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Pealkiri: Tartu Anne kanali äärse rohe siniala kasutusmustrid
No full textMaster’s thesis
Curriculum in Landscape ArchitectureUrban green-blue spaces provide opportunities for social, physical and leisure activities, which are important to the physical and mental health of citizens. This thesis examines the use patterns in an urban green-blue space, using data collected with BlueHealth Assessment Tool (BBAT). The aim of this thesis is to understand who the users in the area are, how is the area used, if COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent two years of return to “normalcy” made any differences in the park users’ habits and is the BlueHealth intervention being used as it was planned.Linna rohe
sinialad pakuvad võimalusi sotsiaalseteks, füüsilisteks ja vaba aja tegevusteks,
mis on olulised linnaelanike füüsilise ja vaimse tervise jaoks. Käesolev lõputöö uurib
kasutusmustreid linnas asuvas rohe sinialal, kasutades BlueHealth Assesment Tooliga
(BBAT) kogutud andmeid . Lõputöö eesmärk on mõista kes on uuringuala kasutajad, kuidas
uuringuala kasutatakse, kas COVID 19 pandeemia ja sellele järgnenud kaheaastane
„normaalsusesse“ naasmine muutis pargi kasutajate harjumusi ning kas BlueHealth platvormi
kasutatakse plaanipäraselt
Phytoremediation potential of oat (Avena sativa L.) in soils contaminated with cadmium
No full textReceived: October 1st, 2023 ; Accepted: November 28th, 2023 ; Published: December 15st, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] activities can cause enormous damage to agricultural soils through the
accumulation of toxic metals in the soil. The identification of plants capable of accumulating
relatively large amounts of these compounds in plant tissues with the aim of reducing or limiting
soil toxicity is of great interest. Two independent pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the
phytoremediation potential of different varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in soil
contaminated with cadmium (Cd, 50 mg kg-1 soil). Eight varieties were cultivated for 21 days in
Cd- contaminated soil. Five varieties of oat were exposed to Cd at the third leaf stage, followed
one week later by exposure to oat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) for 35 days.
In general, the tested varieties accumulated more Cd in the roots than in the shoots and showed a
high tolerance to Cd. Metal accumulation in shoots was lower after 21 days of cultivation
(8.30–17.27 mg Cd kg-1
) than after 42 days (13.72–35.20 mg Cd kg-1
) and was the highest in
tissues of plants infected with B. graminis (48.17–96.20 mg kg-1
). In conclusion, our results
indicate a good phytostabilization and remediation potential of oat (varieties Racoon and Vaclav)
for soil contaminated with cadmium
Specific features of real estate development in the city of Elva
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekavalKinnisvaraarendus mõjutab oluliselt linna võimet meelitada ja toetada tulusat ettevõtlust ning tagada kohalikele elanikele turvaline, mugav ja taskukohane elukeskkond. Antud valdkonna areng võimaldab tagada, et Elva linn oleks ligitõmbav koht uutele elanikele ning ettevõtetele kes kohalikul tasandil lisandväärtust looksid. Käesoleva töö eesmärgiks on uurida Elva linna kinnisvaraarenduse eripärasid.
Teoreetilises osas antakse ülevaade kinnisvaraarendusest, alustades kinnisvara põhitõdedest. Selgitatakse põgusalt erialase kirjanduse põhjal kinnisvara omadusi ning tuuakse välja kinnisvaraarenduse olemuse ja etapid. Lisaks kirjeldatakse kirjanduse põhjal kinnisvaraarenduse piirkondlikku käsitlust.
Töö teises ehk empiirilises pooles antakse ülevaade Elva linna asumite planeeringust tulenevatest eripäradest ning arengusuundadest. Üldplaneeringu uurimise järgselt viidi läbi küsitlus kolme kohaliku arendajaga, kohaliku maakleriga ning Elva Vallaga, et uurida eripärasid täiendavalt. Seejärel kirjeldatakse tulemusi ning tehakse kokkuvõte uuringu andmete põhjal.
Elva linna kinnisvaraarenduse eripärade uurimise käigus tuli välja Elva linna suunitlus linnaplaneeringu koostamisel – loodusrikkus ja kuurortlinna kuvand. Antud kvalitatiivse uuringu andmete põhjal pakub Elva linn ideaalse elukeskkonna neile, kes hindavad loodust ja privaatsust. Kuurortlinnana keskendub kinnisvaraarendus peamiselt elamute juurdeehitamisele, mida toetab ka linna planeering ning see on piirkonna kinnisvaraarendusprojektidest kõige nõutum, mis selgus küsitluste tulemustest.Real estate development has a significant impact on the city's ability to attract and support profitable businesses and to provide a safe, comfortable and affordable living environment for local residents. The aim of this thesis is to examine the specific features of real estate development in the city of Elva.
The theoretical part gives an overview of real estate development, starting with the basic facts of real estate. The characteristics of real estate are briefly explained on the basis of the relevant literature and the nature and stages of real estate development are explained. In addition, regional approach to real estate development is described based on relevant literature.
The second, empirical, part of the research paper gives an overview of the specificities and trends in the planning of the districts in the city of Elva. Following the examination of the general plan, a survey was carried out with three local developers, a local real estate agent and the municipality of Elva to further describe the specific features. The results are then described and summarised based on the study data.
During the study of the specifics of real estate development in the city of Elva, the city's focus on natural wealth and its image as a resort town emerged in the city planning process. The city of Elva offers an ideal living environment for those who value nature and privacy. As a resort town, real estate development is mainly focused on residential development, which is also supported by urban planning and is the most demanded in the area's real estate market as it turned out on the basis of the survey
Genotype prediction in maize (Zea mays L.) progeny using different predictive models
No full textReceived: March 29th, 2024 ; Accepted: June 27th, 2024 ; Published: July 11th, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study utilized two probabilistic methods, Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) and Logistic Regression (LR), to predict the genotypes of the offspring of two maize varieties: SC604 and KSC707, based on the phenotypic traits of the parent plant. The predictive performance of both models was evaluated by measuring their overall accuracy and calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The overall accuracy of both models ranged from 80% to 89%. The AUC values for the LR models were 0.88 or higher, while the GNB models had AUC values of 0.83 or higher. These results indicated that both models were successful in predicting the genetic makeup of the progeny. Furthermore, it was observed that both models were more accurate in predicting the SC604 genotype, which was found to be more consistent and predictable compared to the KSC707 genotype. A chi-square test was conducted to assess the similarity between the prediction results of the two models, revealing that both models had a similarly high likelihood of making accurate predictions in all scenarios
The design project of the schoolyard of the Peipsi Gymnasium
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnaplaneerimise ja maastikukujunduse õppekavalEesti kooliaedade ajaloost võime näha, et igal ajastul olid koolihoovide jaoks oma eripärad,
kohustuslikud komponendid ja erinevad eeltingimused. Lühikese aja jooksul said
koolihoovid kogeda nii hiilgeaegu, allakäiku kui ka taassündi. Tänapäeval omandavad
koolihoovid Eestis uusi funktsioone ja stiili. Üha enam pööratakse tähelepanu laste
vaimsele tervisele, roheluse tähtsusele lapse elus ning mängule kui õppimisviisile.
Kooliõuede kujundused ei ole enam klišeelikud (tehtud üldtunnustatud, mujalt kopeeritud
mustrite järgi, stereotüüpselt) ja lähenevad üha enam projektidele individuaalselt.
Individuaalset lähenemist järgis antud uurimistöö autor ka Mustvee linnas asuva Peipsi
Gümnaasiumi koolihoovi kujundusprojekti loomisel. Hetkel on Peipsi Gümnaasiumi
hooviala enamuses kaetud muruga, alal kasvavad puud, puudub kujunduslahendus,
spordivõimalused ja ajaveetmise võimalused. Kujundusprojektiga lisatakse haljastust,
luuakse erinevad võimalused vaba aja veetmiseks, arvestades kooli õpilaste ja õpetajate
arvamust. Kujundusprojekti koostamisel lähtuti õpetajate, õpilaste ning lapsevanemate
arvamusest; looduse tähtsusest laste elus; erineva vanuse ja vajadustega laste eelistustest
koolihoovi kasutamisel ning olemasolevast olukorrast.The history of Estonian schoolyards reveals that in every era, there were unique features,
obligatory components, and different prerequisites for schoolyards. Within a short period,
schoolyards experienced periods of prosperity, decline, and revival. Nowadays,
schoolyards in Estonia are acquiring new functions and styles. There is increasing attention
given to children's mental health, the importance of greenery in their lives, and play as a
method of learning. Schoolyard designs are no longer clichéd (based on universally
accepted, copied patterns from elsewhere, stereotypical) and are increasingly approached
on an individual project basis. The author of this research also followed an individual
approach in creating the design project for the schoolyard of Peipsi Gymnasium located in
Mustvee city. Currently, the majority of the Peipsi Gymnasium's yard area is covered with
grass, there are trees growing in the area, but there is no design solution, sports facilities, or
recreational opportunities. The design project includes adding greenery, creating various
opportunities for leisure activities, taking into account the opinions of the school's students
and teachers. The design project was based on the opinions of teachers, students, and
parents; the importance of nature in children's lives; the preferences of children of different
ages and needs in using the schoolyard, and the existing situation
Molecular characterization of new causative agents of root rot of wheat in Morocco
No full textReceived: August 25th, 2024 ; Accepted: October 10th, 2024 ; Published: October 22nd, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] of the world's cereal-growing regions are severely constrained by root rots, crown rot and head blight brought on by Fusarium spp. In Morocco, yield losses due to root rots are not negligible and range from 12 to 14%. For this study, wheat root rot was surveyed in wheat fields from 2014 to 2019 in different regions of Morocco. Diseased plants are less vigorous, show progressive rotting of the root system and produce white or discolored heads containing stunted seeds. Therefore, the improvement of national production goes through the study of this disease on a deep level. To do this, 75 samples have been collected for the morphological study, which made it possible to identify the genus Fusarium present in the roots and the crown of the infected plant, and the molecular study made it possible to characterize the Fusarium species that are present in Moroccan wheat fields. Molecular identification revealed the presence of five Fusarium species, namely: Fusarium culmorum, which is noted as the dominant species in Morocco with a relative frequency of 21%, F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. avenaccum and finally F. sambucinum, which represented a high rate in the Gharb region
Smooth transfer of customer choices to the company's system and their effect on profit, based on company Kodumaja AS
No full textMagistritöö
Maaehituse õppekavalKodumajal AS ettevõttel on kliendi valikutelt saadava tulu jaoks olemas finantsiline
mõõde, kuid see on ainult eelarvestuse faasis kokku pandud prognoos, mida projektide
lõpus ei kõrvutata reaalsete kulutustega. Seetõttu ei ole ettevõttel ülevaadet kui kasumlik
on reaalsuses kliendi valikutega töötamine.
Käesolevas magistritöös uuriti Kodumaja AS kliendi valikute protsessi ja analüüsiti
kliendi valikutega seotud kulutusi projekti Kongsberg Terrasse raames. Töö eesmärk oli
tuvastada probleemid kliendi valikutega töötamisel ja leida nendelt saadav tegelik tulu.
Töös on kasutatud ettevõtte süsteemide ProP ja BC andmeid. Töö fookuses oleva projekti
Kongsberg Terrasse juures töötas autor objektijuhina, mistõttu paljud väited magistritöös
on koostatud empiiriliselt. Teostatud analüüsid on läbi viidud kasutades Microsoft Excel
tabelarvutuse programmi.
Töö tulemusena saadi projektil Kongsberg Terrasse kliendi valikutest tulenevaks
tegelikuks müügikatteks 61 491 eurot, mis on oluliselt suurem eelarvestatud 45 053
eurost. Analüüsi käigus leiti mittevastavusi, mille suhtes tehti parandusettepanekud
ettevõtte juhatusele, et neid vigu tuleviku projektidel vältida.Kodumaja AS company has a financial measurement for the income from customer
choices, but it is only an estimation, put together in the budgeting phase. Therefore, the
company does not have an overview of how profitable working with customer choices is.
In this master's thesis, the customer choice process of Kodumaja AS was investigated and
the costs related to customer choices were analyzed on the Kongsberg Terrasse project.
The purpose of the work is to identify problems working with customer choices, and to
find the real influence to the companies profit margins.
The data used in the work have been obtained through the company's ProP and BC
systems. At the Kongsberg Terrasse project, which is the focus of the work, the author
worked as a site manager, which is why many statements in the master's thesis are
empirical. Performed analyzes have been carried out using Microsoft Excel program.
As a result, the author calculated the actual sales margin derived from customer choices
of project Kongsberg Terrasse to be 61,491 euros, which is higher than the budgeted
45,053 euros. During the analysis, the author found a number of issues, for which the
author made proposals to the company's management board in order to avoid these
mistakes in future projects
Introduction of the Leached gley soil: elected for year 2024 soil of Estonia
No full textThe name of Estonian year 2024 soil by Estonian soil classification is the Leached gley soil, but by the WRB system Mollic Gleysol. By its properties the Leached gley soil belongs to the permanently wet with calcareous subsoil mineral soils group. The typical its profile fabric’s formula is (O)–AT–BwG–CG. On natural areas these soils’ humus covers (or humipedons) belong by the local classification to the wet forest-mull type, on the base of which on drained arable areas mostly the humus covers with eutrophic raw humuous type were formed. In diminishing order of these soils textures is - loams 44% > sands 22% > loamy sands 17% > clays 17%. The position of Leached gley soils among other soil species is analysed by mean of Estonian normally developed soil matrix. The Leached gley soils form approximately 13% from the total Estonian soil cover and 40% from the total area of wet soils. Most of Leached gley soils with loamy texture were drained and are used in quality of arable lands. Besides the analysis of Leached gley soil profiles’ fabric, humus status and texture, the different chemical-physical properties separately for forest and arable soils are presented. By the comparative analysis of arable and forest soils’ properties and pedo-ecological functioning regularities, the changes happened with land use changes in Leached gley soils are elucidated. It reveals that formed on Leached gley soils’ forests and grasslands plant cover composition depends in great extent from the properties of soils. Consequently in the management of arable Leached gley soils their suitability for agricultural crops should be taken also into account
The impact of custom duties and import sanctions on business operations fot company X and Y in the years 2020-2022
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekavalPerioodil 2020-2022 on maailmamajandus olnud erakordselt muutlik. COVID-19
pandeemia ja sellega kaasnevad majanduskriisid, aga ka poliitiliste sündmustega seotud
sanktsioonide kehtestamine, on esile kutsunud suured muutused tollimaksude ja
impordipoliitikas. Need sanktsioonid mõjutasid mitmeid valdkondi ja ettevõtete
äritegevust, samuti avaldasid mõju nendele riikidele, kes sanktsioone kehtestasid.
Bakalaureuse töö eesmärgiks on analüüsida tollimaksude ja impordisanktsioonide mõju
ettevõtete X ja Y äritegevusele perioodil 2020-2022.
Töö teoreetilises osas käsitletakse tollimaksude ja impordisanktsioonide olemust, eesmärke ja kehtestamise põhjusi, samuti äritegevust iseloomustavad näitajaid ja erinevaid ärimudeleid. Empiirilises osas analüüsib autor kuidas tollimaksud ja impordisanktsioonid mõjutasid ettevõtte X ja Y äritegevusele aastatel 2020-2022. Selle välja selgitamiseks valis autor uuringu läbiviimiseks meetodi ja valimi. Intervjuude illustreerimiseks kasutatakse kvantitatiivset analüüsi, mille käigus analüüsitakse majandusaasta aruandest saadud andmeid, võrreldes bilansimahtu, müügikäivet, töötajate arvu ja kasumit nende aastate vahel. Töö koostamiseks kasutati erialaseid raamatuid, Äriregistris olevaid ettevõtete majandusaasta aruandeid ja Maksu- ja Tolliameti veebilehte. Analüüsi käigus Ettevõtte X puhul selgus, et varade ja põhivarade maht kasvas veidi, kuid kohustiste maht vähenes. Müügitulu ja kasum kasvasid, kuid puidu hinna oluline tõus tekitas ettevõttele raskusi. Sanktsioonid ei mõjutanud oluliselt tööjõudu, kuna ettevõte oli hästi automatiseeritud. Ettevõtte Y puhul kasvasid varad ja põhivarad oluliselt, kuid ka kohustiste maht suurenes. Sanktsioonid muutsid kaupade importimise keerukamaks ja mõjutasid logistikateenuseid. Kuigi hind kahekordistus, suutis ettevõte Y jätkuvalt kasumit teenida. Kokkuvõttes võib öelda, et tollimaksude ja sanktsioonide kehtestamine ei mõjutanud ettevõtete äritegevust oluliselt, kuna ettevõtted suutsid leida alternatiive keeruliste olukordade lahendamiseks. Mõlemad ettevõtted olid jätkusuutlikud ja suutsid oma tegevust säilitada ka rasketes oludes.In the period from 2020 to 2022, the global economy experienced exceptional volatility. The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying economic crises, along with political events and the imposition of sanctions, provoked major changes in customs duties and import policies. These sanctions affected various areas and companies' business activities and impacted the countries that imposed them. The objective of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze the impact of customs duties and import sanctions on the business activities of companies X and Y during the period from 2020 to 2022.
The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the nature, objectives, and reasons for the imposition of customs duties and import sanctions, as well as indicators characterizing business activities and different business models. In the empirical part, the author analyzes how customs duties and import sanctions affected the business activities of companies X and Y from 2020 to 2022. To do this, the author chose a method and sample for conducting the study. Quantitative analysis is used to illustrate the interviews, during which data obtained from annual reports are analyzed, comparing the balance sheet totals, sales turnover, number of employees, and profit across these years. Specialized books, annual reports of companies in the Commercial Register, and the website of the Tax and Customs Board were used to compile the work. The analysis in the case of Company X showed that the volume of assets and fixed assets increased slightly, but the volume of liabilities decreased. Sales revenue and profit increased, but a significant increase in the price of wood caused difficulties for the company. The sanctions did not significantly affect the labor force since the company was well automated.
In the case of Company Y, assets and fixed assets increased significantly, but the volume of liabilities also increased. The sanctions made it more difficult to import goods and affected logistics services. Although the price of goods doubled, Company Y was able to continue making a profit.
In conclusion, it can be said that the imposition of duties and sanctions did not significantly affect the business activities of the companies, as they were able to find alternatives to overcome difficult situations. Both companies were sustainable and maintained their operations even under challenging circumstances
Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan
No full textReceived: February 9th, 2024 ; Accepted: June 5th, 2024 ; Published: August 22nd, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] is an important hub for the agricultural production in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was aimed to model the air temperature trend in Sindh and its impacts on the seasonal water requirement for Rice, Wheat, and Sugarcane under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In this study, RegCM4 with GFDL-ESM2M was used and the bias correction of RegCM4 simulations was done using Quantile Mapping. As per the analysis, the average annual temperature over the study area may rise by about 1.2 to 1.8 °C and 2.8 to 3.3 °C under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Seasonally, warming is expected to be higher in spring and winter seasons, whereas, diurnally, the daytime temperature may increase by about 1.2 to 1.7 °C and 2.6 to 3.2 °C, while the nighttime temperature may rise by about 1.4 to 2.7 °C and 3.0 to 3.5 °C under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Consequentially, the seasonal water requirement for Rice in Sindh may increase by about 50–100 mm and 100–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. For Wheat, the water requirement may rise by about 60 mm and 100 mm, whereas for Sugarcane, it may soar by about 100–150 mm and 150–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Conclusively, the rising crop water consumption may cause increased irrigation requirements, low crop water productivity and yield, and rising local water disputes thereby endangering the crop production and water security in the province