İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Loteprednol loaded nanoformulations for corneal delivery: Ex-vivo permeation study, ocular safety assessment and stability studies
No full textPurpose Loteprednol etabonate (LE) is a topical corticosteroid that is used in inflammatory and allergic conditions of the eye. Nanoformulations including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), and nanoemulsion (NE) of LE were prepared for increasing its ocular bioavailability and minimizing the risk of side effects. Methods Nanoformulations were prepared using hot emulsification and ultrasonication technique. The stabilities of the SLN, NLC, and NE were studied at different thermal conditions for 180 days. In this context, alterations in particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), viscosity, pH, %EE, and thermal behavior of the formulations were determined. Ex vivo corneal permeation study was performed, subsequently, the tape stripping approach was conducted for defining the LE amount that was blocked by the tear film layer. In addition, to determine the LE amount in epithelial tissue, a homogenization test was performed. Results the PS of the formulations was between 82.23 and 126.9 nm, and ZPs were between −20.8 mV and −24.6 mV. Furthermore, SLN, NLC, and NE formulations were found to be 2.05, 1.86, and 1.39 times higher LE retained in the cornea against the marketed product, respectively. Conclusion SLN, NLC, and NE might be alternative delivery systems by reducing the amount of LE for each dose and being used safely based on the results both of MTT and histopathological examinations as well
Timolol-loaded ethosomes for ophthalmic delivery: Reduction of high intraocular pressure in vivo
No full textThe beta-adrenoceptor blocker timolol maleate (TML) is a commonly used pharmaceutical agent for the management of glaucoma. Conventional eye drops have limitations due to biological or pharmaceutical factors. Therefore, TML-loaded ethosomes have been designed to mitigate these restrictions and give a viable solution for reducing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The ethosomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. Integrating the Box-Behnken experimental strategy, the optimal formulation was identified. The physicochemical characterization studies were performed on the optimal formulation. Then, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were conducted. The irritation assessment was also carried out with Hen's Egg Test–Chorioallantoic Membrane model (HET-CAM), and in vivo evaluation of the IOP lowering effect was also performed on rats. The physicochemical characterization studies demonstrated that the components of the formulation were compatible with each other. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) were found as 88.23 ± 1.25 nm, -28.7 ± 2.03 mV, and 89.73 ± 0.42 %, respectively. The in vitro drug release mechanism was found as Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics (R2=0.9923). The HET-CAM findings verified the formulation's eligibility for biological applications. The IOP measurements revealed no statistical difference (p>0.05) between the once-a-day application of the optimal formulation and the three-times-a-day application of the conventional eye drop. A similar pharmacological response was observed at lowered application frequencies. Therefore, it was concluded that the novel TML-loaded ethosomes could be a safe and efficient alternative for glaucoma treatment.Acıbadem University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit -- ABAPKO: 2022/01-3
Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kişilik tipleri ile ayrımcılık algıları: Korelasyonel bir çalışma
No full textAim: This study aimed to determine the personality types and discrimination perception levels of undergraduate nursing students at two private universities in Istanbul, Turkey, and assess whether personality affects perceptions of discrimination. Method: A descriptive, correlational study was conducted. Data were obtained from 172 nursing students who volunteered to participate in the study. ‘The Nurses’ Perceptions of Discrimination Scale’ was used to determine the degree to which the students perceived various behaviors as discriminatory, and the students’ personality types were assessed using the ‘Bortner Rating Scale–Short Form’. The data were collected online on the Internet. The relationship between students’ perceptions of discrimination and their Bortner type A/B personality traits was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Most of the students were 21-25 years of age (58.1%), female (63.4%), in the first or second year of the nursing program (67.5%), and not working (80.2%). Our results showed that most of the students had type A personality (66.9%) and high perceptions of discrimination (mean=110.83 on a scale of 30 to 150). There was no significant relationship between personality type and discrimination perception levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that nursing students are generally sensitive to discriminatory behaviors in the workplace and during patient care, but Bortner personality type is not a significant factor associated with perceptions of discrimination in nursing students. Studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to further contribute to the literature.Amaç: Araştırma, Türkiye'de İstanbul'da bulunan iki özel üniversitedeki hemşirelik lisans öğrencilerinin kişilik tiplerini ve ayrımcılık algı düzeylerini belirlemek ve kişiliğin ayrımcılık algılarını etkileyip etkilemediğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı olarak tasarlanan bu araştırma, araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 172 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin, hasta bakımında ve çalışma ortamında karşılaşılan bazı davranışları ne derece ayrımcılık olarak algıladığını belirlemek için ‘Hemşirelerde Ayrımcılık Algısı Ölçeği (HAAÖ)’ ve kişilik tiplerini belirlemek için ‘Bortner Derecelendirme Ölçeği-Kısa Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Veriler, online olarak internet ortamında toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin ayrımcılık algıları ile Bortner tipi A/B kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılarak incelenmiş olup, verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre öğrencilerin çoğu 21-25 yaş (%58,1), kadın (%63,4), hemşirelik bölümünün birinci veya ikinci yılında (%67,5) ve çalışmamaktadır (%80,2). Ayrıca, öğrencilerin çoğunun A tipi kişiliğe (%66,9) ve yüksek ayrımcılık algısına (30 ila 150 arasında bir ölçekte ortalama=110,83) sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kişilik tipi ile ayrımcılık algı düzeyleri arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin genel olarak iş yerinde ve hasta bakımı sırasında ayrımcı davranışlara karşı duyarlı olduklarını ancak Bortner kişilik tipinin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde ayrımcılık algısı ile ilişkili anlamlı bir faktör olmadığını düşündürmektedir. Literatüre daha fazla katkı sağlamak için daha büyük örneklem ile çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir
Molecular mechanisms of heat shock proteins in distinct diseases
No full textHeat shock proteins (HSPs) modulate the molecular mechanics of cells and cellular systems. Properly folded proteins are required for cellular processes and organisms use molecular mechanics to keep substrate proteins in their native state. Therefore, cellular compartments employ redundant isoforms of HSP to maintain substrate protein homeostasis and keep them functional. Hence, HSP folder function is critical for cell, HSPs are universally conserved. HSPs play essential roles in cellular signalling and in immune system besides their folder function. To this purpose, the roles of distinct HSP are described in this review to describe their molecular mechanisms in diseases
Briot–Bouquet subordination properties foranalytic functions Involvingchoi–Saigo–Srivastava integral operator
No full textWe consider a new subclass of starlike functions involving the Choi–Saigo–Srivastava integral operator associated with the sine function in open unit disc. In view of this function class, we examine majorization properties and Briot–Bouquet differential subordination relations for such functions
Fitoterapi
No full text"Fitoterapi", doğrudan bitkilerin veya bitkisel maddelerin sadece hastalıkların tedavisinde değil sağlıklı yaşam sürme ve / veya beslenmedeki roller de kapsıyor. Bilimsel değerlendirmeler sonucu "ilaç" olan, gelecekte de "ilaç" olabilecek maddelerin keşfedilebileceği, neredeyse tümü bitkilerle ilgili "etno-farmakolojik" araştırmalar, büyük önem taşıyor. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün 2015 yılı raporuna göre, dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlası sağlık yaşam sürebilmek veya tedavi olabilmek için bitkisel ürünleri kullanıyor (Burton, 2015)
The foundation process of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye
No full textCentral banks are one of the most important financial institutions that carry out the financing transactions of the state administrations. Central banks are institutions that produce money on behalf of the state and carry out monetary policies. The need for resources for war financing by governments has been influential in the establishment of central banks as joint stock companies in the world. The process, which is pointed out by the reasons why a central bank was not established or could not be established in the Ottoman Empire, clearly reveals the purpose of the establishment of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. In the historical development process, the Bank's basic duties and functions and its importance in the country's economy are clear. The duties of central banks have followed an increasing course throughout history. Unlike other banks, they were established to serve the public interest, not for profit. This study consists of two parts. In the first, the developments that prepared the establishment of the Central Bank will be examined together with the changes in the economic structure that started in the middle of the nineteenth Century in the Ottoman Empire. In the first years of the Republic, the Central Bank of Türkiye was established as a mixed-structured joint stock company with the law numbered 1715 on June 11, 1930, as a result of the search for a Central bank alongside the Turkish Economy and the Ottoman Bank, and the search for solutions that continued with the 1929 crisis. Laws and regulations enacted in 1970, 1983, 1990, 1999, and 2001 are excluded from this research. In the second part, the contribution of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye to the economic development of the country, as mentioned in its establishment purpose, will be examined through the financial reports of the first 5 years in the process starting from 1932. 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, and 1937 year-end reports and balance sheets and profit-loss account data will be expressed descriptively. The traces of the statist economic policy implemented in Türkiye will be shown by the monetary policy instruments implemented by the CBRT. In the period when a sound monetary and balanced budget policy is followed, there are no movements that will cause money and credit expansion
Using artificial intelligence methods for detection of HCV-Caused diseases
No full textThe Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) can cause chronic diseases and even lead to more serious conditions such as cirrhosis and fibrosis. Early detection of HCV infection is crucial to prevent these outcomes. However, in the early stages of infection, when symptoms are not yet evident, patients rarely undergo HCV testing. This highlights the need for alternative materials to guide HCV testing for early detection of the disease. In this study, we investigate the use of artificial intelligence technology to determine the disease status of individuals using blood data. A total of 615 individuals were included in the study. Preprocessing, filtering, feature selection, and classification processes were applied to the blood data. The correlation method was used for feature selection, where the features with high correlation values were selected and given as input to five different classification algorithms. The results of the study showed that the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm achieved the best classification success for detecting HCV patients, with a rate of 99.1%. This research demonstrates that artificial intelligence technology can be an effective tool for early detection of HCV-related diseases. The results indicate that the KNN algorithm can provide clear information about hepatitis infection from different blood values. Future studies can explore the use of other AI techniques and expand the sample size to improve the accuracy of the model
Influence of access cavity design on calcium hydroxide removal using different cleaning protocols: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of endodontic access cavities design on the removal of calcium hydroxide medication of the apical third of mandibular incisor root canal walls and dentinal tubules with different cleaning protocols: EDDY sonic activation, Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation, or conventional irrigation with IrriFlex. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight extracted human mandibular incisors were assigned to 6 experimental groups (n = 13) according to the endodontic access cavity and cleaning protocol for calcium hydroxide removal: traditional access cavity (TradAC)/EDDY; ultraconservative access cavity performed in the incisal edge (UltraAC.Inc)/EDDY; TradAC/Er,Cr:YSGG; UltraAC. Inc/Er,Cr:YSGG; TradAC/IrriFlex; or UltraAC.Inc/IrriFlex. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were used to measure the non-penetration percentage, maximum residual calcium hydroxide penetration depth, and penetration area at 2 and 4 mm from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and WRS2 package for 2-way comparison of non normally distributed parameters (depth of penetration, area of penetration, and percentage of non-penetration) according to cavity and cleaning protocol with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The effect of cavity and cleaning protocol interactions on penetration depth, penetration area and non-penetration percentage was not found statistically significant at 2 and 4 mm levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that TradAC or UltraAC.Inc preparations with different cleaning protocols in extracted mandibular incisors did not influence the remaining calcium hydroxide at 2 and 4 mm from the apex
Publication rates of congress abstracts is associated with abstract quality: Evaluation of Turkish National Medical Education Congresses and Symposia between 2010 and 2014 using MERSQI
No full textThere are many parameters that could be used to evaluate the quality of scientific meetings such as publication rates of meeting abstracts as full-text articles after the meeting or scoring with validated quality scales/tools that evaluate individual papers, project proposals, or submitted abstracts. This study aimed to determine the full-text publication rates for abstracts presented at Turkish National Medical Education Congresses and Symposia and to assess the quality of given abstracts. Abstracts presented at national medical education congresses and symposia between 2010 and 2014 in Türkiye were evaluated. Initially, the abstracts were evaluated if they were published as full-text articles in international and national peer-reviewed journals following the meeting. Secondly, the quality of presented abstracts was assessed with the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) scale. Overall publication rate for the abstracts was 11.3%. The publication rate of oral and poster presentations were 26.6% and 8.1%, respectively. Oral presentations had a statistically higher publication rate than poster presentations (p=.000). The mean MERSQI score for abstracts was 7.73±2.59. The oral presentations had higher MERSQI mean scores than poster presentations (8.28±2.46 vs. 7.61±2.6; p=.032). Similarly, published abstracts had a significantly higher score compared to unpublished abstracts (10.07±2.74 vs. 7.43±2.41; p=.000). Interestingly, there was no statistical difference between the mean MERSQI scores of the published oral and poster presentations (9.33±2.45 vs. 10.61±2.72; p=.101). This study showed that the main factor for a meeting abstract to be published as a fulltext article is the scientific quality of the study. The quality of presentations at annual medical education meetings in Türkiye were low compared with international meetings which did not improve over five years. An institutional policy that would set quality standards for medical education research and increase the awareness of researchers on the topic might help improve the design, execution, and reporting of such studies in Türkiye. The MERSQI could be a valuable tool to monitor the quality of submitted abstracts and to increase the awareness of novice researchers on high quality research