Asia), ECO-AISA(Environment Congress for Asia & the Pacific), NOWPAP(Northeast Pacific Action Plan), and TEMM(The Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting between China, Japan, and Korea), etc.
Since 1994, NOWPAP presided over by UNEP has been doing an antipollution business to keep the Yellow Sea and the East Sea pollution free.
The TEMM has met regularly since 1999 to improve environmental businesses in the area. the Environment ministers from Korea, China and Japan had talks, during which reducing the long-ranged air pollution and environmental pollution in the Yellow and East sea and solving local environment related problems were discussed. They suggested some ways to cope with environmental pollution in North-East Asia in the 21st century.
The problems they have in the environmental cooperation of the North East Asia region are the lack of comprehensive system, the mutual understanding among the participating countries and the organized relationship between the bilateral and multilateral cooperations. It is intended for the countries in the area to acknowledge the same community spirit of environmental issue, establish an organization to preserve the marine environment, execute a joint research for marine environment and sign the agreement for intergovernmental cooperation.Abstract = ⅴ
제1장 서론 = 1
제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
제2절 연구의 내용 및 구성 = 4
제2장 동북아 국가의 해양환경 실태 = 6
제1절 환경문제와 관련된 국제적 갈등 = 7
Ⅰ. 인접국가간의 갈등 = 7
Ⅱ. 선진국과 개발도상국간의 갈등 = 7
？？2절 국가별 해양환경오염 실태 = 10
Ⅰ. 중국 = 10
Ⅱ. 북한 = 13
Ⅲ. 한국 = 14
제3절 동북아 국가의 해양환경보존 노력 = 17
Ⅰ. 한국 = 18
Ⅱ. 일본 = 19
Ⅲ. 중국 = 19
Ⅳ. 러시아 = 20
제3장 동북아 국가의 해양환경 보존 협약 체계 = 22
제1절 동북아 국가의 환경협력 = 22
Ⅰ. 유명무실한 지역협력 체제 = 22
Ⅱ. 국제환경협약과 국내법 = 24
Ⅲ. 지역적 협약의 채택에 따른 국내법의 개선방안 = 25
제2절 동북아 국가의 지역협력 = 28
Ⅰ. 양자간 환경협약 = 29
1. 개요 = 29
가. 한·일 환경협력 = 29
나. 한·중 환경협력 = 31
다. 한·북 환경협력 = 33
라. 한·러 환경협력 = 33
2. 양자간 환경보존을 위한 협력 = 34
가. 중국의 참여 = 35
나. 일본의 참여 = 35
Ⅱ. 다자간 환경협약 = 35
1. 개요 = 36
가. 동북아 환경협력회의 = 36
나. ESCAP주관 동북아 환경협력 고위급회의 = 37
다. 아시아 태평양지역 환경회의 = 39
라. 북서태평양보전실천계획에 관한 정부간회의 = 40
마. TRADP 환경양해각서 = 46
바. 기타 ESCAP 등 국제기구을 통한 환경논의 = 46
2. 다자간 환경보존을 위한 협력 = 46
가. 동북아 환경협력회의 = 46
나. ESCAP주관 동북아 환경협력 고위급회의 = 47
다. 아시아 태평양지역 환경회의 = 47
Ⅲ. 동북아 환경협력의 문제점 = 48
제4장 지역협력의 추진방안 = 49
제1절 반폐쇄인 동해와 황해에 있어서의 해양환경 보호 = 49
Ⅰ. 반폐쇄해와 폐쇄해의 개념 = 49
Ⅱ. 반폐쇄해의 법적지위 = 50
Ⅲ. 반폐쇄인 동해와 황해에 있어서의 해양환경 보존 = 51
1. 황해 = 52
2. 동해 = 53
제2절 지역협력의 당위성과 협약채택의 필요성 = 54
Ⅰ. 지역협력의 당위성 = 54
Ⅱ. 지역적 협약 채택의 필요성 = 57
제3절 구체적인 지역협력 체제의 가동 = 59
Ⅰ. 환경오염의 확산억제를 위한 동북아 협력체제 구축방향 = 59
Ⅱ. 국가간의 환경문제 유형과 동북아 환경협력의 형태 = 62
Ⅲ. 한·중·일 환경장관회의 = 65
1. 제1차 한·중·일 3국 환경장관회의 결과 = 65
2. 제2차 한·중·일 3국 환경장관회의 결과 = 67
제4절 동북아 지역의 단계적 협력 추진방향 = 69
제5장 결론 = 72
參考文獻 = 7
Study on the High Stable Instrumentation and Analytic Techniques for Radioactive Pulse
Get PDFThe objective of this thesis is to develope an integrated data acquisition and analysis system for radioisotope application technology. The system developed in this study makes use of radioisotope of the low activity exempted from domestic atomic law and consists of a detection circuit for gamma-rays and neutrons, a high voltage supply unit, a digital signal processor, and a PC-base program.
The high voltage supply unit can generate DC voltage up to 1,500[V] at 5[V] input, and have a series voltage regulator to maintain the output voltage constantly. The neutron pulse detection circuit consists of an active integrator, a pole-zero circuit, and a 3-stage amplifier of 60[dB], and its frequency bandwidth is from 37[Hz] to 300[KHz]. Gamma-ray detection circuit can count pulse up to 10,000[pps].
Also, pulse height distributions and pulse numbers are very important data in analyzing radioactive pulses. In this study, A/D converter of 12[bit], 100[ns] and 60[MHz] DSP are used to analyze the pulse height distribution and the analytic system is fabricated to be operated in personal computer.
Radioactive pulse has superior penetration ability to almost all kinds of materials, and it is also possible to evaluate the soundness of electrical insulation materials by analyzing the pulse numbers and/or pulse height distributions.
In the experiment, pulse numbers counted by the gamma source and pulse height distributions by the neutron source are applied to evaluate the condition of materials such as power cables, insulators, and ZnO blocks. From the experimental results, it is proven that the measurement of pulse numbers and pulse height distributions for radioactive pulse make possible to diagnose the soundness of materials.목차
목차 = i
그림 및 표목차 = iii
Abstract = V
제1장 서론 = 1
1.1 연구배경 및 목적 = 1
1.2 연구내용 및 활용방안 = 3
제2장 이론 = 5
2.1 방사선의 성질 = 5
2.1.1 방사선 펄스 = 5
2.1.2 방사선의 투과, 흡수 및 직진성 = 7
2.1.3 방사선과 물질과의 ？鑽＠謗？ = 8
2.2 방사선 펄스의 검출원리 = 10
2.2.1. 방사선 검출기 = 10
2.2.2 검출원리 = 13
2.3 응용분야 = 18
제3장 계측 및 분석 시스템의 설계와 제작 = 21
3.1 고전압 공급장치 = 21
3.2 중성자 검출회로 = 29
3.3 감마선 검출회로 = 38
3.4 통합 계측 및 분석 시스템의 구성 = 42
제4장 시스템 평가 및 분석 = 49
4.1 평가 방법 = 49
4.2 기본특성실험 = 51
4.3 적용실험 = 54
제5장 결론 = 58
참고문헌 = 6