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Effect of the incorporation of ‘Marrubium Vulgare L.’ in Yogurt: Physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties
No full textReceived: November 11th, 2024 ; Accepted: March 11th, 2025 ; Published: March 27th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] research work on the incorporation of Marrubium vulgare extract in the yogurt formulations and its effects on physicochemical and sensory properties were conducted. The obtained results revealed that the incorporation of Marrubium vulgare extract did not negatively influenced physicochemical parameters, with pH values varied from 4.37 ± 0.01 in natural Yogurt to 4.31 ± 0.01 in the 4% Marrubium yogurt, and titratable acidity varied significantly from 99.3 ± 0.5°D to 105.3 ± 1.2°D (p 0.05), but led to a significant increase in ash content, from 0.63 ± 0.03% to 0.93 ± 0.03% (p 0.05). This study highlights the potential of Marrubium vulgare as a functional ingredient for Yogurt fortification, enhancing antioxidant properties, mineral content, and consumer acceptability
Uljaste
No full textPhytoplankton biomass, diversity and abundance in samples collected from Lake Uljaste during the period 1954-2006
Raadi
No full textPhytoplankton biomass, diversity and abundance in samples collected from Lake Raadi during the period 1928, 1929 and 1990
Tamula
No full textPhytoplankton biomass, diversity and abundance in samples collected from Lake Tamula during the period 1932-2002
Ermistu
No full textPhytoplankton biomass, diversity and abundance in samples collected from Lake Ermistu during the period 1929-1995
Nõmme Mudajärv
No full textPhytoplankton biomass, diversity and abundance in samples collected from Nõmme Mudajärv during the period 1979 and 1980
Assessment of new citrus hybrid rootstocks to salinity at the early seedling stage under greenhouse conditions
No full textReceived: July 16th, 2024 ; Accepted: October 29th, 2024 ; Published: December 25th, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected] citrus industry in arid areas is largely constrained by the salinity of irrigation water and soil. This study was conducted to determine how six novel citrus hybrid rootstocks will respond to salinity at the seedling stage. Three different NaCl concentrations, 0, 2, and 5 g L-1, were added to the half-concentrated Hoagland solution (corresponding to 1.3 (control), 4 and 9 dS m-1, respectively). Three-month-old seedlings grown in greenhouse conditions and transplanted in plastic pots were used. After two months of stress, different responses from the rootstocks and salt levels were observed. The addition of NaCl to the irrigation solution considerably decreased the fresh and dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content. Additionally, the proline content, soluble sugar, and the leaf chloride content increase with the increase in salinity. Our findings demonstrated that the hybrid Poncirus Trifoliata× Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan. (V5) H6 is salt-sensitive, accumulating a high leaf chloride level of 46.92 mg g-1 of dry matter and a low chlorophyll content of 1.12 mg g-1 of fresh matter associated with signs of leaf toxicity, leading to poor fresh and dry weight. Although hybrid Poncirus Trifoliata× Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan. (V1) H2 is thought to be salt-tolerant, it accumulates 38.88 mg g-1 of dry-matter leaf chloride and 1.72 mg g-1 of fresh-matter chlorophyll content
Gender and intersectional analysis of agricultural value chains for youth engagement in Rwanda
No full textReceived: January 13th, 2025 ; Accepted: April 8th, 2025 ; Published: April 22nd, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] engagement in agriculture is recognized as a quick and effective way to address problems of rural unemployment, poverty and food insecurity. This paper explores factors influencing youth engagement in agricultural value chains across nine districts in Rwanda, focusing on five major crops in Rwanda: maize, Irish potatoes, beans, chilies, and avocados. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a survey of 635 youth engaged in selected value chains across nine districts in Rwanda, supplemented by key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Results from this study revealed a segmentation of youth engagement in value chains along gender lines, both in the selection of value chains and accross different segments. The study identified differences in the prioritization of needs among different youth social identities in agricultural, along with gender disparities in the ownership and control of productive resources. The study further noted that young women encounter particular barriers limiting their participation in leadership roles in agricultural organizations, including limited skills, restricted mobility, low education, and heavy domestic responsibilities. The study recommends deliberate measures to address these challenges, entailing the introduction of financial solutions to improve youth access to productive resources, affirmative actions to enhance young women’s inclusion in lucrative value chain segments, and awareness interventions to address social norms. Likewise, strengthening governance structures of farmer cooperatives for youth engagement will unlock employment opportunities for young people in agriculture
Circular bioeconomy practices in the field of agriculture and forestry in Alutaguse municipality
No full textMagistritöö
Ettevõtlus ja ökonoomika õppekavalFossiilsete ressursside kasutamine on kaasa toonud kliimamuutused, mis mõjutavad nii majandust, keskkonda kui ka inimkonda. Läbi ringbiomajanduse on võimalik loodusvarade säästlik kasutamine, jäätmete vähendamine, bioloogiliste ressursside ringlussevõtt. Alutaguse vallas on põlevkivi kaevanduste sulgemisel vaja tagada piirkonna jätkusuutlikus ning soov on jõuda energiat tootva piirkonnani.
Magistritöö eesmärk on selgitada välja, millised senised praktikad on Alutaguse vallas tegutsevatel ettevõtetel ringbiomajanduse arendamisel ning saada teada, kas ringbiomajandus võiks olla üheks lahenduseks metsamajanduse ja põllumajanduse valdkonna jätkusuutlikkuse tagamisel piirkonnas.
Empiirilises osas viidi läbi küsitlus Alutaguse vallas põllumajanduse ja metsamajanduse valdkonnas tegutsevate ettevõtetega ja intervjuu Alutaguse vallas tegutsevate toidu tootjatega. Küsitluse käigus koguti andmeid ettevõtjate ringbiomajandusliku teadlikkuse kohta, biomassi tekke, koguse ja arvestuse kohta, kui ka võimalike mõjutajate kohta, mis võivad mõjutada ringbiomajanduse rakendamist. Intervjuu eesmärk oli saada ülevaade piirkonna biomassi ringmajandusest, et teada saada, mis saab toidu tootjate tootmiskadudest, kõrvalsaadustest ja biojäätmetest.
Uuringust selgus, et piirkonnas tekib metsamajanduses olulisel määral biomassist oksi, tüükaid, puukoori, lehti ja saepuru, mida piirkonnas suures osas ei väärindata. Põllumajanduses tekib põhiliselt põhk, mida ettevõtjad kasutavad enamasti kompostimisel, seega lisandväärtust sellele ei looda. Ettevõtted rakendavad ringbiomajanduse põhimõtteid igapäevases tegevuses, kuid väärtusahelaid seejuures ei jälgita. Biomass kasutatakse ära nii, kuidas mõistlikum tundub, arvestamata sellega, mille jaoks biomassi kasutada saaks.
Autori hinnangul on Alutaguse vallas metsamajanduse ja põllumajanduse ettevõtetel potentsiaali ringbiomajanduse tõhusamaks rakendamiseks. Magistritöö tulemusel selgunud asjaolud viitavad, et kohaliku biomassi läbimõeldud väärindamine aitaks kaasa põllumajanduse ja metsamajanduse jätkusuutlikkuse tagamisele piirkonnas ja tugevdada ka valla eesmärki olla energiat tootev piirkond. Edasine tegevus piirkonnas ringbiomajanduse arendamiseks peaks hõlmama ettevõtjate teadlikkuse tõstmist, koostöövõrgustiku loomist, kohaliku omavalituse tuge ja investeerimise toetuseid.The use of fossil resources has led to climate change, which affects the economy, the environment and humanity. Through the circular bioeconomy, it is possible to sustainably use natural resources, reduce waste and recycle biological resources. In Alutaguse rural municipality it is necessary to ensure the sustainability of the region when closing oil shale mines and the desire to reach an energy-producing region.
The aim of the master's thesis is to find out what practices companies operating in Alutaguse rural municipality have so far in developing the circular bioeconomy and to find out whether the circular bioeconomy could be one of the solutions for ensuring the sustainability of forestry and agriculture in the region.
In the empirical part a survey was conducted with companies operating in the fields of agriculture and forestry in Alutaguse rural municipality and an interview with food producers operating in Alutaguse rural municipality. During the survey data was collected on the circular bioeconomy awareness of entrepreneurs, the generation, quantity and accounting of biomass, as well as possible influences that may affect the implementation of the circular bioeconomy. The aim of the interview was to gain an overview of the region's biomass circular economy in order to find out what happens to the food producers production losses, by-products and bio-waste.
The study revealed that forestry in the region produces a significant amount of biomass branches, stumps, leaves, sawdust, which are largely not valued in the region. Agriculture mainly produces straw, which entrepreneurs mostly use for composting, so no added value is created for it. Companies apply the principles of circular bioeconomy in their daily activities, but value chains are not monitored. Biomass is used in the way that seems most reasonable, without considering what the biomass could be used for.
The author estimates that circular bioeconomy has potential in the region to ensure the sustainability of the region and also strengthen the municipality's goal of being an energy-producing region. Circular bioeconomy certainly needs to be more widely reflected in the region and there is a need to support entrepreneurs in the presented field. The circumstances revealed as a result of the master's thesis indicate that thoughtful valorization of local biomass would contribute to ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and forestry in the region
Strength analysis of screw joints in timber frame structures with various gypsum boards and OSB board
No full textMagistritöö
Maaehituse õppekavalPuitkarkasshoonete jäikuse ja stabiilsuse tagamisel on oluline mõista kruviliidete
mehaanilist käitumist erinevate plaatmaterjalide korral. Liite tugevust mõjutavad oluliselt
nii kasutatud kruvide geomeetrilised ja mehaanilised omadused kui ka plaatmaterjali tüüp
ja struktuur. Käesoleva töö eesmärk oli uurida erinevate kipsplaatide, puitlaastplaadi ja
kruvide kombinatsioonide mõju kruviliidete kandevõimele ning purunemisviisidele.
Katsetamiseks kasutati nelja erinevat plaatmaterjali (Fermacell kipskiudplaat, Knauf
erikõva- ja standardkipsplaat ning OSB-3 puitlaastplaat) ja nelja erinevat kruvi
(Fermacell, Essve ja Clint kipsikruvid ning Clint plaadikruvi). Tõmbekatsed viidi läbi
ühelõikeliste katsekehadega vastavalt standardile EVS-EN 26891:1999. Teoreetilised
tugevusarvutused tehti tarkvara PTC Mathcad Prime 9.0.0.0 abil, tuginedes kolmele
metoodikale: Johanseni voolavusteooriale, lihtsustatud EC5 käsitlusele ning Fermacell
Euroopa Tehnilisel Hinnangul (ETA) põhinevale meetodile.
Katsetulemused näitasid, et kõrgeim kandevõime saavutati Fermacell kipskiudplaadi ja
Essve kruvi kombinatsioonis (keskmiselt 1490 N). OSB-3 plaadiga saavutati samuti häid
tulemusi, ent koormustaluvuse hajuvus oli suurem. Töö kinnitas, et tootjapoolne
spetsiaalne kruvi ei taga alati parimat ühenduse tugevust ning liite kandevõime sõltub
olulisel määral konkreetse kruvi ja plaatmaterjali koosmõjust. Uurimistöö tulemused
loovad aluse edasisteks uuringuteks kruviliidete käitumise valdkonnas ning pakuvad
sisulist tuge projekteerimispraktika arendamisel ja normatiivdokumentide täpsustamisel.The mechanical behavior of screw joints between wood framing and various sheathing
materials plays a significant role in the stiffness and overall structural performance of
timber frame buildings. The strength of such connections is influenced by both the
geometry and mechanical properties of the fasteners as well as the type and structure of
the sheathing material. The aim of this study was to investigate the load-bearing capacity
and failure modes of screw joints using different combinations of gypsum boards, oriented
strand board (OSB), and screw types.
Experimental testing was carried out using four sheathing materials (Fermacell gypsum
fiberboard, Knauf hard and standard gypsum boards, and OSB-3 board) and four types of
screws (Fermacell, Essve, and Clint gypsum screws, and a Clint panel screw). Tensile
tests were performed on single-shear specimens in accordance with standard
EVS-EN 26891:1999. Theoretical strength calculations were conducted using
PTC Mathcad Prime 9.0.0.0 software based on three approaches: Johansen’s yield theory,
the simplified EC5 method, and a method derived from the European Technical
Assessment (ETA) for Fermacell boards.
The results showed that the highest average load-bearing capacity was achieved with the
combination of Fermacell gypsum fiberboard and Essve screws (mean value 1490 N).
OSB-3 joints also demonstrated strong performance, although the variability between
samples was greater. The findings confirmed that manufacturer-specific screws do not
necessarily guarantee superior performance, and the effectiveness of a connection depends
significantly on the interaction between the specific fastener and sheathing material. The
study provides valuable input for engineering practice and offers a foundation for further
research and refinement of design standards for mechanical joints in timber structures