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(A) Study on the Enhancement of the Quality of Pusan Port Traffic Management Service
Get PDFFrom a historical perspective, the 21st century will usher in a fourth wave of the ocean age, or ocean century. World trade has been increasing continuously in total volume, on the other hand, environmental protection on sea and conservation of fishery resources has been rising up the major issue. All of the world are pushing their efforts two major purposes to the full, one is taking competitive place in marine transportation throughout the world and another is environment protection.
Based on geographical advantages, locating in the center of the world's trunk routes, Korea has driven 'modernization and expansion of port facilities' to become a marine superpower in the New Ocean Age. At the same time, in order to actively correspond to the changes in the world marine environment, PTMS (Port Traffic Management System) has been implemented in 1993 and established in 14 ports of Korea by 1998.
PTMS is integrated marine traffic control system and has been evaluated revolutionary effective in reducing marine casualties from other countries such as U.K since 1972 and Japan after 1977. Since 1998 in Korea ports, it's apparent that the result of 2 years' operation has played major role in improving safety and protecting coastal environment so far in Korea.
Also, Pusan Port as world leading port put its all effort in bring more ocean going vessels and securing their traffic route by providing them more information related to marine traffics through PTMS in port. During two years of operation, statistics of marine traffic accidents showed that many dynamic casualties such as collisions, groundings, and rammings has been decreased. However, due to increasing cargo volume, limited water area and unpredictable weather condition, potential risks still exist high.
In this paper, in order to maximize efficiency of PTMS and reduce various risks finally in the future, we examine PTMS addressable, non-addressable factors and the operational results in detail, and design suitable operational methods in Pusan Port.LIST OF FIGURES = ⅳ
LIST OF TABLES = ⅵ
ABSTRACT = ⅷ
제1장 서론 = 1
1.1 연구 배경 = 1
1.2 연구 목적 = 3
1.3 연구 범위 및 방법 = 3
1.4 논문의 내용 = 5
제2장 부산항 PTMS의 소개 = 6
2.1 부산항 PTMS의 개요 = 6
2.1.1 설치 목적 = 6
2.1.2 연혁 = 6
2.1.3 조직 = 8
2.1.4 제공 서비스의 종류 = 9
2.2 PTMS 시스템 = 11
2.2.1 구성 = 11
2.2.2 기능과 성능 = 12
2.2.3 특징 = 14
2.3 부산항 PTMS 현황 = 16
2.4 부산항 PTMS 메카니즘 = 18
2.4 부산항 PTMS 운영실적 = 21
제3장 PTMS의 운영효과 분석 = 23
3.1 PTMS 운영효과 평가 방법 = 23
3.2 부산항의 해난사고 분석 = 23
3.3 PTMS 운영 효과 평가 결과 = 29
3.4 설문 평가와의 비교 = 35
제4장 부산항의 관제 위험요소 분석 = 38
4.1 연안어선의 통항관리 문제 = 38
4.2 항계부근의 혼잡도 문제 = 40
4.3 부산북항 통항분리대 항로표지 문제 = 41
4.4 남외항 정박선박 문제 = 42
4.5 기상특보시 도선 문제 = 43
4.6 보조항로의 미지정 문제 = 44
제5장 해상교통관제 서비스 품질향상 방안 = 45
5.1 해상교통관제 환경 분야 = 45
5.1.1 부산항 해상교통분석 = 45
5.1.2 부산항 해상교통 분석결과 = 47
5.1.3 부산항 항계 부근 혼잡도 개선방안 = 49
5.2 운영조직 분야 = 53
5.2.1 항만운영업무의 개선 = 53
5.2.2 운영요원의 교육 및 고급인력의 양성 = 54
5.2.3 지원부서의 강화 = 55
5.3 시스템 분야 = 56
5.4 관련규정 및 법규분야 = 59
5.4.1 PTMS 법적규정 = 59
5.4.2 어선의 PTMS 규정 = 60
5.4.3 비상대비계획(Contigency Plan) 수립 = 61
제6장 결론 = 63
6.1 연구 결과 = 63
6.2 연구 과제 = 64
참고문헌 = 6
(A) Study on the Thermal Characteristics of the Large Low Temperature Vacuum Dryer for Biological Drying
Get PDFOf the roughly four million known substances, about 60,000 are processed and sold(1)much energy loss happens due to the discharge of hot air during the drying process, (2)control of drying rate is not easy on account of changing relative humidity of inlet air for uniform hot air temperature, (3)high temperature of foods in drying process brings about the production of low-grade drying products. Also, the hot-air drying method is inducing environmental and sanitary problems which are resulting from the emission of high temperature and high humidity air, including stick on the drying progress.
Vacuum drying takes advantage of energy saving and mass production because it reduces the drying time by increasing the drying rate under low temperature condition.
The aim of this paper is to develop the low temperature vacuum dryer, with low initial investments and operating costs, easy operating method and trouble-free operation.many of these must be dried. Many materials are processed in the liquid state - ideal for mixing and reacting - but most products are needed or wanted as dry, or relatively dry, solids.
Usually operation is just below atmospheric pressure, as with direct dryers, but some are built for vacuum operation with pressures as low as 50mmHg abs.. This lowers the boiling point to 39℃.
In tradition, there have been two kinds of drying methods, which are sun drying and artificial drying. The sun drying method which has been adopted traditionally has been replaced by the hot-air drying method which is one of the most general methods of artificial drying, with its simple drying system, low initial cost of drying plant, and easy operating method. But the hot-air drying method has some defect
A Study on Constructive Total Loss on Ship
Get PDF1) The value of the wreck must not be added.
2) No deduction is to be allowed in respect of general average contributions to the vessel's repairs payable by other parties (e.g. G/A contribution of cargo to the refloating damage of the vessel or a probable recovery from the other vessel in case of a collision)
3) The ship's proportion of future salvage and general average should be added. The 'future', I think, should be construed as after the casualty, no the notice of abandonment, which is normally applied in practice. However, it is required to amend ITC-Hulls Clauses or International Hull Clauses to clarify to cover the cost after the casualty.
4) No deduction is to be made of one-third new for old.
5) Cost of several distinct casualties may not be aggregated. Only cost relating to a single accident or sequence of damages arising from the same accident shall be taken into account.
Finally, considering clause 21 of International Hull Clauses which the figure to be taken into account in assessing whether the vessel is a CTL is now 80% of the insured value rather than 100%, I suppose that the using a compromised total loss settlement shall be made, in practice, in place of carrying out uneconomical repairs, not being a CTL. However, there is no provision in the MIA, nor in the policy for this type of settlement and controversy could rise. Therefore, the insured value of vessel shall be closed to the cost of market value and it is a necessary to appoint a fair and reasonable average adjuster to settle such a controversial claim as soon as possible.1) where an actual total loss appears to be unavoidable
2) where the assured is deprived of the ship and is unlikely to recover it
3) where the estimated cost of recovering/repairing the ship would exceed the value of the ship when repaired.
Most CTL cases fall within category 3) above. As to how the value of the ship when repaired is to be arrived at, the MIA givers little guidance. However, for a long time it has been customary for hull underwriters to take the insured value as the repaired value in ascertaining whether the ship is a CTL, which is evidenced by clause 19 of ITC-Hulls(1/10/83) and 21 of International Hull Clauses.
3. The estimated cost of repair should cover all expenses which would have been necessary had the vessel been repaired, including salvage charge, temporary repairs, class survey fee & etc. In calculating the probable cost of recovering/repairing the vessel which has to be compared with the insured value, the followings should be taken into account1. Under the MIA, a total loss of the a ship may be either an actual total loss or a constructive total loss. In practice, there is another form of total loss named compromised total loss. But it is actually partial loss because it is used in the circumstance of not being a total loss and it pays less than the sum-insured.
2. Under section 60 of MIA, a constructive total loss of a ship may be claimed in any of the circumstances belowand on the notice and acceptance of abandonment for a long time. Total loss caused by the insured peril is basically covered by a hull policy which has minimum coverage such as TLO(Total Loss Only). In marine insurance, a loss amy be either total loss or partial loss but total loss casualties of ships continue to cover steadily in spite of the developments in shipbuilding technology, navigation equipment and communication method in recent years.
The Institute Time Clauses-Hulls, which are mostly used in hull insurance all over the world, were amended in 1970 and 1983 so several controversial points on total losses are clarified. However, there remain some points to be clarified.
In recently, The Joint Hull Committee's(JHC) ambitious project to product a new set of hull insurance clauses which accurately reflect the needs and requirements of today's shipowners and insurers has been completed on time. The new clauses, which have been drafted following extensive consultation with shiponwer and other interested parties, will be available for use form 1st November, 2002 and wll be known as the International Hull Clauses.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine closely rule of interpretation when a ship damaged on the sea consider as constructive total loss according to M.I.A. and concrete specially the extent of indemnity when policy included the content that insurer shall recover total loss addition to the costs.
The findings of this study are briefly summarized as followsThere has been much controversy between the insurer and the assured in ascertaining whether there is a total loss or not목차
第1章 序論 = 1
第1節 硏究의 目的 = 1
第2節 硏究方法 및 範圍 = 3
第2章 船舶推定全損의 意義 = 5
第1節 船舶推定全損의 槪念 = 5
第2節 船舶推定全損 關聯 條項 = 7
I. 英國海上保險法(1906)上 推定全損條項 = 7
II. 船舶保險約款上의 推定全損條項 = 8
1. 協會期間船舶保險約款(1/10/83) = 8
2. 國際船舶保險約款(1/11/02) = 9
第3節 다른 槪念과의 差異 = 9
I. 現實全損과의 差異 = 9
II. 分損과의 差異 = 12
III. 妥協全損과의 差異 = 13
第3章 船舶推定全損의 要件 = 16
第1節 保險目的物의 物理的 修繕不能 = 16
I. 現實全損이 不可避한 것으로 보일 때 = 16
II. 船舶의 占有를 喪失하여 回復의 可能性이 없는 경우 = 18
1. 現實的으로 占有를 喪失할 것 = 18
2. '相當한 期間'의 意味 = 22
3. 現實全損에서의 '回復할 수 없는'과의 差異 = 25
第2節 保險目的物의 經濟的 修繕不能 = 25
I. 經濟的 修繕不能의 意味 = 25
II. 修繕後 船舶의 價額 = 26
1. 未評價保險(unvalued policy)의 境遇 = 26
2. 旣評價保險(valued policy)의 境遇 = 29
3. 修繕後 船舶의 價額과 協定保險價額 = 30
III. 船舶의 修繕費用 = 33
1. 修繕費의 意味 = 33
2. 修繕의 程度 = 34
3. 修繕費의 決定場所와 時期 = 35
4. 具體的인 修繕費의 內容 = 37
5. 愼重한 無保險船主 理論과 例外 = 39
第4章 船舶推定全損과 保險委付 = 47
第1節 保險委付의 意義 = 47
第2節 保險委付의 法的性質 = 48
第3節 保險委付의 成立要件 = 50
I. 委付通知의 時期 = 51
II. 委付通知方法 및 無條件的인 委付通知 = 51
III. 委付通知의 承認 = 52
IV. 委付通知가 必要없는 境遇 = 53
第4節 有效한 保險委付의 效果 = 54
I. 被保險者의 保險金請求權 = 55
II. 保險目的物上의 權利移轉 = 55
III. 運賃請求權 = 59
第5節 船舶推定全損과 保險委付의 關係 = 60
第5章 船舶推定全損 成立의 諸問題 = 63
第1節 "連續損害"(Successive Partial Losses) = 64
I. 問題의 提起 = 64
II. 約款의 改正 = 65
1. 多數說의 立場 = 65
2. 判例의 立場 = 66
3. 船舶保險約款의 改正 = 67
第2節 "將來"의 救助費 = 68
I. 問題의 提起 = 68
II. "將來"의 解釋對立 = 69
1. 保險者의 立場 - "委付通知 以後" = 69
2. 被保險者의 立場 - "事故發生 以後" = 70
III. 美國의 경우 = 72
IV. "將來"의 意味는 "事故日子 以後" = 74
V. "將來의 救助費"의 保險補償 = 75
1. 損害防止費用으로 補償의 原則 = 76
2. 救助失敗時 損害防止費用의 補償基準 = 80
3. 推定全損과 損害防止費用과의 關係 = 83
第6章 結論 = 85
參考文獻 = 88
ABSTRACT = 8
(A) Study on the Development of the Software of Ship Hull Stress Monitoring System
Get PDFIn the recent years, major ship registers have demanded improved safety on the hull stress of large bulk carriers which are on navigation or cargo handling in harbour.
Under these circumstances, a system that monitors hull stress and ship condition is becoming more and more important. If efficient and appropriate navigational information is given, safety of navigation would be greatly improved.
The major ship registers of the globe are investing a great effort on the development of a system that monitors the hull stress of ship. Using this system, information of hull stress and ship motion is given to the users and also the data is stored on the external data storage system simultaneously.
Through this study, a software that monitors hull stress was developed. Not only can randomized input-data of the standard hardwares be applied to the system, but also this system can be operated on and applied to real hardware systems.Abstract
제 1 장 서론 = 1
제 2 장 세계 주요 선급의 규칙상 기본요건 및 시스템의 구성 = 3
2.1 세계 주요 선급의 규칙상 기본요건 = 3
2.2 HSMS의 구성 = 8
제 3 장 계측 장치와 인터페이싱 = 10
3.1 계측 장치 = 10
3.1.1 LBSG(Long Based Strain Gauge) = 11
3.1.2 가속도계 및 압력계 = 12
3.2 인터페이스 시스템 = 12
제 4 장 소프트웨어 시스템 = 15
4.1 데이터 입력 및 분석알고리즘 = 15
4.2 프로그램 구현 = 24
제 5 장 결론 = 32
참고문헌 = 3
A Study on the Controller Design and Implementation of Intelligent Control System using Neural Network
Get PDFAn artificial neural network is an information-processing system that has certain performance characteristics in common with biological neural networks. Artificial neural networks have been developed as generalizations of mathematical models of human cognition or neural biology, based on the assumptions.
In this study, this system makes use of the analog sensor and converts the feature of fish outline when sensor is operating with CPU(80C196KC). Then, after signal processing, this feature is classified a special feature and a outline of fish by using the neural network, one of the artificial intelligence scheme. This neural network classifies fish pattern of very simple and short calculation. This has linear activation function and the errror back propagation is used as a learning algorithm. And the neural network is learned in off-line process. Because an adaptation period of neural network is too long when random initial weights are used, off-line learning is induced to decrease the progress time
An "Fillet machines" is a fillet extracting-tail cutting machine that is commonly used in the fish processing industry.
Millions of dollars worth of "pollack" are wasted annually due to inaccurate fillet cutting using these somewhat outdated machines. The main cause of wastage is the "over-feed problem". This occurs when a pollack is inaccurately positioned with point to the cutter blade so that the cutting location is into fillet of a pollack. An effort has been made to correct this situation by sensing the position of the fillet using sensors accordingly.
We confirmed this method has better performance than somewhat outdated machines.목차
Abstract = i
1. 서론 = 1
제2장 신경회로망 = 3
2.1 신경회로망 모델 = 4
2.2 다층 신경회로망의 구조와 학습 = 7
2.3 모멘텀 항 연산 = 12
3. 지능형 제어 시스템의 구성 = 14
3.1 센서회로부 = 14
3.2 마이크로 컨트롤러 시스템 = 15
3.3 DC 서보 모터 제어 = 16
4. 지능형 제어 시스템의 제어기 구현 및 실험 = 20
4.1 전체적인 시스템의 제어기 구현 및 패턴 분류 = 20
4.2 마이크로 컨트롤러를 사용한 모터 위치 제어 및 시퀀스 동작 = 27
4.3 실험 및 고찰 = 30
5. 결론 = 36
참고문헌 = 37
부록 = 3
Delay Shifts of Real-time Cycle-based Signal System Optimization on the Signalized Intersections
Get PDFToday the arterials play a key role in urban transportation. However, they experience a severe congestion with the upstream or downstream traffic on the signalized intersections regardless of the peak periods. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the real-time cycle-based traffic characteristics, analyze the real-time cycle-based delay and the existing hour-based delay shifts by the simulation delay model and finally suggest the necessity of the operation of the real-time cycle-based signalized intersections in urban area.
From the transportation system analyses, and the real-time cycle-based delay and the existing hour-based delay analyses by the simulation delay model on the signalized intersections, the following results were obtained:
ⅰ) Traffic flow did not show a distinct difference depending on the time periods. Rather, more traffic flows were concentrated on the signalized intersections in the non-peak periods when compared with the on-peak periods.
ⅱ) The delay shifts were also shown to be a big difference of 30% to 80% between the real-time cycle-based signal and the existing hour-based signal operations before and after optimization processes depending on the time periods.
ⅲ) The delay showed the maximum deviation of 20 percentage between the real-time cycle-based signal and the existing hour-based signal operations by the simulation process depending on the time periods.
ⅳ) The real-time cycle-based signal operation was shown to have a higher explanatory power than the existing hour-based signal operation through the simulation and optimization processes depending on the time periods.ABSTRACT = ⅰ
NOMENCLATURE = ⅵ
LIST OF FIGURES = ⅷ
LIST OF TABLES = ⅸ
1. 서론 = 1
1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 = 1
1.2 기존 연구 고찰 = 2
1.3 자료 수집 및 연구 방법 = 3
2. 교통체계분석 = 4
2.1 통행 체계 분석 = 4
2.2 도로 체계 분석 = 7
2.3 신호 체계 분석 = 8
2.4 교차로 서비스 수준 분석 = 9
2.5 교통량 흐름도 분석 = 13
3. 교차로 분석 = 14
3.1 3지(Three-leg) 교차로 분석 = 14
3.2 4지(Four-leg) 교차로 분석 = 22
4. 결론 및 향후 연구과제 = 30
참고문헌 = 3
Development of Design Method of Centrifugal Pump using Experimental Factor
Get PDFThis study is focused on the performance prediction and design of a centrifugal pump with optimum shape. Design and analysis of centrifugal pumps rely on experience of designer due to many fluid mechanical and geometrical variables. In this study, a design method was developed with experimental factors and analysed by comparison with 2nd-order vortex panel method. Impeller is the most important component affecting the performance of the centrifugal pump. The predicted total head for three cases, of which designs were determined by this method, agrees well with a particular commercial pump. This study shows that satisfactory performance of an optimal pump shape can be obtained through the automatic design routine.Abstract = 1
Nomenclature = 2
제1장 서론 = 5
제2장 본론 = 7
2.1 기본이론 및 펌프의 규격결정 = 7
2.1.1 기본이론 = 7
2.1.2 비속도의 계산 = 12
2.1.3 임펠러 출구측 규격의 결정 = 14
2.1.4 임펠러 입구측 규격의 결정 = 17
2.1.5 양정의 검토 = 19
2.1.6 벌루트 규격의 결정 = 22
2.2 펌프의 작도 = 25
2.2.1 1원호법에 의한 임펠러 작도 = 25
2.2.2 2원호에 의한 임펠러의 작도 = 27
2.2.3 슈라우드의 작도 = 29
2.2.4 벌루트 작도 = 31
2.2.5 슈라우드의 응력계산 = 33
2.3 수치해석 = 39
2.3.1 경계조건 = 41
2.3.2 상대접선속도 = 44
2.3.3 양정계산 = 45
제3장 계산결과 및 고찰 = 46
제4장 결론 = 68
참고문헌 = 69
감사의 글 = 7
(An) Experimental Study on Sea Water Freezing Behavior in a Cooled Circular Tube
Get PDFEveryone knows that water is the most important thing to make our living. However in Korea, many expert organizations have predicted that it will also become water deficiency in the near future.
As becoming generally known, the most effective method is to desalinize the sea water in order to obtain the fresh water. In this present, there are various methods for the desalination of sea water. But the most considerable point for adopting the desalination system is the production cost of fresh-water based on an energy source which should be obtained easily and cheaply. Recently in Korea, the demand of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), as a cheap and clean energy which does not cause an environmental problem, is greatly being increased. In general, we put this LNG in storage as a liquid state at below -162℃ in a tank. When the LNG transforms to the gaseous state at high pressure, it absorbs energy from a heat source. In this process, a large amount of cold energy is wasted. Therefore, we focused to make the desalination system by utilizing this wasted cold energy. In characteristic point of sea water, high concentration of aqueous solution becomes an eduction from frozen surface in case it frozen over. Therefore, it is possible to desalinize from sea water.
First of all, we have to reveal the freezing mechanism of sea water so as to make the desalination system. The goal of this study is to measure the freezing quantity and freezing rate, and to investigate the freezing heat-transfer characteristics in a Circular Tube. The experimental results will help to provide a general understanding of the sea water freezing behavior to reach completion of the desalination system in the future
Numerical Analysis of Wave Transformation of the Porous Breakwater Permitting Wave Overtopping
Get PDFAt past, ports have been mainly developed in natural harbors but nowadays ports are built wherever they can be economically justified. Therefore, construction of breakwater in areas that establishment of structure is disadvantageous is risen according to the change of conditions to the location for ports. In case of building gravity breakwater in such point, need that plane shape of more reasonable section permitting wave overtopping. One of the earliest methods for solving unsteady incompressible flow involving free surfaces is the MAC(Marker And Cell) method by Harlow and Welch(1965). Recently, VOF(Volume Of Fluid) method to improve several drawbacks of MAC method is suggested by Hirt and Nichols(1981) and utilized extensively in fields of hydrodynamics. This paper simulated wave overtopping phenomenon including wave breaking for permeable breakwater by numerical analysis and investigated features of wave overtopping behind structure using VOF method.목차
ABSTRACT = i
요약 = ii
목차 = iii
제1장 서론 = 1
1.1 본 연구의 배경 = 1
1.2 기존의 연구 = 1
1.3 본 연구의 목적 = 2
1.4 본 연구의 구성 = 2
제2장 수치해석의 이론적 배경 = 4
2.1 수치해석이론 = 4
2.1.1 기초방정식 = 4
2.1.2 체적공극율과 면적공극율의 정의 = 6
2.1.3 유체저항 = 8
(1) 관성력 = 8
(2) 항력 = 9
2.1.4 엇갈린 격자의 채용 = 11
2.1.5 기초방정식의 이산화 = 14
(1) 연속방정식의 이산화 = 14
(2) 운동방정식의 이산화 = 14
2.1.6 연속방정식에 의한 압력조정 = 20
2.2 VOF 함수의 수치계산 = 23
2.2.1 VOF 함수의 이류방정식의 이산화 = 23
2.2.2 VOF 함수에 의한 자유표면의 모델링 = 23
2.2.3 Donor-acceptor법을 이용한 VOF함수의 계산 = 26
2.3 경계조건 = 28
2.3.1 자유표면에서의 경계조건 = 28
(1) 유속경계조건 = 29
(2) 압력경계조건 = 30
2.3.2 개(開)경계조건 = 30
2.3.3 그 外의 경계조건 = 32
2.4 조파조건 = 32
2.5 안정조건 = 33
제3장 해석결과 = 35
3.1 수치모델링의 검증 = 35
3.1.1 조파파형검증 = 35
3.1.2 실험결과와의 파형비교 = 37
3.2 직사각형 투과성 방파제의 월파현상의 수치적 재현 = 40
3.2.1 유체입자속도장 = 40
3.2.2 공간파형의 검토 = 45
3.2.3 월파고의 비교 = 48
제4장 결론 = 49
= 5
(A) Legal Study on the U.N Collective Security System and the Peace Keeping Operation
Get PDFTwo ideological camps of the free and the communist world have retrained the 20th century, but the revolution - the unification of East and West German and the Collapse of USSR - which occurred in the end of 80's came out the watershed of the post-cold war era.
The political system in the name of cold war came down. Owing to a new composition times coming, the desire of world peace was the important interest with concrete plans which human begins want.
In the ravages of World War Ⅱ, people experienced many mottos of war, and these mottos was based on the birth of the United Nations as all-out security. But the complete control about the disputes surrounding nation, religion, territory, political power among nation was beyond it's capacity.
The United Nations was founded, in the words of its Charter, "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war." Meeting this challenge is the most important function of the Organization, and, to a very significant degree, it is the yardstick by which it is judged by the peoples it exists to serve. Over the last decade, the United Nations has repeatedly failed to meet the challengeit can only create the space in which peace may be built. Moreover, the changes that this paper recommends will have no lasting impact unless Member States summon the political will to support the United Nations politically, financially and operationally to enable the United Nations to be truly credible as a force for peace.
In other words, the key conditions for the success of future complex operations are political support, rapid deployment with a robust force posture and a sound peace-building strategy. Every recommendation in the present report is meant, in one way or another, to help ensure that these three conditions are met. The need for change has been rendered even more urgent by recent events in Sierra Leone and by the daunting prospect of expanded United Nations operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
These changes - while essential - will have no lasting impact unless the Member States of the Organization take seriously their responsibility to train and equip their own forces and to mandate and enable their collective instrument, so that together they may succeed in meeting threats to peace. They must summon the political will to support the United Nations politically, financially and operationally - once they have decided to act as the United Nations - if the Organization is to be credible as a force for peace.
In the paper, the author has addressed itself to many compelling needs for change within the United Nations system. The author's views its recommendations as the minimum threshold of change needed to give the United Nations system the opportunity to be an effective, operational, twenty-first century institution.
The Department of Peacekeeping Operations would be substantially reinforced and restructured, while other departments supporting peace operations would also be strengthened. In addition, Establishment of the Executive Committee on Peace and Security Information and Strategic Analysis Secretariat, Strengthening of the Electoral Assistance Division of the Department of Political Affairs and of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to strengthen the ability of the Office to implement tasks.
The Object of this work shall be to make analysis the United Nations, a device in order to solve world peace problems and peace-keeping operations, and this report shall investigate the actual condition of peace-keeping operations with powerful countries as the central figure and consider the Korean counterplans about the participation problem in international peace-keeping operations.
That is, I shall examine into the peace-keeping operations of UN. but in order to construct of new world order, the post-cold war era and composition, the peace-keeping operations of UN must be opened to various fields at the hands of military action in past, and take into account the formation of new world order which we will seek.
I believe that this recommendations fall well within the bounds of what can be reasonably demanded of the Organization's Member States.
Implementing some of them will require additional resources for the Organization, but I do not mean to suggest that the best way to solve the problems of the United Nations is merely to throw additional resources at them. Indeed, no amount of money or resources can substitute for the significant changes that are urgently needed in the culture of the Organization.
While building consensus for the recommendations in the present report, we have also come to a shared vision of a United Nations, extending a strong helping hand to a community, country or region to avert conflict or to end violence.and it can do no better today. Without significant institutional change, increased financial support, and renewed commitment on the part of Member States, the United Nations will not be capable of executing the critical peacekeeping and peace-building tasks that the Member States assign it in coming months and years. There are many tasks which the United Nations peacekeeping forces should not be asked to undertake, and many places they should not go. But when the United Nations does send its forces to uphold the peace, they must be prepared to confront the lingering forces of war and violence with the ability and determination to defeat them.
For preventive initiatives to succeed in reducing tension and averting conflict, the Secretary-General needs clear, Strong and sustained political support from Member States. Furthermore, as the UN has bitterly and repeatly discovered over the last decade, no amount of good intentions can substitute for the fundamental ability to project credible force if complex peacekeeping, in particular, is to succeed. But force alone cannot create peace.第 1 章 序論 = 1
第1節 硏究目的 = 1
第2節 硏究範圍 및 方法 = 4
第 2 章 유엔의 集團安全保障 體制 = 4
第1節 유엔과 集團的 安全保障 = 6
1. 유엔의 創設과 目的 = 6
2. 集團的 安全保障의 槪念 = 8
3. 憲章上의 集團的 安全保障 性格 = 10
第2節 國際 紛爭의 解決 = 11
1. 紛爭解決에 관한 憲章上의 規定 = 11
2. 平和的 解決方法 = 14
(1) 紛爭의 非司法的 解決 = 14
(2) 사법적 해결 = 18
(3) 국제기구에 의한 해결 = 22
3. 유엔에 의한 制裁措置 = 26
(1) 안전보장이사회 = 26
(2) 총회의 조치 = 28
第3節 유엔의 集團的 安全保障의 失敗原因 = 29
1. 特別協定에 관한 交涉失敗 = 29
2. 安全保障理事會의 平和維持 機能 痲痺 = 30
(1) 拒否權 制度 = 30
(2) 평화를 위한 단결결의 = 30
第 3 章 유엔의 平和維持活動 = 32
第1節 平和維持活動의 意義 = 33
1. 평화유지활동의 誕生 背景 = 33
2. 平和維持活動의 定義 및 機能 = 34
(1) 평화유지활동의 定義 = 34
(2) 平和維持活動의 機能 = 36
3. 평화유지활동의 一般的 特性 = 37
第2節 PKO의 變遷過程 = 41
1. PKO 設置 現況 = 41
2. 平和維持活動의 變化 = 42
(1) 제 1세대 平和維持活動 = 42
(2) 제 2세대의 平和維持活動 = 44
(3) 제3세대 平和維持活動 = 45
第 4 章 평화유지활동의 事例 分析 = 50
第1節 成功한 평화유지활동 事例 = 50
1. 제 1차 유엔 비상군 (UNEFⅠ: UN Emergency ForceⅠ) = 50
2. 유엔 사이프러스 평화유지군(UN Peacekeeping Force In Cyprus) = 52
3. 유엔 나미비아 독립지원단 (UN TAG UN Transition Assistance Group In Namibia) = 53
4. 캄보디아 과도 행정 기구 (UNTAC : UN Transition Authority In Combodia) = 55
第2節 失敗한 平和維持活動 事例 = 56
1. 콩고유엔군 (ONUCUN Interim Force In Lebanon) = 58
3. 유엔 보호군 (UNPROFOR : UN Protection Force) = 59
4. 소말리아 유엔작전 (UNOSOM: UN Operation in Somalia) = 61
5. 시에라리온 평화협정이행감시단(United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone:UNAMSIL) = 63
第3節 코소보 事態 = 65
1. 코소보 事態의 原因 = 65
2. NATO軍의 유고공습 = 67
3. 코소보 平和案 採擇 過程 = 69
4. 코소보 사태에서 나타난 국제법상 문제점 = 71
(1) 나토攻襲의 正當性 問題 = 71
(2) 國際人道法을 違反한 不法行爲 = 78
(3) 민간주민에 대한 비인도적 행위 = 81
(4) 戰犯裁判 = 85
第4節 동티모르 事態 = 90
1. 東티모르 槪觀 = 90
2. 紛爭의 特徵 : 原因과 性格 = 91
3. 紛爭의 展開 過程 = 92
第 5 章 平和維持活動의 問題點과 向後展望 = 98
第1節 平和維持活動의 問題點 = 98
1. PKO 基本原則의 再檢討 = 99
2. 평화유지활동의 法的 根據 問題 = 101
3. 人權侵害 問題 = 101
4. PKO 運用制度 및 節次上의 問題點 = 103
(1) 재정문제 조달 및 예산지원의 문제 = 103
(2) 군수지원의 문제 = 105
(3) 지휘 통제의 문제 = 106
第2節 平和維持活動의 向後 展望 = 108
1. 유엔의 機能强化 = 108
2. 人權尊重을 위한 國內問題 干涉 = 109
3. 유엔 常備體制 (Standby Arrangement)推進 = 111
第 6 章 헌장 개정 등을 통한 平和維持活動의 强化 = 113
第1節 안전보장이사회의 효율성 증진 및 의결의 적법성 확보 = 113
1. 안보리 이사국 의석수의 확대문제 = 115
2. 안보리 상임이사？뮌？ 개편 = 117
3. 안보리 구조 개혁의 현실적 보완책 및 그 비판 = 118
4. 거부권제도의 개혁 = 120
(1) 거부권제도의 성립 = 120
(2) 거부권의 濫用 = 121
5. 거부권제도 改革의 현실적 보완책 = 123
(1) 逆拒否權의 問題 = 124
(2) 역거부권의 보완책 : 약정적 표결방식의 채택 = 125
6. 안전보장이사회 의결의 사법심사를 통한 적법성 확보 = 126
(1) UN헌장 및 국제사법재판소 규정 = 127
(2) 학설 = 128
(3) ICJ의 입장 = 128
第2節 事務總長 및 事務局의 役割 强化 = 133
第3節 유엔傘下機關과 地域機構間의 協力 = 136
1. 유엔내에서의 협조 = 136
2. 지역기구의 역할강화 = 137
3. 유럽안보협력기구(OSCE) = 138
第4節 안보리와 총회의 새로운 關係 定立 = 141
第5節 財政確保를 위한 制度摸索 = 146
第6節 平和維持活動의 原則遵守 = 148
第7節 國際司法制度의 活用 = 149
第 7 章 結論 = 153UN Operation In The Congo) = 56
2. 유엔 레바논 잠정군 (UNIFI