Estonian University of Life Sciences

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    Analysis of the Swedish pulpwood market and its impact on the Estonian pulpwood market

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    Magistritöö Metsatööstuse õppekavalUurimuses analüüsiti Rootsi paberipuidu turgu ja selle mõju Eesti paberipuidu turule. Kirjanduse analüüsis vaadeldi Rootsi metsanduse mastaape ja seda, kuidas ajaloolised arengud on mõjutanud paberipuidu turgu. Kes on suuremad metsamaa omanikud ja turuosalised Rootsis ning millised Rootsi metsandusega ja säästliku metsamajandamise seotud seadusandlused on paberipuidu turule mõju avaldanud. Kahe riigi vahelisi paberipuidu hindade seoseid uuriti „Ühe hinna seaduse“ alusel. See ütleb, et samas vääringus väljendatud pikaajalised turutasakaalu hinnad on igas piirkonnas samad või erinevad vaid nende piirkondade vaheliste transpordikulude võrra. Uuring hõlmab ajavahemikku 2008–2023. Andmed on kogutud kvartaalsete hindadena. Analüüsiks kasutati vektor-autoregressiivset mudelit (VAR), mis võimaldab analüüsida mitut aegrida samaaegselt, võttes arvesse iga aegrea sõltuvust nii enda kui ka teiste aegridade minevikust. Uurimuses leiti, et Eesti ja Rootsi paberipuidu hindadel on seos, kuid „Ühe hinna seaduse“ toimimist kinnitada ei saa. Eesti ja Rootsi paberipuidu turud on üksteisest mõjutatud, kuid suuremat mõju paberipuidu hindade avaldab Eesti.The study analyses the Swedish pulpwood market and its impact on the Estonian pulpwood market. The literature review examines the scale of the Swedish forestry industry and how historical developments have influenced the market for pulpwood. It defines the major forest owners and market players in Sweden, and discusses the legislation related to Swedish forestry and sustainable forest management that has influenced the pulpwood market. The relationship between pulpwood prices between the two countries was investigated based on the "Law of One Price". This states that the longterm market equilibrium prices, expressed in the same currency, are the same in each region or differ only by the transport costs between these regions. The study covers the period from 2008 to 2023, with data collected in quarterly prices. A vector autoregressive model (VAR) was used for the analysis, allowing for the simultaneous analysis of several time series, considering the dependence of each time series on its own past as well as on the past of other time series. The study found a correlation between Estonian and Swedish pulpwood prices, but the " Law of One Price " could not be confirmed. The Estonian and Swedish markets for pulpwood influence each other, but Estonia has a greater influence on pulpwood prices

    Changes in urban nature in context of urban development by example of Tallinn

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    Magistritöö Maastikuahritektuuri õppekavalBioloogiliste koosluste ühetaoliseks muutumine, lindude, putukate jt organismirühmade arvukuse langemine, kliimamuutustest tuleneva äärmuslike ilmaoludega hakkama saamine ning inimese tervis ja heaolu on väljakutsed, mis linnades on tõusnud fookusesse. Sellest ajendatuna oli käesoleva töö eesmärk kohandada linnaliste biotoopide klassifikatsiooni Tallinna linnale ja uurida linnalooduse muutuseid ajas linnaarengu seisukohalt. Linnaliste biotoopide klassifikatsioon kohandati kolme Tallinna linna projektala näitel. Need alad valiti viimase kümne aasta suurima maakasutuse muutuste tõttu, et uurida neis toimuvaid muutuseid täpsemalt selles ajaraamistikus. Võrreldi nii linnaliste biotoopide muutust kui ka biotoopide sees toimunud muutuseid taimestiku erinevates rinnetes – rohttaimestikus, põõsastes ja puudes. Kaardistamise tulemused näitasid, et rohttaimestiku ja puittaimestikuga jäätmaa biotoobid, kui ca 30 aastaga kujunenud ökosüsteemid, asenduvad hoonete, teede ja intensiivselt hooldatud haljasaladega. Linnaliste biotoopide sees üksikpuude osakaal nii uuselamupiirkonnas, kui ka vanade 2-3-korruseliste elamute piirkonnas suurenes, kuid puuderead olid üldises vähenemistendentsis. Põõsaste osakaal oli suhteliselt olematu ja muutust neis ka ei esinenud. Rohttaimestiku alad olid küll suurenemises, kuid nende kvaliteet lisandunud hoolduse tõttu oli langenud. Töö tulemusest järeldus, et linnaliste biotoopide kaardistamine on hea meetod elurikkuse tähtsuse tõstmisel võrdsele kohale ehitatava keskkonnaga linnaplaneerimises. Kaardistussüsteem võimaldab luua ühtse andmebaasi samaaegseks kasutamiseks erinevatele spetsialistidele keskkonnaeesmärkide saavutamiseks ja inimese heaolu tagamiseks, seega tuleb süsteemi edasi arendada ja täiustada.In cities, many challenges have emerged, such as the homogenization of biological communities, the decline in the abundance of birds, insects, and other classes, the impact of climate change-induced extreme weather conditions, and the health and welfare of the urban population. Thus, the current thesis aims to adapt the urban biotope classification to Tallinn and investigate the changes in urban nature over time from the perspective of city planning. The urban biotope classification was adapted to three project areas in Tallinn. To investigate the changes occurring in the project areas on a 10-year scale, the areas of highest land use change within the city borders during the past 10 years were selected. During the study, the changes in the urban biotopes and the changes in the vegetation stratification (herbaceous plants, shrub, and tree layer) within those biotopes were compared. The mapping results indicate that the biotopes of wastelands with herbaceous vegetation and trees, as ecosystems that have developed over 30 years, are replaced by buildings, roads, and intensively managed urban green space. The number of single trees in urban biotopes has increased in both new residential areas and older districts with 2- to 3-story buildings. At the same time, coverage by tree rows generally decreased. The proportion of shrub layers has remained at the same extremely low level. The herbaceous layers have increased a little in size, but their quality has decreased due to intensive management. The results indicated the usefulness of urban biotope classification as a tool to increase biodiversity's importance to the same level as the built grey environment in city planning. The mapping system would enable the creation of a database that could be accessed simultaneously by various specialists to achieve environmental goals and assure human well-being. Thus, the system requires further development and refinement

    Volume productivity in spruce-birch mixed forest and monocultures

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    Bakalaureusetöö Metsanduse õppekavalViimaste aastakümnete jooksul on atmosfääris kasvuhoonegaaside, eelkõige CO2 osakaal oluliselt tõusnud, mille tagajärjel on kliimamuutuste tulemusena keskkonnaseisund halvenenud. Kliimamuutuste leevendamiseks on oluline vähendada fossiilse süsiniku emissioonide osakaalu ning suurendada taastuvate materjalide (nt puit) kasutamist ning samuti suurendada metsade süsiniku sidumisvõimet. Puhtpuistute asendamine segametsadega on üks võimalik meetod tõstmaks metsaökosüsteemide vastupanu võimet kliimamuutustele, kuid seni on vähe uuringuid, mis võrdlevad istutatud puht- ja segapuistute produktiivsust ja mõju mullaomadustele. Bakalureusetöö eesmärgiks oli hinnata hariliku kuuse ja arukase puhtpuistute ning kuuse-kase segametsa mõju produktiivsusele ja mulla keemilistele omadustele ca 20 aasta vanustes istutatud puistutes. Välitööde käigus mõõdeti kõigilt kolmelt puistutüübilt kümne proovitüki puude kasvuandmed ehk rinnasdiameeter ja kõrgus ning koguti mullaproovid pH, süsiniku (C), lämmastiku (N), fosfori (P) ja kaaliumi (K) määramiseks. Kasvuandmete põhjal arvutati puistutüüpide tagavarad ning keskmised aastased juurdekasvud. Andmetöötluse läbiviimiseks kasutati programmi MS Excel ning andmete statistiline analüüs teostati Rstudio programmis. Tulemustes selgus, et kuuse puhtpuistu kogutootlikkuse ja kasvava metsa aastane keskmine juurdekasv ning tagavara on oluliselt suurem teistest puistutüüpidest. Kase kasvunäitajate põhjal selgus, et vähenenud liigisisese konkurentsi tulemusena oli kaskede kasv parem segametsas. Mulla keemilised omadused ei erinenud sega- ja puhtpuistute vahel. Kokkuvõttes võib tulemuste põhjal väita, et kuuse puhtpuistu on antud vanuses tootlikum kui segamets ja kase puhtpuistu. Kiirekasvuline pioneerpuuliik (arukask) võidab kasvus segametsas, sest väheneb liigisisene konkurents. Seevastu aeglasema kasvuga puuliigile (harilik kuusk) on konkurents segametsas suurem ning seega kaotab ka kasvus.During the last decades, the proportion of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, has significantly increased in the atmosphere, leading to deterioration in envrionmental conditions due to climate change. To mitigate climate change, it is important to reduce the share of fossil based carbon emissions and increase the use of renewable materials (e.g. timber) and also increase the carbon sequestration capacity of forests. Replacing pure stands with mixed forests is one possible method to increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change, but so far there are few studies that compare the productivity and impact on soil properties of planted pure and mixed stands. The aim of this bachelor´s thesis was to evaluate the effect of pure stands of Norway spruce and silver birch and a mixed spruce-birch forest on the productivity and chemical properties of the soil in approximately 20-year-old planted stands. During the field inventory, the growth data (diameter at breast height and height) of ten plots from all three stand types were measured and soil samples were collected to determine pH, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). On the basis of the growth data, the standing volume and mean annual increment of stand types were calculated. The MS Excel program was used for data processing, and the statistical analysis of the data was tested in the Rstudio program. The results revealed that the mean annual increment and the total volume productivity of the spruce monoculture is significantly higher than other stand types. Based on birch growth indicators, it was revealed that as a result of reduced intraspecific competition, the growth indicators were greater in mixed forests. Soil chemical properties did not differ between mixed and pure stands. In summary, based on the results, it can be stated that a pure stand of spruce is more productive at the given age than a mixed forest and a birch pure stand. The fast-growing pioneer tree species (silver birch) wins in growth in a mixed forest because intraspecific competition decreases. On the other hand, the slower-growing tree species (Norway spruce) has greater competition in a mixed forest and therefore loses in growth

    Creating an Inclusive and Playful Design for the Family Centre in Tammistu Manor Park

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    Bakalaureusetöö Keskkonnaplaneerimise ja maastikukujunduse õppekavalRuumiloome eesmärk on tagada ruumi ja maastiku kasutatavus kõigile. Selle jaoks on mitmeid suuniseid, nende seas ka universaalse disaini põhimõtted, mis aitavad luua kaasavaid lahendusi. Tammistu mõisapargis on ligipääsetavus pargile teede puudumise tõttu kehv ning võimalusi ajaveetmiseks õues on vähe. Bakalaureuse töö eesmärk on luua pargile eelnevate analüüside põhjal lahendus, mis arvestaks sihtgrupiga ja kaasajaga ajaloolises miljöös. Kujundus pidi hõlmama ka ajalooliste elementide taastamist, et väärtustada paiga ajalugu. Lahenduseni jõudmiseks külastati mõisaparki, koostati kaardianalüüsid ja tutvuti teemakohase kirjandusega. Käesoleval tööl on kolm peatükki ning lõppu on lisatud graafiline osa. Kirjandusülevaates selgitatakse: mis on kaasamine ja miks see on ruumiloomes oluline, mis on universaalse disaini põhimõtted ning kuidas neid rakendada, mis on mäng ja mis rolli see lapse arengus mängib ning miks kuulub mängu juurde risk. Veel kirjutatakse mõisaparkide kujundamisest ja tuuakse näiteid projektidest Eestis ja välismaal. Viimaks antakse ülevaade projektalast ja selle ajaloost. Metoodika peatükis kirjeldatakse, kuidas valmisid analüüsid ning milliseid vahendeid ja andmekogumisviise töö jaoks kasutati. Tulemuste ja arutelu peatükis selgitatakse lahti kaardianalüüsid, antakse loetud kirjanduse analüüs ning kirjeldatakse kujunduse kontseptsiooni ja disainielemente. Lõpuks arutletakse töö lahenduse üle. Töö graafiline osa koosneb alusplaanist, analüüsiskeemidest, vaadetest, lõigetest ning konstruktsiooni - ja detailjoonistest.The purpose of spatial design is to ensure the usability of space and landscape for everyone. There are several guidelines for this, including universal design principles, which help create inclusive solutions. In the Tammistu manor park, accessibility to the park is poor due to the lack of walk paths and there are few opportunities to spend time outdoors. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to create a solution for the park based on previous analyzes that would take into account the target group and the current time in the historical milieu. The design also had to include the restoration of historical elements to bring out the value of the history of the site. In order to reach a solution, the author visited the manor park, map analyzes were prepared and relevant literature was consulted. This thesis consists of three chapters and a graphic part. The literature review explains: what is inclusion and why it is important in spatial design, what are the principles of universal design and how to apply them, what is play and what role does it have in a child's development, and why does play include risk. The literature review also writes about the design of manor parks and gives examples of projects in Estonia and abroad. Finally, an overview of the project area and its history is given. The methodology chapter describes how the analyzes were made and which tools and data collection methods were used. The Results and Discussion chapter explains the map analyses, provides an analysis of the read literature, and describes the design concept and design elements. Finally, the solution of the work is discussed. The graphic part of the work consists of a plan of the project area, map analysis, views, sections and construction and detailed drawings

    Analysis of Forest Inventory Data Based on Harvester Measurement Data

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    Magistritöö Metsamajanduse ja metsaökoloogia õppekavalMagistritöö eesmärk oli analüüsida harvesteri toodangufaili andmete kasutamise võimalusi. Uurimuses kasutati Riigimetsa Majandamise Keskuse 1552 lage- ja harvendusraie langiga seotud 2240 eraldise andmeid. Töö käigus töötati välja algoritm, mis leiab puude kõrguse Ozolinši/Padari tüvemoodustaja põhjal. Töö keskendus RMK harvestermõõtmiste andmete võrdlemisele eraldiste takseer-andmetega. Taksaatori mõõdetud rinnaspindala ja harvestermõõtmise tulemused vastavad, kui rinnaspindala on 20…25 m²/ha, kuid suurema rinnaspindala korral hindab taksaator tulemuse alla. Samuti hinnatakse takseerandmetes tagavara alla suuremate tagavarade korral. Keskmine harvestermõõtmise ja takseerkirjelduse rinnaspindalade erinevus sõltuvalt puuliigist on 4…7 m2/ha ja tagavarade erinevus on 20…50 m3/ha. Töös uuriti ka metsakorraldusjuhendi tagavara arvutamise valemi vastavust harvesteri andmetega. Harvesteri mõõdetud puude rinnaspindala ja keskmise kõrguse alusel arvutatud tagavara ning masina mõõdetud tagavara ei erinenud oluliselt. Lisaks vaadeldi puistut iseloomustavate täiendavate tunnuste saamise võimalust harvesteri andmetest, näiteks kahjustuste ulatus ja puude paiknemine Lõputöös leitud rinnaspindala ja tagavara allahindamise arvestamine võib parandada metsahindamise täpsust ning aidata metsakorraldajatel igapäevatöös ja koolitustel.The aim of the master's thesis was to analyze the possibilities of using harvester production file data. The study utilized data from 1552 clear-cut and thinning stands with 2240 subcompartments managed by the State Forest Management Centre (RMK). During the work, an algorithm was developed to determine tree height based on the Ozolinš/Padari taper curve. The study focused on comparing RMK harvester measurement data with compartment inventory data. The basal area measured by the forest surveyor matches the harvester measurement results when the basal area is 20–25 m²/ha, but for larger basal areas, the forest surveyor tends to underestimate the results. Similarly, the inventory data tend to underestimate the volume for larger volumes. The average difference in basal area between harvester measurements and inventory descriptions, depending on tree species, is 4–7 m²/ha, and the difference in volume is 20–50 m³/ha. The study also examined the consistency of the volume calculation formula in the forest management guidelines with harvester data. The volume calculated based on the basal area and average height measured by the harvester did not significantly differ from the machine-measured volume. Additionally, the study explored the possibility of obtaining additional stand characteristics from harvester data, such as the extent of damage and tree distribution. Accounting for the underestimation of basal area and volume found in the thesis can improve the accuracy of forest assessment and assist forest surveyors in their daily work and training

    Effect of genotype x external environment interaction on the number of the kernel per ear of barley

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    Received: May 24th, 2024 ; Accepted: September 3rd, 2024 ; Published: September 26th, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected], external environment and their mutual interaction are determining or limiting a yield and barley tolerance to stressful conditions. This paper presents the results of a two-year study of nine selected genotypes at two localities. Aim of the investigation was determine which of the genotypes in the given production conditions gives the best results in the height and stability of yield. Based on the analysis of variance, Duncan 's test and interaction relations, a large variability between the examined genotypes was determined under the influence of different agroecological conditions of the locality, years of testing and their mutual interactions. All genotypes in this study achieved high yields. The highest total average yield from both localities and both years of testing was achieved by genotype 3 (8,767.99 kg ha-1), and the lowest genotype 7 (6,075.85 kg ha-1), which is significantly higher than the average yield in production in our country (3,150 kg ha-1). This showed that, with the selection of quality genotypes, the application of quality agrotechnics in appropriate agroecological conditions, a higher yield can be achieved

    Does the level of resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus of bean genotypes (Phaseolus spp.) change according to the seed production environment?

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    Received: April 19th, 2024 ; Accepted: July 2nd, 2024 ; Published: July 16th, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) cause considerable losses in warehouses in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Phaseolus acutifolius varieties could be used for genetic studies and genetic improvement of common beans. Tepary bean varieties resistance was studied produced with irrigation and under drought conditions to A. obtectus. Previously, we studied A. obtectus colony from Spain with some of these bean varieties. In the present research, we studied a different A. obtectus colony from México. The varieties T-amarillo, PS-AZH-15 and T-cafe beans showed a lower ovopositation. T-amarillo, T-negro and T-cafe increased the duration of the insect biological cycle. In the varieties T-cafe, T-negro and T-amarillo increased larvae mortality before burrowing the seed in percent and reduced the number of first generation adults. Little grain weight loss is caused by small number of emerged adults, in the varieties T-amarillo, PS-AZH-15, T-cafe and T-negro. According with adult’s number of first generation and grain weight loss in percent T-amarillo showed resistance and tolerance to A. obtectus infestation and it could be used as source of resistance for P. vulgaris breeding. No significant differences were found according to the seed production environment for any traits studied except for initial seed weight. Resistant varieties maintain their lethality regardless of the seed production environment. Probably A. obtectus is genetically different according to the area and is adapted to the varieties produced in each country or region

    Fire doors analysis using finite element method

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    Bakalaureusetöö Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekavalKäesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on läbi viia põhjalik tuletõkkeukse kokkupaneku ja konstruktsiooni analüüs. Lisaks sellele hõlmab töö tuletõkkeuste töötingimuste simulatsiooni loomist Ansys Student tarkvaras ning tuletõkkeuste katsete analüüsi, eesmärgiga võrrelda teoreetilisi ja praktilisi tulemusi. Töö keskendub ka lõplike elementide meetodil saadud tulemuste hindamisele ja analüüsile.The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the assembly and construction of fire doors. Additionally, the thesis involves creating a simulation of fire door operating conditions using Ansys Student software and analyzing fire door tests to compare theoretical and practical results. The work also focuses on the evaluation and analysis of results obtained through the finite element method

    The challenges of the European Green Deal for Estonian farms

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    Magistritöö Majandusarvestuse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval2019. aastal töötas Euroopa Komisjon välja Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe (EGD), eesmärgiga saavutada kliimaneutraalsus ja vähendada keskkonnamõju. EGD eeldab põllumajandustootjatelt keskkonnasäästlikkust, pestitsiidide ja väetiste kasutamise vähendamist ning taastuvenergia integreerimist. Lisaks peavad nad leidma tasakaalu tootlikkuse ja kasumlikkuse vahel, kasutades uusi tehnoloogiaid ja kestlikke tootmismeetodeid. Käesoleva töö eesmärk on välja selgitada, kuidas EGD mõjutab Eesti põllumajandusettevõtteid ning milliseid kohandusi tuleb neil ettevõtluses teha. Magistritöö eesmärgi saavutamiseks kasutatakse esmaseid andmeid, mis saadi ankeetküsitluse kaudu. Küsimustes käsitletakse põllumajandusettevõtete teadmisi, seisukohti, kavandatavaid muudatusi ja väljakutseid seoses EGD-ga. Analüüsi käigus esitatakse kogutud andmed protsentuaalselt ja/või absoluutarvuna. Lisaks seotakse saadud tulemused eelnevalt käsitletud teooriaga. Spearmani korrelatsioonikordajaga uuriti erinevaid seoseid haritava maa (ha), vanuse (a) ja sooga (mees/naine) erinevaid tulemusi. Uuringust ilmnes, et Eesti põllumajandusettevõtted on teadlikud enamikest EGD eesmärkidest, kuid ei pea neid oluliseks ega realistlikult saavutatavaks. Eesti põllumajandusettevõtjad on seni teinud EGD eesmärkide saavutamiseks investeeringuid suhteliselt vähe, kuid enamik neist plaanib teha investeeringuid erinevatesse seadmetesse (täppisviljeluse seadmed, asjade internet, erinevad sensorid, droon). Uurimistulemuste põhjal võib järeldada, et rahalised toetused on oluline tegur Eesti põllumajandusettevõtete motiveerimisel investeerima EGD eesmärkide saavutamisse. Enam kui poolte ettevõtjate arvates peaks toetussumma olema vähemalt 51% nende ettevõtete põhivara väärtusest ning rohkem kui kaks kolmandiku ettevõtjatest ei ole nõus EGD eesmärkide saavutamiseks tehtavaid investeeringuid nõus finantseerima rohkem kui 20% ulatuses.In 2019, the European Commission developed the European Green Deal (EGD) with the aim of achieving climate neutrality and reducing environmental impacts. The EGD requires farmers to be environmentally sustainable, reduce their use of pesticides and fertilisers and integrate renewable energy. In addition, they need to strike a balance between productivity and profitability, using new technologies and sustainable production methods. The aim of this work is to find out how EGD affects Estonian farms and what adjustments they need to make in their business. To achieve the aim of the thesis, primary data obtained through a questionnaire survey will be used. The questions address farms' knowledge, views, planned changes and challenges regarding the EGD. The analysis will present the data collected in percentage and/or absolute terms. In addition, the results obtained will be linked to the theory previously discussed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the different associations between the results for cultivated area (ha), age (a) and gender (male/female). The survey showed that Estonian farms are aware of most of the EGD objectives, but do not consider them important or realistically achievable. So far, Estonian farmers have made relatively few investments to achieve the EGD objectives, but most of them plan to invest in different equipment (precision farming equipment, internet of things, different sensors, drones). Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that financial support is an important factor in motivating Estonian farms to invest in achieving the EGD objectives. More than half of the farmers consider that the amount of support should be at least 51% of the value of the fixed assets of their holdings and more than two thirds of the farmers are not willing to finance investments to achieve the EGD objectives by more than 20%

    Designing of potential grading systems for overhead powerlines using SES software

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    Magistritöö Energiakasutuse õppekavalKäesolevas töös on käsitletud kõrgepinge õhuliinide projekteerimist SES tarkvaraga. Töö eesmärgiks on tutvustada potentsiaaliühtlustuse projekteerimise protsessi SES tarkvaraga. Peamiseks fookuseks on suure lühise korral maa potentsiaali tõusu haldamine ja ohtlike puutepingete ohututele tasemetele toomine. Käesoleva töö raames on lähtutud võrguettevõtja nõuetest, vastavatest standarditest ja üldistest tehnilistest normidest. Töös on süvitsi käsitletud 330 kV vantkandemasti potentsiaaliühtlustuse projekteerimist alates algsest materjalide kogumisest, masti baasi modelleerimisest, liini lühisvoolude modelleerimisest, lõpliku sobiliku potentsiaaliühtlustuse lahendusest kuni tervikliku puutepinge kontrollini. Lisaks on analüüsitud koostatud lahendust, vaadates potentsiaalide 3D diagrammi. Töö lisaväärtus seisneb selles, et antud teema puhul ei esine liialt eesti keelseid materjale. Töö edasiarendusena peaks uurima programmiga suureloomuliste maanduspaigaldiste projekteerimist, kasutades SESi poolt pakutavat CDEGS paketti ja sellega kaasnevaid mooduelid.This thesis describes the process of designing overhead power lines potential grading systems. The aim of this study is to present the design process and methods of designing overhead power lines potential grading systems using SES software. The main focus of this thesis is managing the ground potential rise at fault location and keeping touch voltages under the necessary safety limits. In this study, the design process is based on the requirements of the power distribution company, relevant standards and regular construction norms. In this thesis, the author thoroughly explored the design of potential grading systems for a 330 kV guywire suspension tower. The process began with basic information gathering, modeling of the tower, and concluded with the implementation of an appropriate solution whilst doing the mandatory touch potential check. The author also analyzed the potential grading system by using the 3D diagram. The added value of this thesis is the fact that there are not many articles of this topic in Estonian. For future work, the use of SES software should be explored in designing large scale grounding solutions with the application of the CDEGS software package

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