İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview focusing on emerging pharmaceutical treatment approaches
No full textCognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which may occur in various severities, represents one of the commonest and most disabling non-motor manifestations during the course of the disease, causing a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Eventually, it becomes a burden for the family members and/or the caregivers of patients, as it progresses to PD dementia. Current pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment in PD exhibit partial efficacy, while novel effective therapeutic strategies are required. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence shows that several agents may provide beneficial effects on patients with PD and cognitive impairment, including ceftriaxone, ambroxol, intranasal insulin, nilotinib, atomoxetine, mevidalen, blarcamesine, prasinezumab, SYN120, ENT-01, NYX-458, GRF6021, fosgonimeton, INT777, Neuropeptide S, silibinin, osmotin, cordycepin, huperzine A, fibroblast growth factor 21, Poloxamer 188, ginsenoside Rb1, thioredoxin-1, tangeretin, istradefylline, and Eugenia uniflora. Potential underlying mechanisms include the inhibition of a-synuclein aggregation, improvement of mitochondrial function, regulation of synaptic plasticity, impact on gut-brain axis, modulation of neuroinflammation, upregulation of neurotrophic factors, as well as cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and norepinephrine neurotransmission. In this overview, we aim to cover the clinical aspects of PD associated cognitive impairment, highlighting recent evidence on emerging treatment approaches that are currently under investigation at a preclinical and clinical level
Latent social impact: rethinking the next phase of social entrepreneurship
No full textSocial entrepreneurship models have been successfully addressing pressing social problems across the world. The efforts emphasise creating new social start-ups and supporting mature social enterprises. The self-positioning of social entrepreneurs is the foremost criterion to have all kinds of assistance despite their ability to create social value for local communities. This paper relates the Manifest and Latent Functions of value-creating entrepreneurs and proposes that unintended consequences (social value) of intended actions (entrepreneurial activity) are as stable as social entrepreneur identity and structure. In essence, in order to move the theory and practice forward, we need to use new theories that clarify the nature of social entrepreneurship in developing countries, explain the role of value-driven entrepreneurs in the economic system, and inform the research and practice that value-creating entrepreneurs who do not exhibit 'social mission' but are significantly creating a social impact
Development of an analytical strategy for the determination of trace lead in hibiscus tea extract by double slotted quartz tube assisted flame atomic absorption spectrometry after manganese ferrite based dispersive solid phase extraction
No full textIn this study, a manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) based dispersive solid phase extraction method (MF-DSPE) was proposed for the determination of lead (Pb) ions in hibiscus tea by double slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS). The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles used as sorbent were produced in high yields using a green and friendly microwave synthesis procedure. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 14.2 µg/L under the optimal conditions. Recovery experiments were performed to assess the applicability of the developed method using hibiscus tea as test sample matrix. High recovery results were obtained by applying the matrix matching calibration method. Thanks to the developed MF-DSPE-SQT-FAAS method, the detection sensitivity for lead was improved by about 108-folds according to the comparison of the slopes of the calibration plots of the FAAS and MF-DSPE-SQT-FAAS systems
Edge detection method driven by knowledge-based neighborhood rules
No full textEdge detection is a fundamental process, and therefore there are still demands to improve its efficiency and computational complexity. This study proposes a knowledge-based edge detection method to meet this requirement by introducing a set of knowledge-based rules. The methodology to derive the rules is based on the observed continuity properties and the neighborhood characteristics of the edge pixels, which are expressed as simple arithmetical operations to improve computational complexity. The results show that the method has an advantage over the gradient-based methods in terms of performance and computational load. It is appropriately four times faster than Canny method and shows superior performance compared to the gradient-based methods in general. Furthermore, the proposed method provides robustness to effectively identify edges at the corners. Due to its light computational requirement and inherent parallelization properties, the method would be also suitable for hardware implementation on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA)
A simple microwave-assisted synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and its application for the determination of lead ions in rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea
No full textIn this study, a magnetic sorbent assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method was used to preconcentrate lead ions from rooibos tea samples for determination by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS). Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 MNPs) were synthesized by microwave assisted digestion. Limits of detection and quantification were calculated as 5.3 and 17.6 µg/L, respectively, in a linear dynamic range of 20–800 µg/L. The enhancement factor of the developed method was found to be 80- folds when compared to the detection limit of the regular FAAS system. The percent recoveries obtained for rooibos tea samples spiked at different concentrations were in the range of 77 – 125%, with high repeatability as indicated by low standard deviations. The findings of the study demonstrated that the CoFe2O4 MNPs-based extraction method is a straightforward, fast, affordable, safe, and eco-friendly approach to qualifying/quantifying lead with high precision in the selected beverage sample
Digital health navigator: Preliminary work on a personal health assistant software for all health literacy level users in Turkey
No full textToday's digital health terminology is actually advanced med-ical technologies that include computer-assisted therapy, smartphone apps, and wearable technologies. These technologies offer significant po-tential for improving accees to immediate medical care, efficiency, clinical effectiveness, and personalization of many health problem therapies. In this paper. we will elobareate on the preliminary design steps of a per-sonalized health assistant application project (PHAS). The proposed ap-plication can be classified as a mobile health app and not a telemedicine application. The idea behind this application is to reduce the physicians' workload in hospitals while providing health care to the comm y with different health literacy levels by easily using the application when gen-eral assistance about any health issues or an overall health and wellness improvement is required
Computer-based analysis of bone shape structures from medical images: Research studies on hip joint
No full textİnsan iskelet sistemini oluşturan kemiklerin genel şekil hatlarının modellenmesi ve bu kemiklerde çeşitli faktörlere bağlı olarak meydana gelen şekil değişimlerinin sayısal analizi, klinik perspektiften oldukça kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Tıpta, özellikle de ortopedi ve travmatoloji disiplininde olmak üzere, çok çeşitli tıbbi görüntüleme cihazlarından alınan medikal görüntüler üzerinden vücut kemik bileşenleri görsel olarak incelenmekte ve yorumlanmaktadır. Günümüzde, mevcut bilgisayar teknolojisi ve güncel görüntü işleme tekniklerini içeren yazılım araçları, tıbbi görüntüler üzerinden kemiklerin ve diğer anatomik yapıların bilgisayar destekli şekil analizlerinin yapılmasına imkân vermekte ve bu sayede klinik değerlendirmelerde ciddi anlamda karar-destekleyici bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu bölümde, tıbbi görüntüler üzerinden kemik şekil yapılarının bilgisayar destekli analizine yönelik bir inceleme çalışması sunulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında özel olarak kalça eklemi ve proksimal femur üzerine yapılan şekil analiz araştırmalarına yoğunlaşılmış ve bu bağlamda, kemik şekillerini analiz etmek amacıyla kullanılan genel yöntemler, yaklaşımlar ve özgün teknikler ele alınmıştır.The modeling of the global shape structures of the human skeletal system bones and the quantitative analysis of the shape variations arising in these bones due to various factors are extremely important from the clinical perspective. In medicine, especially in the discipline of orthopedics and traumatology, bone components of the human body are visually analyzed and assessed through medical images taken from a wide variety of medical imaging devices. Contemporarily, the current state of computer technology and the software tools including state-of-the-art image processing techniques enable computer- aided shape analysis of the bones and other anatomical structures from medical images and, thus have a remarkable decision-supporting role in clinical evaluations. In this chapter, a survey study for the computer-aided analysis of bone shape structures on medical images is presented. Within the scope of the study, the shape analysis studies on the hip joint and proximal femur are focused on, and in this context, global methods, approaches and specific techniques used to analyze bone shapes are discussed
A novel HPLC method for selexipag in human plasma and application to a prototype pharmacokinetic study
No full textA novel simple and cost effective HPLC technique was presented for the quantification of selexipag (SLP) in human plasma sample and the technique’s applicability to a pharmacokinetic investigation. Chromatographic separation was achieved with C18 (5 μm 3 4.6 mm 3 150 mm) column, at 30 8C with isocratic elution, mobile phase composed of solution A (acetonitrile), and solution B (0.5% formic acid) (65:35 v/v) at flow rate 1.2 mL min 1 . The linearity range is 10–150 ng mL 1 . As sample preparation step human plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile and the detection was provided at 300 nm. The retention time is 8.20 ± 0.02 min. LOD is found to be 3.3 ng mL 1 for drug. The method was applied to the analysis of SLP in human plasma with good recovery as 97.83%. Validation of the studied methods was carried out according to EMA guideline. The new method applied on a prototype pharmacokinetic study by administration of 800 μg SLP to a healthy volunteer and parameters like AUC0–24, AUC0–∞, Cmax, tmax, and t1/2 were assessed
Yaşlılıkta travma sonrası stres bozuklukları ve profesyonel yaklaşım
No full textYaşlanma; organizmada hücre, doku ve sistemler bazında zamanla beliren, geriye dönüşü olmayan değişikliklerin tümünü kapsayan bir süreçtir. Bu süreç doğumla başlar ve organizmada birtakım değişikliklerin kendini göstermesiyle devam eder (1). Yaşlanma ile bireyde oluşan fizyolojik ve anatomik değişikliklerin genel işleyişi etkilemesiyle; duyusal zayıflıklar, kronik hastalıklar ve ruhsal problemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ülkemizde ortalama yaşam süresinin artmasıyla birlikte yaşlı nüfus artmakta ve yaşlılıkla ilişkili sorunlar da giderek daha çok önem kazanmaktadır (2)
Quantifying the ice test in halitosis patients
No full textObjectives: Odor is in the oral air when halitosis occurs orally. Because oral gases shrink when cooled, oral halitosis disappears when a piece of ice is placed in the patient's mouth. This physical phenomenon provides a basis for distinguishing oral from non-oral halitosis but has yet to be quantified. Material and methods: The records of 29 halitosis patients were retrospectively analyzed. Gas concentrations were measured with a portable gas detector (IBRID-MX6) before and after cooling the mouth with 1 × 1 × 2 cm ice for 30 s. Patients were asked to rate their halitosis. Tongue temperature and oral gas concentrations were compared with paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Results: The tongue cooled by an average of 13.09°C with ice (from 36.0 to 22.4°C). The mean values of the concentrations of VOC, NH3, H2S, and H2 decreased proportionally with cooling: 74.10%, 77.51%, 81.26%, and 96.12%, respectively. The self-reported halitosis score decreased from 4 to 0 (n = 29, p < 0001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the ice test suppresses oral gases in sufficient quantity to detect oral halitosis