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Price changes of residential and commercial land with buildings in Estonia in 1996–2024
No full textMagistritöö
Geodeesia, kinnisvara- ja maakorralduse õppekavalViimase kolme aastakümne jooksul on Eesti kinnisvaraturgu mõjutanud ulatuslikud majanduslikud ja poliitilised muutused, kuid seni on puudunud terviklik, andmepõhine ülevaade hoonestatud maa hindade kujunemisest. Magistritöö eesmärk on kirjeldada hoonestatud elamu- ja ärimaa hinnamuutuseid aastatel 1996–2024. Töö tugineb kvalitatiivsele kirjeldavale metoodikale ning kasutab andmeid Maa- ja Ruumiametilt ning ametlikest Euribori ja Talibori allikatest. Analüüs hõlmab kogu Eestit ja kahte piirkonda Harjumaad ja Lääne-Virumaad ning tulemused on esitatud tehingute arvu, keskmise hinna, kogupindala ja kogumaksumuse põhjal, kasutades graafikuid ja tabeleid andmete visualiseerimiseks.
Käesoleva magistritöö analüüsi tulemusel selgus, et hoonestatud elamu- ja ärimaa hinnad on perioodil 1996–2024 pikemas plaanis kasvanud, läbides selgeid tõusu- ja langusfaase, mis järgivad klassikalist kinnisvaratsüklit. Hindade dünaamikat mõjutasid enim majandustsüklid, rahapoliitilised otsused ja geopoliitilised kriisid – sealhulgas Eesti liitumine Euroopa Liiduga 2004. aastal, globaalne finantskriis 2007–2009, euro kasutuselevõtt 2011. aastal ning Covid-19 pandeemia. Harjumaa kinnisvaraturg on kogu perioodi vältel olnud hinnatasemelt ja aktiivsuselt juhtpositsioonil, reageerides majandustsüklitele kiiremini ja ulatuslikumalt, samas kui Lääne-Virumaa turg on väiksema mahu tõttu volatiilsem ja kriisidest aeglasemalt taastuv.Over the past three decades, the Estonian real estate market has been influenced by extensive economic and political changes, yet a comprehensive, data-driven overview of the development of built land prices has so far been lacking. The aim of this master’s thesis is to describe the price changes of residential and commercial land with buildings in Estonia during the period 1996–2024. The study relies on a qualitative descriptive methodology and uses data from the Estonian Land Board as well as official Euribor and Talibor sources. The analysis covers the entire country and two specific regions Harju County and Lääne-Viru County and the results are presented based on transaction numbers, average price, total area, and total value, using graphs and tables for data visualization.
The analysis of this master’s thesis revealed that residential and commercial land prices increased in the long term during 1996–2024, but went through distinct phases of growth and decline, following the classical real estate cycle. Price dynamics were most strongly influenced by economic cycles, monetary policy decisions, and geopolitical crises – including Estonia’s accession to the European Union in 2004, the global financial crisis of 2007–2009, the adoption of the euro in 2011, and the Covid-19 pandemic. Throughout the entire period, the Harju County real estate market has held a leading position in terms of price levels and activity, reacting more rapidly and extensively to economic cycles, while the Lääne-Viru market, due to its smaller scale, has been more volatile and slower to recover from crises
Assessing the yield potential of soybean maturity groups in different Ukrainian climatic zones
No full textReceived: March 31st, 2025 ; Accepted: August 21st, 2025 ; Published: August 28th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] the context of global climate change, increasing demands for food security, and the need to expand sources of plant-based protein, soybean is gaining particular importance as a highly productive and valuable agricultural crop. Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate the yield potential of soybean cultivars from different maturity groups under various agro-climatic conditions of Ukraine by analysing their adaptability, productivity, and stability. The objective was to justify the selection of maturity groups best suited for specific regions to ensure sustainable soybean production. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2023–2024 across three agro-climatic zones: Odesa (Steppe), Cherkasy (Forest-Steppe), and Zhytomyr (Polissia). A total of 26 early- and mid-maturing soybean cultivars of Ukrainian and foreign origin were evaluated. Adaptive variability was assessed using standard statistical methods. Results. Among early-maturing cultivars, Taverna, Eri, and Calgary showed superior individual productivity, surpassing the standard by 9–13% in seed weight per plant and reaching yields up to 3.15 t ha⁻¹ in Polissia. These cultivars demonstrated high plasticity and stability across environments. Among mid-maturing cultivars, ES Visitor and ES Collector delivered consistently high yields across all zones, exceeding the standard by 0.09–0.26 t ha⁻¹. Alicia also showed high productivity in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia, making it suitable for regions with moderate moisture. The highest average yield for early-maturing cultivars was recorded in Polissia (2.50 t ha⁻¹), and for mid-maturing ones - in the Forest-Steppe (2.68 t ha⁻¹). Regardless of the zone, Taverna, Eri, Calgary, ES Visitor, and ES Collector demonstrated stable and high productivity. Conclusions. The findings provide a basis for optimising cultivar selection and soybean production technologies, tailored to regional climatic conditions and challenges posed by climate change
Evaluation of agromorphological and grain physical traits in Greek barley accessions
No full textReceived: June 20th, 2025 ; Accepted: September 25th, 2025 ; Published: October 3rd, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study assessed the agromorphological and grain physical traits of twelve barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions, comprising eight Greek landraces and four cultivars, over two consecutive growing seasons (2022–2024). Significant genotypic effects and accession-by-year interactions were observed for most agromorphological traits, particularly plant height, spike morphology, and grain yield components. Grain physical characteristics, evaluated during one season, also revealed clear genotypic differentiation. Specific landraces, H1 (from Amorgos Island), H8 (from Pyrgos Region), and the old cultivar Athinaida, demonstrated high productivity and adaptability, performing comparable to, or even surpassing, modern cultivars under variable Mediterranean conditions Accessions originating from the Greek islands produced smaller but firmer grains, traits that likely reflect adaptation to arid environments, whereas those from the mainland and modern cultivars exhibited larger, less firm grains. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, integrating both agromorphological and grain physical traits, revealed consistent patterns of differentiation, grouping accessions according to their geographic origin and breeding status. These findings highlight the genetic value and adaptive potential of Greek barley landrace genetic material for breeding programs aiming to improve resilience, quality, and yield stability in low-input agricultural systems
Estonian University of Life Sciences Honorary Doctor Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
No full text2025. aastal promoveeriti Eesti Maaülikooli audoktoriks Kaunase Tehnikaülikooli professor Petras Rimantas Venskutonis.
In 2025, the title of Honorary Doctor of the Estonian University of Life Sciences was awarded to Professor Petras Rimantas Venskutonis of Kaunas University of Technology
Keskkonnaministeeriumi poolt finantseeritud TÖÖVÕTULEPING 4-1/21/129
No full textEesmärk. Uuringu eesmärgiks on hinnata angerjavarude seisundit Narva vesikonnas (eelkõige Võrtsjärves) ja seda mõjutavaid asjakohaseid näitajaid, mis on sisendiks kalandussektori riikliku töökava täitmiseks.Keskkonnaministeeriumi poolt finantseeritud TÖÖVÕTULEPING 4-1/21/129.Uuringut toetas Euroopa Merendus-, Kalandus- ja Vesiviljelusfond
Influence of fertilization on yield, nutritional and qualitative characteristics of potato tubers under different agro-climatic conditions in Armenia
No full textReceived: May 9th, 2025 ; Accepted: October 1st, 2025 ; Published: October 8th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study investigates the effects of mineral (N150P120K120, ‘Control-Treatment 1’) and organo-mineral fertilization (with 20 t ha⁻¹ of farmyard manure (FYM), ‘Treatment 2’, and 40 t ha⁻¹ of FYM, ‘Treatment 3’) on the yield, nutritional value, and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers under different agro-climatic conditions in Armenia. Field trials were conducted in two contrasting regions: Dasht village (Ararat Plain, 850 m a.s.l.) with cultivated irrigated meadow-fulvous soils, and Vahan village (Gegharkunik Highlands, 2000 m a.s.l.) with mountain black soils (chernozems). The research measured tuber yield, dry matter, starch, vitamin C, and protein content over three years (2019–2021). Application of T3 (NPK + 40 t ha⁻¹ FYM) significantly improved all measured indicators. Yield increased by up to 28%, dry matter by 10.8%, starch by 12.0%, vitamin C by 13.4%, and protein content by 14.4%. Climate conditions also had a significant impact on tuber productivity and composition. In chernozems, compared to irrigated meadow-fulvous soils, yield increased by 15.1–21.6%, and the content of dry matter, starch, and vitamin C increased by 3.1–8.7%. However, protein content was higher in the irrigated meadow-fulvous soils by 3.4–5.2%. These results demonstrate the importance of fertilization strategies tailored to specific agroecological zones and climatic trends, particularly in the context of climate change adaptation
Forage potential of six sugarcane cultivars for feeding ruminants
No full textReceived: July 10th, 2025 ; Accepted: October 6th, 2025 ; Published: October 21st, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study evaluated the productive, morphometric, and bromatological characteristics of six sugarcane cultivars (Regional, RB 865536, RB 867515, CTC2, CTC9001, and CTC9004M). The experiment began at UESB and continued at Fazenda Bela Vista, with evaluations conducted 3 to 18 months after planting. A randomized complete block design was used, with six cultivars per cultivar and four replicates. The cultivar CTC2 presented higher levels of lignin and indigestible neutral detergent fiber, while RB 865536 stood out for its hemicellulose content. The average contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and corrected neutral detergent fiber did not differ between cultivars, but there was variation in carbohydrate fractions. CTC9001 presented the highest value for fraction A (68.6%), while cultivar Regional and CTC9004M stood out in fraction B1+B2, and CTC2 and CTC9004M in fractions B3 and C, respectively. In the productive characteristics, CTC9004M presented the highest values of natural matter, dry matter, soluble carbohydrates, production and juice efficiency, standing out in yield. Regarding morphometric characteristics, CTC9001 showed advantages in leaf length and diameter, stem diameter, and leaf area, although there were no significant differences in plant height, tiller number, or leaf number. The cultivars have similar chemical and bromatological composition, agronomic characteristics, and growth behavior. CTC9004M demonstrated superior production efficiency, making it the most suitable option for forage use in semiarid conditions. Future studies should evaluate animal performance directly using these cultivars in feeding trials
Elevated growth [CO₂] enhances heat stress resistance of photosynthesis in young leaves of avocado (Persea americana)
No full textDescription: Data of gas exchange at control and recovery measured after heat stress in young-mature and old-mature leaves of avocado at multiple timepoints under two CO₂ regimes.
Methods: Young-mature and old-mature leaves of avocodo trees grown at either ambient (400 µmol mol⁻¹) or elevated [CO₂] (800 µmol mol⁻¹) were exposed to 48°C for 10 mins and recovery of gas exchange parameters were assessed at 0.25, 1, 3, 24, 48 h. All the measurement were carried out at 390 - 410 ppm. The chamber T was set at 24 C and leaf T was +-1 C of chamber T.
Outliers Handling: During data processing, the measurement for the Young-mature 800 (µmol mol⁻¹) Control treatment at timepoint 0.25h was identified as biologically unrealistic and was excluded from the analysis, as it likely reflected data irregularity. For this timepoint, the mean was calculated from the remaining four Control timepoints.Funding: This research was funded by the European Research Council (advanced grant 322603, SIP-VOL+), Estonian Research Council (PRG2207, Centre of Excellence AgroCropFuture TK200 and „Plant Biology Infrastructure TAIM”, TT5). The equipment used in the study was partly purchased from funding by the EU Regional Development Fund (AnaEE Estonia, 2014-2020.4.01.20-0285, and the project “Plant Biology Infrastructure-TAIM”, 2014-2020.4.01.20-0282)
Experimental investigation of corona discharge as a green technology for improving sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seed germination
No full textReceived: July 28th, 2025 ; Accepted: November 2nd, 2025 ; Published: November 3rd, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] bicolor (L.) Moench is a vital cereal crop widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions due to its notable drought tolerance and adaptability. Enhancing germination efficiency is crucial for improving crop establishment and overall productivity. This study explores the effects of negative DC corona discharge treatment (a non-thermal plasma-based seed priming method) on the germination. Sorghum seeds were exposed to voltages of 14, 18, 22, and 26 kV for durations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, with germination monitored over five days. After 24 hours, treatment at 22 kV for 15 minutes resulted in a 500% increase in germinated seeds compared to the control (18 vs. 3). By 48 hours, 18 kV for 15 minutes led to 40 germinated seeds versus 15 in the control group, marking a 166.7% improvement. The trend continued at 72 hours, with 44 seeds germinated under 22 kV for 15 minutes compared to 25 in untreated samples (76% increase). The 96-hour observation showed 44 germinated seeds at 22 kV for 5 minutes versus 28 in control (57.1% increase), while by 120 hours, 14 kV for 15 minutes produced 48 seeds compared to 32 in the control (50% increase). These results demonstrate that corona discharge treatment effectively accelerates early germination and enhances seed vigor, particularly under moderate voltage (14–22 kV) and exposure durations of 10–15 minutes, highlighting its potential as an eco-friendly strategy to boost sorghum crop performance
The influence of irrigation and seeding rates on the yield of female components lines of corn in conditions of unstable moisture in Ukraine
No full textReceived: January 13th, 2025 ; Accepted: May 26th, 2025 ; Published: July 8th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] regions with insufficient rainfall or different climates, the use of irrigation systems is an important element of corn growing technology. The variation in corn yield on non-irrigated lands is 533% and 200% greater than on irrigated lands. Corn yield also depends heavily on sowing density. The optimal plant density is an unstable value. Field studies were conducted in conditions of unstable moisture in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, which according to agro-climatic zoning belongs to the zone of unstable moisture. The experimental design included: assessment of the characteristics of weather conditions during the years of research (2021–2023) and their impact on seed yield (factor A); determination of seed productivity of female components linesof hybrids of different maturity groups P4/440, P5/320, P6/240 (factor B); the impact of growing hybrids with and without irrigation (factor C); the effect of different seeding rates on seed yield (60, 70, 80, 90 thousand seeds per ha-1) (factor D). The test results show that during the change in corn productivity depending on genetic properties, seeding rate and irrigation, the late-ripening hybrid P4/440 was characterized by the highest grain yield when grown under irrigation, with a seeding rate of 90 thousand similar seeds per ha-1 a decrease in the seeding rate from 90 to 80, 70, 60 seeding rate thousand seeds ha-1 was accompanied by a decrease in the yield of seeds of female components lines: in the early-ripening hybrid P6/240 - by 0.31, 0.63 and 1.10 t ha-1 or 5.7, 11.5 and 20.1%, in the mid-ripening hybrid P5/320 - by 0.59, 1.08 and 1.42 t ha-1 or 9.8, 17.9 and 23.5%, in the late-ripening hybrid P4/440 - by 0.39, 0.74 and 1.28 t ha-1 or 6.0, 11.4, 19.8%. The greatest influence on the formation of yield is the irrigation factor - 53%. Genetic properties influenced 28%. gradual increase in the yield of seeds of female components lines of culture when increasing the seeding rate from 60 to 70 thousand seeds ha-1 (by 0.01 t ha-1) and reaching a maximum at a rate of 80 thousand seeds ha-1 (by 0.05 t ha-1). But with an increase in the seeding rate to 90 thousand ha-1, the seed yield sharply decreased by 0.13 t ha-1. The highest yield in variants without irrigation was observed when using the minimum seeding rate - 60 thousand seeds ha-1. A gradual increase in the seeding rate without irrigation led to a negative result, in particular, a decrease in the average yield for corn hybrids by 0.07–0.31 t ha-1 or 1.8–7.9%. Hybrids reacted differently to the seeding rate and cultivation on rainfed and irrigated land. Early ripening hybrid P6/240, mid-ripening P5/320 and late-ripening P4/440 hybrids formed the highest seed yield when grown under irrigation with a seeding rate of 90 thousand seeds ha-1. When grown without irrigation, the best conditions for the formation of plant components and high yield were noted at the lowest seeding rate of 60 thousand seeds ha-1. The minimum seeding rate ensured the production of seeds with a high mass of 1,000 seeds