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Access control in IOT: a comprehensive survey of challenges, approaches, and future directions
No full textThis paper explores the transformative impact of the IoT on device connectivity, emphasizing the critical role of Access Control (AC) in securing IoT and ensuring appropriate resource access. The study conducts a comprehensive survey, addressing challenges, requirements, and approaches in designing effective IoT AC, considering device diversity, resource constraints, and energy consumption complexities. The adaptation of traditional AC methods for IoT is examined, highlighting complications arising from device heterogeneity and advocating for suitable AC solutions aligned with global IoT policies. The focus shifts to two emerging technologies, Blockchain (BC) and Machine Learning (ML), as potential solutions for IoT AC challenges. BC’s decentralization, security, and transparency are explored, emphasizing their role in mitigating AC issues. ML techniques are investigated for real-time identification of suspicious activities, enhancing the adaptability of AC mechanisms. Integrating BC and ML in IoT AC is a key research question, with insights suggesting enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency. The survey employs a systematic review approach, utilizing NVIVO software and the CASP tool for data coding to ensure the validity of the information. The conclusion summarizes key findings, addressing how BC and ML can mitigate AC challenges in IoT. BC’s decentralized and tamper-resistant nature and ML’s dynamic learning capabilities contribute to enhanced security. Alternative technologies for IoT AC are explored, including smart contracts, attribute-based AC, and certificate-based schemes. The integration of BC and ML is identified as a means to deliver trusted IoT services, achieve fine-grained AC, and enable efficient data transfer methods
Gondwana sedimentary rocks of Andigama Basin, Sri Lanka: unraveling weathering dynamics, tectonic setting, and paleoclimate
No full textThe Andigama Basin is a pre-rift Gondwana sedimentary basin containing Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous calcareous
sandstones and carbonaceous shales of varying thickness. This study aims to reconstruct the weathering, tectonic setting, and
paleoenvironment of East Gondwanaland using a 90 m deep drill core. Whole-rock geochemistry and elemental analysis were
carried out using X-ray fuorescence spectrometry and CHNS/O elemental analyzer, respectively. Lithological changes in
the borehole core refect diverse hydrodynamic conditions. X-ray difraction patterns indicate a signifcantly high content of
quartz and kaolinite peaks. Scanning electron microscope images suggest that quartz, carbonate, and aluminosilicate dominant
detrital particles and chemical residues enhanced the cementation by reducing the porosity and permeability of sealing
interfaces. Major oxide and trace element concentrations are approximately similar to the Upper Continental Crust values.
High Chemical Index of Alteration, Plagioclase Index of Alteration, Index of Compositional Variability, and high content
of kaolinite peaks refect intense chemical weathering, suggesting a hot and humid climate during the Late Jurassic–Early
Cretaceous periods. The calculated paleo-land surface temperature (24.7±5 °C) and mean annual precipitation (1120 mm)
values are also consistent with the interpretation of weathering indices and global oxygen isotopic studies. Provenance and
tectonic setting discrimination diagrams suggest the deposition of quartzose and mafc igneous sources under the passive
margin stage. In addition, elemental analysis indicates a nutrient-rich (average total organic carbon=4.67±1.04 wt. %
and total nitrogen=3.13±3.39 wt. %) and oxic to oxygen-poor reducing (average total sulfur=2.13±1.43 wt. %) swamp
environment. Consequently, the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous climate was simulated as a prominent deglaciation/hot
and humid climate in the Gondwana supercontinent, based on calculated paleo-land surface temperatures and mean annual
precipitation
Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase 1 gene based genetic diversity analysis in ring-necked Korean Pheasant in Pakistan
Get PDFThe Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a large, chicken-like bird native to North America
and Asia, recognizable by its long, pointed tail, and small head with long neck. An important game bird
in North America, it consumes a variety of foods including seeds, grains, grasses, leaves, roots, fruits,
nuts, and insects. Recognizing the importance of the Ring-necked Pheasant, a genetic diversity analysis
was conducted in Pakistan using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) technique. Thirty
different samples were collected, and after DNA extraction, quantification, primers optimization, and
PCR, the sequences were aligned with reported sequences on NCBI. A phylogenetic tree was
constructed using MEGA6 software, and the DNA barcode for the species was identified. The study
provided insights into the genetic structure and phylogeny of the species. These unique COI sequences
offer a reliable method for the quick identification of Ring-necked Pheasant, aiding in the prevention of
illegal poaching and supporting conservation management efforts
Harnessing diversity for resilience: the role of inclusive hr strategies in building strong organizational cultures
Get PDFPurpose: To achieve a clearer understanding of the link between diversity and
organizational resilience response, this study will focus on how firms can become
resilient through appropriate inclusive HRM practices. Such a statement supports
diversity and inclusion as interviewing imperatives to develop an organizational
culture that fits the modern competitive and volatile global environment effectively.
Design/methodology/approach: The paper looks at the benefits of diversityinfluenced SHRM practices by exploring diverse staffing, training, and appraisal
techniques through case studies and literature reviews. With regards to the topic, it
considers ways in which general inclusive human resource management practice
fosters psychological safety, supports organizational employee engagement power,
and overall organizational resilience.
Findings: The performance of the employees is enhanced, and a culture of
psychological safety is created by offering the workers management support policies
during periods of transition and crises. Due to reasonable diversity cases, an
organization may come across; firms with factors of diversity and inclusion can adapt,
innovate, and redress thus leading to sustainable existence and enhanced competitive
advantage.
Practical implications: This ease makes this study beneficial to corporate and HR
leaders who want to implement the desired resilience-enhancing diversity and
inclusion strategies. It is possible that organizations develop a more flexible pool of
employees willing and capable of handling pressure conditions and sustaining relevant
competitive advantages when providing priorities to the various forms of hiring and
inclusiveness.
Originality value: Therefore, the research contributes to the existing understanding
of organizational resilience recognizing the importance of HR inclusiveness and
diversity. It offers a unique perspective on an organization’s need for diversity
management for corporate power and the global competitive market and adjustment
The impact of digital marketing practices on consumer behavior with the mediating role of consumer trust in Sri Lanka mobile phone industry
Get PDFPurpose: This research investigates how digital marketing influences consumer
behaviour in Sri Lanka’s mobile phone industry, focusing on the role of trust as a
mediator between digital marketing practices and consumer responses. The study aims
to offer insights into the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in shaping
consumer decisions in Sri Lanka.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A descriptive research design was employed, using
a sample of 300 respondents selected via stratified random sampling from all nine
provinces in Sri Lanka. Data was collected through surveys, and statistical analysis
was conducted using SPSS software. The study tested hypotheses regarding the
positive effects of digital marketing on consumer behaviour and the mediating role of
trust. A conceptual framework was developed to examine the relationships between
digital marketing, trust, and consumer behaviour.
Findings: The research reveals that digital marketing significantly impacts consumer
behaviour. Among various channels, email marketing had the strongest influence on
consumer behaviour, primarily through trust-building. Social media, mobile
marketing, and website marketing also positively affected consumer behaviour, with
trust playing a partial mediating role. These findings underscore the importance of
trust in shaping how consumers respond to digital marketing.
Practical Implications: The study provides valuable guidance for mobile phone
companies in Sri Lanka. By prioritizing trust-building strategies, such as transparent
communication and consistency across digital platforms, companies can enhance
consumer engagement and loyalty. The research also highlights which digital
marketing practices particularly email and social media are most effective in
influencing consumer decisions. This can help businesses optimize their marketing
efforts, improve targeting, and make informed decisions about resource allocation.
Originality/Value: This research contributes to the understanding of digital
marketing’s influence on consumer behaviour in Sri Lanka. It also highlights the
critical, yet often overlooked, role of trust as a mediator in the digital marketingconsumer behaviour relationship. These insights are valuable for both academics and
practitioners to refine digital marketing strategies in Sri Lanka and similar markets
Impact of harvesting dates on seed germination in the at-362 rice variety
Get PDFRice variety, AT-362 is one of the popular commercial cultivars in the
Ampara district of Sri Lanka due to its increased yield potentials and
drought-resistant traits. However, the seed germination percentage is
relatively lower compared to its counterpart commercial elites. Therefore,
investigating the harvesting dates of the previous cropping cycle may be an
integral for improving seed germination in the subsequent farming. The
objective of this investigation was to identify how the harvesting dates
influence the seed germination of AT-362 rice variety. Six different dates
were used for treatment, commencing from seeds after the 50% heading
stage, and harvested rice at 20 days (T1), 25 days (T2), 30 days (T3), 35 days
(T4, control treatment), 40 days (T5), and 45 days (T6) were used. The
treatments were arranged in field plots with an RCBD design supplemented
with three replications (3m × 6m each plot). The direct broadcasting method
was applied, with each plot receiving 225g of paddy seeds. Subsequently,
after booting stages, panicles were harvested in each plot, and the seeds were
dried using sunlight to achieve a moisture content of 13%. Thereafter, seed
germination and viability tests were performed. Our results indicated a
highly significant difference between rice harvest dates and germination
parameters (P < 0.01) among the treatments. Increased germination rates of
seeds (>85%) were recorded for the paddy seeds harvested between 30-40
days compared to the other tested dates. Therefore, according to the findings,
30-40 days after the booting stage is ideal to maintain optimum seed
germination percentages
Evaluation of root and shoots performance of f3 progeny lines of four- rice crosses under iron toxicity conditions
Get PDFIron toxicity plays a crucial role in determining rice yield, particularly in the
wet zone (WZ) of Sri Lanka. This scenario causes a substantial impact on
above-ground biomass, limits grain yield, and leads to poor root growth of
rice. Therefore, identifying iron toxicity-resistant varieties is essential for
sustaining rice production. The objectives of this research were to determine
the F3 progeny lines derived from four rice crosses. To evaluate the root and
shoot performance of F3 progeny lines derived from four rice crosses under
iron toxicity conditions to identify variations in root morphology and growth
patterns. Four rice crosses and their parents were tested in Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 02 blocks. Data were analysis, using
ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test was derived from SAS statistical
software. Cross 2 showed better performance for plant height ( 127.95cm)
and culm height (100.33), flag leaf length (30.71cm) and width (1.1cm) ,
number of tillers ( 8.88/plant), number of effective tillers (7.09/plant),
Number of unproductive tillers ( 0.83), root volume ( 72.73cm3
), root length
(22.90cm), root width (6.55cm), number of roots ( 115.4/plant), root dry
weight (24.76g/plant), panicle length (23.49cm), number (7.09), weight
(7.10g/panicle), seeds (124.92) showed better mean performance. All the
crosses recorded positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis for important yield
related characteristics and morphological characteristics. Among the four
crosses, cross 2 and cross 3 showed better growth and yield performance
when compared with their respective parental lines. Therefore Ld20-14-
12/Ld20-15-14 and Ld20-11-03/Ld21-06-18-12 have the potential to
develop rice lines with better root structure in the future rice breeding
programs
Concentration of Algal Toxins in Drinking Water in Irakkamam DS Division of Ampara, Sri Lanka where Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology (CKDu)is Prevalent
No full textChronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) and CKDu related deaths have risen
exponentially in Dehiattakandiya, Padiyathalawa and Mahaoya District Secretariat Divisions
(DSD) in Ampara District in the Eastern province. An increasing number of CKDu cases were
recently reported from Irakkamam DSD in Ampara District. Even though Irakkamam DSD is not
identified as a high-risk DSD for CKDu, there has been an increasing trend of CKDu recently as
per the preliminary surveys conducted. No studies have been reported from Irakkamam DSD
to find out the influencing factor associated with CKDu. Algal toxins play an important role
among the suspected contributing factors to CKDu. Therefore, the present study aimed to
analyse the concentration of algal toxins in drinking water to find out the association with the
occurrence of CKDu. Ten different geographical locations were selected to collect water
samples from various water sources including dug wells, tube wells, canals, reservoirs, and
water supply from the national water board in Irakkamam DSD in April 2022 during the dry
season to determine the concentrations of algal toxin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) method was used todetermine the algal toxins of Cylindrospermopsin and Microcystin.
The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Algal toxin was only found in one
certain point of the reservoirarea out of the ten locations sampled. Further, the concentration
of Microcystin was detected as 1.576±0.06 µg/L in that location, which did not exceed the
standard level of 2.0 µg/L (SLS 614:2013). Moreover, Cylindrospermopsin was not detected in
drinking water samples analysed. Further, serum creatinine levels of the CKDu patients were
non-significantly (p >0.05) correlatedwith the concentration of algal toxins. So, algal toxin is not
a significant key determinant related to CKDu in Irakkamam DSD. Therefore, to identify a
potential etiological causing factor for theCKDu in Irakkamam DSD, other hypotheses should be
developed
திருவாசகம் வெளிப்படுத்தும் திருத்தலங்களும் தற்காலத்தில் அவற்றின் வளர்ச்சி நிலைகளும் : ஓர் ஆய்வு
No full textநாயன்மார்களால் பாடப்பட்ட திருமுறைகளில் கூறப்படும் தலங்களே
திருமுறைத்தலங்களாகும். அந்தவகையில் திருமுறைகள் என்பது தெய்வத்தன்மை
பொருந்திய முறையாகத் தொகுக்கப்பட்ட பாடல் தொகுப்பாக அமைகின்றது. சங்க
மருவிய காலத்தில் களப்பிரர் ஆட்சியினில் அவைதிக நெறியின் வளர்ச்சியினால்
வைதிக நெறியானது செல்வாக்குக் குன்றிய நிலையில் காணப்பட்ட வேளையில்
வைதிக நெறியினை வளர்ச்சியடையச் செய்வதற்காகவும் துறவற தர்மத்திற்கு எதிரான
கருத்துக்களை முன்வைக்கவும் இல்லறத்தின் மேன்மையை வலியுறுத்தவும் இறைவனது
புகழினைப் போற்றிப் பாடுவதற்காகவும் பக்திப்பனுவல்களை நாயன்மார்களும்
ஆழ்வார்களும் தோற்றுவித்தனர். இவையே திருமுறைகளாக பிற்பட்ட காலத்தினில்
தொகுக்கப்பட்டது. நாயன்மார்களுள் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க சிறப்புடையவராக
மாணிக்கவாசகரும் திகழ்கின்றார். திருவாதவூரர் எனும் இயற்பெயர் கொண்ட
மாணிக்கவாசகரால் பாடப்பெற்றது திருவாசகமாகும். திருவாசகம் என்ற பெயர்
திருவுடைய சொற்களாலான அருள் நூல் எனப்பொருள்படும். சொல்லழகு, பொருள்
அழகு ஆகிய இரண்டும் திருவாசகத்தில் காணப்படுகிறது. பழம்பெரும் காலங்களில்
தலங்கள் பலவற்றிற்கு சென்று அங்குள்ள இறைவனை புகழ்ந்து பாடிய காலமானது
சிறப்புமிக்கது. திருத்தல மகிமையும் அங்கு எழுந்தருளியிருக்கும் இறைவனது
சிறப்புக்களையும் திருவாசகத்தில் காணலாம். திருவாசகத்தில் இறைவனது
சிறப்புக்களை வெளிப்படுத்துவதற்காக அவர் உறைகின்ற தலங்களின் மகிமையை
மிகையாக கூறுகின்றமை ஆய்வின் கருதுகோளாக அமைகின்றது. திருவாசகத்தில்
கூறப்பட்ட திருத்தலங்கள் தற்காலத்தில் எப்படியான வளர்ச்சி நிலையிலுள்ளன?
அத்துடன் அவ் ஆலயங்களின் சிறப்பு குறித்து மக்களின் எண்ணம் போன்றன
ஆய்வுப்பிரச்சினையாக உள்ளது. திருமுறைத்தலங்கள் பற்றி பல்வேறு ஆய்வுகள்
மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்ட போதிலும் திருவாசகத்தில் தற்கால வளர்ச்சி நிலை குறித்த
எந்தவொரு தனியான ஆய்வும் மேற்கொள்ளப்படவில்லை. இதனை ஆய்வு
இடைவெளியாக கருதி இவ்வாய்வு மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டுள்ளது. இதன் பிரதான
நோக்கமாக மாணிக்கவாசகரால் திருவாசகத்தில் சுட்டப்படுகின்ற திருத்தலங்களை
அடையாளப்படுத்தல். மேலும் துணை நோக்கங்களாக அவ் ஆலயங்களின் தற்கால
வளர்ச்சி நிலையினை எடுத்துரைத்தல், அத்துடன் திருத்தல சிறப்பு மற்றும்
மேன்மையை எவ்வாறு அவரது நூலில் வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார் என்பதனை
தெரியப்படுத்தல். இதன் மூலமாக தற்காலத்தில் தல வழிபாட்டை மக்களுக்கு
வலியுறுத்துவதாகவும் இவ்வாய்வு மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டுள்ளது. இவ்வாய்விற்காக முதலாம்
நிலைத்தரவுகள் மற்றும் இரணடாம் நிலைத்தரவுகள் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. முதலாம்
நிலைத்தரவாக மாணிக்கவாசகரால் எழுதப்பட்ட திருவாசகத்தின் மூலநூல்
காணப்படுகின்றது. இரண்டாம் நிலைத்தரவுகளாக திருவாசகம் மற்றும் திருத்தலங்கள்
தொடர்பாக வெளிவந்த சஞ்சிகைகள், கட்டுரைகள் ஏனைய நூல்கள், இணைய
செய்திகள் மற்றும் காணொளிகள் போன்றனவும் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. பன்னிரு
திருமுறைகளில் மாணிக்கவாசகரால் எழுதப்பட்டு எட்டாம் திருமுறையாக அமைந்துள்ள
திருவாசகம் ஆய்வு எல்லையாக பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. இவ்வாய்வானது பண்புசார்
ஆய்வாகவும் வரலாற்று ஆய்வாகவும் காணப்படுகிறது. பண்புசார் ஆய்வு
எனக்கொள்கையில் திருவாசகத்தில் காணப்படுகின்ற திருத்தலங்களையும் அவற்றின்
தற்கால வளர்ச்சி நிலை பற்றியும் ஆராய்கிறது. மாணிக்கவாசகரால் இயற்றப்பட்ட
திருவாசகம் தோற்றம் பெற்ற காலப்பின்னணியில் திருத்தலங்கள் பற்றியும் அவற்றின்
வரலாறு குறித்தும் ஆராய்வதால் வரலாற்றியல் ஆய்வு முறையியல்
பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. திருக்கோயில்களை வழிபடுவதன் மூலம் மக்கள்
அருட்செல்வம், பொருட்செல்வம் பெற்று பெரு வாழ்வு வாழ்கின்றனர். ஆலயங்கள்
மூலமாக கலை, கலாசார, பண்பாடுகள் வளர்க்கப்படுகின்றன. சமய நெறிகள், ஆன்மிக
சிந்தனைகள் மக்களுக்கு உணர்த்தப்பட்டு வளர்க்கப்படுகின்றன. அதனடிப்படையில் மாணிக்கவாசகரது திருவாசகம் வெளிப்படுத்தும் திருத்தலங்களும் தற்காலத்தில்
அவற்றின் வளர்ச்சி நிலைகள் குறித்து இவ்வாய்வானது ஆராய்கின்றத
Assessment of soil fertility and nutrient management in betel (Piper Betle) cultivations in the Kurunagala district
Get PDFBetel plant (Piper betle) leaves, harvested at
frequent intervals, result in the permanent
depletion of soil nutrients. Farmers often
complain that the amount of fertilizer
recommended by the Department of Export
Agriculture (DEA) is insufficient and there is a
tendency to overuse fertilizers. The study aimed to
assess the variability of soil fertility in betel
cultivations in the Kurunagala district. It
investigated the relationship between fertilizer
amounts and betel yield, along with relationship
of farm scale on soil fertility characteristics.
Thirty farmer fields were surveyed, measuring soil
fertility traits such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium, and soil pH. Of the selected fields,
84% betel poles were cultivated between 2 to 3
years, while 16% were less than 2 years old. The
survey found that 61% of farmers used cow dung
and 39% used green manure as organic fertilizer.
Harvesting was done every three weeks by 68% of
farmers and every two weeks by 32%. Chemical
fertilizers applied, biweekly by 72%, while the
remaining 28% did so every three weeks. All
farmers surveyed the used bed method and the
same chemical fertilizers mixture. The soil
analysis revealed that Wariyapola had the higher
nitrogen (2.48±0.8 mg/g), Phosphorus (0.13±0.01
mg/g), Potassium (0.06±0.01 mg/g) and soil pH
(5.63) values than Panduwasnuwara and
Bingiriya areas. There is a negative relationship
between amount of fertilizer applied and yield, but
the ratio of leaf length to leaf width had a positive
relationship. However, none of these differences
or relationship between farm scale and soil
fertility traits were statistically significant. The
results indicate that over-dosing with fertilizer
has no significant impact on betel yield
improvement, besides excessive use of chemical
fertilizers may increase cost and leads to nutrient
loss by leaching, runoff, and evaporation