İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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BIST sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde yer alan şirketlerin BIST 100 endeksindeki diğer şirketler ile getiri ve risk açısından karşılaştırılması
No full textBIST şirketleri arasından sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetleri değerlendirilerek seçilen 25 şirketin yer aldığı BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinin bu endekste yer almayan ancak BIST 100 endeksinde yer alan şirketler ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu karşılaştırma yapılırken şirketlere ait hisse senedi getirileri ve hisse senedi risklerinin 2023 Temmuz sonu ile 2024 Temmuz sonu arasındaki dönemi kapsayan 248 günlük veri seti kullanılmıştır. BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinde yer alan şirketlerin tümü aynı zamanda BIST 100 endeksinde de yer almaktadır. BIST 100 endeksinde yer alan şirketlerden sekizi incelenen dönem içinde ilk defa halka arz edildiğinden yeterli günlük verileri bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde yer almayan 75 BIST 100 firmasından 67’si analize dahil edilmiştir. Analizde kullanılan değişkenler hisse senedinin sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde yer alıp almadığını ifade eden iki kategoride incelenmiştir. Değişkenlerin günlük ortalama getirileri geometrik ortalama ile hesaplanmış ve bir diğer seri bu şekilde oluşturulmuştur. Hisse senetlerinin standart sapma değerlerini içeren başka bir seri de hisse senedi riskini temsilen kullanılmıştır. BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinde yer alan değişkenlerin getiri ve risk değerlerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik olup olmadığı t testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen t testi sonucuna göre BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinde yer alan firmalarla endekste yer almayan BIST 100 firmaları arasında hem hisse senedi riski hem de hisse senedi getirisi açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen dönem için BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinde yer alan firmaların daha yüksek oranda günlük getiri sağladığı ve daha düşük oranda riske sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yatırımcıların hisse senedine yatırım yaparken hisse senedinin sadece getirisine veya sadece riskine odaklanması hatalı seçim yapmasına sebep olabilir. Hisse seçimi yaparken hem getiriyi hem de riski dikkate alan değişim katsayısı göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Risk ve getiri değerleri kullanılarak oluşturulan değişim katsayısı, hisse senedine ait bir birim ilave getiri için katlanılan ilave risk oranını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuca göre BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinde yer alan şirketlerin getirilerinin anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek olması ve risklerinin de anlamlı bir şekilde düşük olması değişim katsayılarının da anlamlı bir şekilde düşük olacağı şeklinde ifade edilebilir.It is aimed to compare the BIST Sustainability 25 index, which includes 25 companies selected among BIST companies by evaluating their sustainability activities, with companies that are not included in this index but are included in the BIST 100 index. While making this comparison, a 248-day data set covering the period between the end of July 2023 and the end of July 2024 is used for the stock returns and stock risks of the companies. All companies included in the BIST Sustainability 25 index are also included in the BIST 100 index. Since eight of the companies in the BIST 100 index were initial public offering during the period analyzed, they do not have sufficient daily data. Therefore, 67 out of 75 BIST 100 companies that are not included in the sustainability index are included in the analysis. The variables used in the analysis are analyzed in two categories indicating whether the stock is included in the sustainability index or not. The daily average returns of the variables were calculated by geometric mean and another series was created in this way. Another series containing the standard deviation values of stocks is used to represent stock risk. Whether there is a significant change in the return and risk values of the variables in the BIST Sustainability 25 index is analyzed by t-test. According to the results of the t-test, it is concluded that there is a significant difference between the firms included in the BIST Sustainability 25 index and the BIST 100 firms not included in the index in terms of both stock risk and stock return. For the period analyzed, firms in the BIST Sustainability 25 index were found to have higher daily returns and lower risk. When investors invest in stocks, focusing only on the return or only on the risk of the stock may cause them to make the wrong choice. The coefficient of variation, which takes into account both return and risk, should be taken into account when choosing a stock. The coefficient of variation, which is constructed using risk and return values, expresses the additional risk ratio for one unit of additional return of the stock. According to the result obtained from this study, it can be stated that if the returns of the companies in the BIST Sustainability 25 index are significantly high and their risks are significantly low, their coefficients of variation will also be significantly low
Factors affecting fathers’ knowledge and attitudes towards vaccinations
No full textAmaç: Aşılar, çocukluk çağı enfeksiyon hastalıklarını önlemede en etkili araçlardır. Ebeveynlerin aşılar hakkındaki bilgi ve tutumları, aşılanma oranlarını etkileyen temel faktörlerden biridir. Anneler hakkında çok sayıda çalışma olmasına karşın babaların aşılar konusunda bilgi ve tutumlarını inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Çalışmamızın amacı, babaların ülkemizde uygulanan aşılar hakkındaki bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirerek aşılanmaya yaklaşımlarını belirlemek ve aşı karşıtlığına dair görüşleri öğrenmektir. Yöntem: Mayıs-Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında çocuk polikliniğine başvuran babaların aşılarla ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendiren kesitsel ve analitik bir çalışmadır. Etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra babalara sosyo-demografik bilgiler, gelir, eğitim düzeyi, çocuk sayısı, babaların aşı tutumu, bilgi düzeyi ve rutin dışı aşı düşüncelerini içeren anket formu uygulanarak aşılar hakkındaki bilgi ve tutumları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan babaların %33’ü aşılar hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin iyi olduğunu düşünse de babaların %14,1’inin çocuklarına uygulanan aşıları, %23’ünün aşıların hangi zamanlarda yapıldığını bilmediği bulundu. Babaların büyük çoğunluğu aşılar hakkında bilgi kaynağı olarak sağlık kuruluşlarını ve hekimleri kullanıyordu. Babaların %17,3’ü bugüne kadar çocuklarına aşı yaptırma konusunda en az bir kez kararsızlık yaşadığını belirtirken, aşı reddeden baba yoktu. Aşı kararsızlığının en sık nedeni (%78,1) aşı yan etkisi korkusu bulundu. Anne babanın eğitim düzeyi arttıkça, babaların çocukluk çağı aşıları konusunda olumlu düşüncelerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Aşılama, toplum sağlığını korumada önemli bir rol oynar. Ailelere doğru bilgi sağlanması, aşı karşıtlığını azaltmak ve aşı oranlarını artırmak için önemlidir. Sağlık çalışanlarının güvenilir bilgi sunması, ailelerin aşılara olumlu yaklaşımını ve aşı oranlarını artırma konusunda etkili bir faktördürObjective: Vaccines are the most effective tools in preventing childhood infectious diseases. Parents’ knowledge and attitudes about vaccines are fundamental factors influencing vaccination rates. While there are numerous studies about mothers, research examining fathers’ knowledge and attitudes on vaccines is limited. Our study aims to assess fathers’ knowledge and attitudes about vaccines administered in our country, determine their approach to vaccination, and understand their views on vaccine hesitancy. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study evaluating fathers’ knowledge and attitudes about vaccines was conducted between May and July 2022 among fathers visiting the pediatric clinic. After obtaining ethical approval, fathers were administered a questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, income, education level, number of children, fathers’ vaccine attitude, knowledge level, and non-routine vaccine considerations to assess their knowledge and attitudes about vaccines. Results: While 33% of participating fathers considered their vaccine knowledge good, 14.1% didn’t know their children’s vaccines, and 23% were unaware of vaccination timing. The majority of fathers used healthcare institutions and physicians for information about vaccines. While 17.3% experienced hesitancy about vaccinating their children, none outright refused. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy (78.1%) was the fear of vaccine side effects. As parental education levels increased, the positive attitudes of fathers towards childhood vaccinations also increased. Conclusion: Vaccination plays a crucial role in maintaining public health. Providing accurate information to families is important to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination rates. Healthcare professionals offering reliable information is an effective factor in fostering positive attitudes toward vaccines and increasing vaccination rates
Non‑cirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension: APASL recommendations for diagnosis and management
No full textSince the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) published guidelines on non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension in 2007, there has been a surge in new information, especially with the introduction of the term porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD). Non-cirrhotic intra-hepatic causes of portal hypertension include disorders with a clearly identifiable etiology, such as schistosomiasis, as well as disorders with an unclear etiology such as non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), also termed idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). This entity is being increasingly recognized as being associated with systemic disease and drug therapy, especially cancer therapy. An international working group with extensive expertise in portal hypertension was assigned with formulating consensus guidelines to clarify the definition, diagnosis, histological features, natural history, and management of NCPF/IPH, especially in the context of PSVD. The guidelines were prepared based on evidence from existing published literature. Whenever there was paucity of evidence, expert opinion was included after detailed deliberation. The goal of this manuscript, therefore, is to enhance the current understanding and help create global consensus on the issues surrounding NCPF/IPH
İnfertilitede güncel yaklaşım: Beslenme ve yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri
No full textDünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) infertiliteyi, çiftin en az 1 yıl ve daha fazla korunmadan, düzenli cinsel ilişkiye rağmen döllenmenin gerçekleşmemesi olarak tanımlamaktadır. Dünya çapında yaklaşık her altı kişiden birinde infertilite görülmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, 12 aylık kısırlığa ilişkin dönem ve yaşam boyu tahmin aralığını, kadın katılımcılarla karşılaştırıldığında, erkek katılımcılar için daha az ve daha düşük olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Bu durumun kadına veya erkeğe bağlı birçok nedeni olabilmekle birlikte etiyolojisi bilinememektedir. İnfertilite tedavisinde yardımcı üreme teknolojisi uygulanabilmektedir. Bunun yanında bilimsel gelişmeler ve yapılan çalışmalarla yardımcı üreme teknolojisinin başarılı olması veya infertilite oranının azalması, değiştirilebilir yaşam tarzıyla da ilişkili bulunmuştur. İnfertilite tedavisinde yardımcı üreme teknolojisi ve değiştirilebilir yaşam tarzı önemli bir bütüncül yaklaşımdır. Doğurganlığı etkileyen beslenme gibi çevresel faktörlerin belirlenmesi, klinik ve halk sağlığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak beslenmenin hem erkeklerde hem de kadınlarda üreme performansı ile ilişkili olabileceği konusu giderek artan bir kabul olsa da, üreme çağındaki çiftler için hala resmi bir kılavuz bulunmamaktadır. Bu derleme makalesinde beslenme, oral antioksidan tedavisi gibi değiştirilebilir yaşam tarzı müdahalelerinin kadın ve erkek kaynaklı infertilitede doğurganlığın sağlanmasında etkili olabileceğine değinilmektedir.The World Health Organization (WHO) defines infertility as the inability to achieve fertilization despite engaging in regular unprotected sexual intercourse for a duration of at least one year or more. Globally, it is estimated that approximately one in every six couples experiences infertility. WHO has indicated that the duration and lifetime risk estimates for infertility are lower for male participants compared to female participants. Despite the multifactorial nature of infertility and its unclear etiology, assisted reproductive technology (ART) serves as a viable treatment option. Furthermore, scientific advancements have highlighted the impact of modifiable lifestyle factors on the success of ART and the reduction of infertility rates. Both ART and modifiable lifestyle factors are integral components of a comprehensive approach to infertility treatment. The identification of environmental determinants, particularly nutrition, that affect fertility is of significant importance from both clinical and public health perspectives. However, despite the increasing recognition of the association between nutrition and reproductive performance in both genders, there remains a lack of official guidelines for couples of reproductive age. This review article underscores the potential effectiveness of modifiable lifestyle interventions, such as nutrition and oral antioxidant therapy, in promoting fertility in both male and female infertility cases
Effects of oxytocin induction on early postpartum hemorrhage, perineal integrity, and breastfeeding: A case-control study
No full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the postpartum hemorrhage, perineal integrity, and breastfeeding results of mothers who underwent oxytocin induction in the first stage of labor in the early postpartum period. METHODS: This single-center observational case–control study was conducted in the obstetric unit of a public hospital in Istanbul. The study sampling included 44 pregnant women who received oxytocin induction (case group) and 44 pregnant women who did not receive oxytocin (control group). The Personal Information Form, LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation Scale, and Postpartum Hemorrhage Collection Bag were used in data collection, and pad follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: The amount of hemorrhage in the first 24 h of the postpartum period and the mean Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation Scale score were significantly higher in the case group. While 47.7% of the oxytocin-induced women had 1st or 2nd, and 11.4% had 3rd or 4th degrees of lacerations, 20.5% of the control group had 1st or 2nd, and 2.3% had 3rd or 4th degrees of lacerations. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool in both groups. CONCLUSION: According to the study findings, it was determined that oxytocin induction administered in the first stage of labor increased hemorrhage and perineal trauma in the early postpartum period but did not affect the results of breastfeeding
Nuclei instance segmentation in colon histology images with YOLOv7
No full textIn histology image analysis, instance-based nuclei segmentation is one of the challenging tasks within the segmentation-guided studies since it is quite troublesome to detect each distinct nuclei instance of each nuclei type in images in contrast to the semantic segmentation in which all the image pixels of a nuclei type are labelled with the same mask ID although the segmented region may comprise of multiple instances. In this paper, an instance-based medical image segmentation task is addressed, and in this context, instances of multiple types of nuclei in colon histology images are aimed to be delineated distinctly. For the instance-based segmentation of the nuclei in colon histology images, the YOLOv7 algorithm and its built-in instance segmentation module are utilized. In the experimental studies performed on Colon Nuclei Identification and Counting (CoNIC) Challenge 2022 colon histology image dataset by using a 5-fold cross-validation performance evaluation strategy, nuclei instances belonging to 6 classes as the neutrophil, epithelial, lymphocyte, plasma, eosinophil and connective were segmented. To calculate the overall system accuracy, the quantification metrics of mean average precision (mAP) and mean panoptic quality (mPQ) were measured. In performance evaluations, quite promising accuracy values were obtained. The mAP values of 0.2885 and 0.2903, and mPQ values of 0.1659 and 0.1704 were observed by using the YOLOv7 algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nuclei instance segmentation study with YOLOv7
Foramen zygomaticotemporale’nin os zygomaticum üzerindeki lokalizasyonu ve diğer foramenler ile ilişkisi
No full textBackground: The zygomaticotemporal foramen (ZTF) is located in the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone. The zygomaticotemporal branch, a zygomatic nerve (V2) branch, passes through it and distributes in the fore head and temporal region. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of ZTF and its connections with other foramina in the zygomatic bone. Materials and Methods: A total of 171 unilateral zygomatic bones in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University were included in our study. The number(s) of ZTF and its relationship with other foramina were determined. The distances between the ZTF and the marginal tubercle and frontozygomatic su ture were measured. Results: A total of 328 ZTFs were found in 171 zygomatic bones. In total, 95 of the 328 ZTFs were found to be connected to other foramina through a canal. The vertical distance between the ZTF and the marginal tubercle as well as the frontozygomatic suture were measured as mean 9.26+2.12mm and 21.78+2.48mm, respectively. The transverse distance from the ZTF and the marginal tubercle was measured as 5.46+1.56mm. Conclusions: he ZTF is an important anatomical component with implications for interventions on the zygomatic bone. The incidence and location of the ZTF may differ between individuals and between one side of the same individual. It has provided plastic surgeons and anaesthetists with detailed anatomical findings for the protec tion of the zygomaticotemporal nerves passing through the relevant foramen and thus at risk of injury.Amaç: Foramen zygomaticotemporale (FZT), os zygomaticum’un facies temporalis’inde yer alır. Nervus zygo maticus’un (V2) bir dalı olan ramus zygomaticotemporalis buradan geçerek alın ve temporal bölgede dağılır. Çalışmamızın amacı, FZT'nin sıklığını ve os zygomaticum’daki diğer foraminalarla olan bağlantılarını belirlemek tir. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamıza İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp FakültesiAnatomi Anabilim Dalı'nda tek tara flı 171 zigomatik kemik dahil edildi. FZT'nin sayısı ve diğer foraminalar ile ilişkisi belirlendi. FZT ile tuberculum marginale ve sutura frontozygomatica arasındaki mesafeler ölçüldü. Bulgular: 171 zigomatik kemikte toplam 328 FZT bulundu. Toplam 328 FZT'nin 95'inin bir kanal aracılığıyla diğer foraminalara bağlandığı tespit edildi. FZT ile tuberculum marginale ve sutura frontozygomatica arasındaki vertikal mesafe sırasıyla ortalama 9,26+2,12mm ve 21,78+2,48mm olarak ölçüldü. ZTF ile marjinal tüberkül arasındaki transvers mesafe 5,46+1,56mm olarak ölçüldü. Sonuç: ZTF, zigomatik kemiğe yapılacak müdahaleler açısından önemli bir anatomik bileşendir. FZT'nin insidansı ve yeri bireyler arasında ve aynı bireyin bir tarafı arasında farklılık gösterebilir. Plastik cerrahlara ve anestezistlere ilgili foramenden geçen ve bu nedenle yaralanma riski taşıyan nervus zygomaticotemporalis’in korunması için ayrıntılı anatomik bulgular sağlamıştır
RNA splicing aberrations in hereditary cancer: Insights from Turkish patients
No full textThe process of RNA splicing is fundamental in contributing to proteomic diversity and regulating gene expression. Dysregulation of splicing is associated with various human disorders, including cancer. Through functional studies, this study sought to examine the potential impact of seven variants within six inherited cancer-related genes on RNA splicing patterns in Turkish cancer patients. Upon detecting variants using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we used Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing to elucidate the effects of these variants on splicing. Three of the seven variants demonstrated no discernible effect on RNA, while four exhibited pathogenic characteristics. Specifically, the variants APC c.532-1G>A rs1554072547, BRCA1c.4358-3A>G rs1567779966, BRCA2c.7436-1G>C rs81002830 and MSH3c.1897- 1G>A rs1744149615 were identified as pathogenic, while the variants BLMc.4076+4T>G rs183176301, RB1c.2489+2T>C rs1555294636 and RB1c.1050-2A>G rs? were found to be benign from a splicing perspective. These findings highlight the importance of verifying the precise consequences of splice site variants through experimental analysis, given their potential implications for genetic disorders and cancer predisposition. This research contributes to the understanding of splice-site variants in inherited cancer predisposition, particularly among Turkish cancer patients. It emphasizes the necessity for further exploration into the mechanisms and functional consequences of alternative splicing for potential therapeutic interventions in cancer.This research was funded by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Istanbul University, Project No: TDK-2018-3048
Microwave-assisted synthesis of antimony oxide nanoparticles for the determination of trace cadmium in mulberry leaf tea matrices by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
No full textIn this study, a rapid, sensitive and accurate analytical method was optimized for the determination of trace levels of cadmium (Cd) by fame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) after antimony oxide nanoparticles (AO NPs)-based dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE). The AO-NPs were synthesized with a specifc microwave tem perature program, and they exhibited high purity and good surface morphology, making them appropriate sorbent material for the preconcentration/separation of a heavy metal. All experimental parameters afecting the extraction efciency were optimized univariately. Under the optimum operational conditions (35 mL sample volume, 0.75 mL of pH 8.0 bufer, 15 mg of sorbent, 5 s vortex and 100 µL of 1.0 M of HNO3), the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were determined as 0.27 and 0.89 µg L−1, respectively. Thanks to the developed method, a 164.8-fold improvement in the sensitivity of the conventional FAAS system was achieved. Reusability tests showed that the AO-NPs can be employed 5 times. The feasibility of the method was confrmed by recovery tests with mul berry leaf tea matrices, and good recovery results between 77.6 and 115.8% were obtained using the matrix matching calibration method
Food engineers’ attitudes and purchasing intentions towards genetically modified organism products
No full textBackground: Biotechnological developments have resulted in the modification of the genetic structures of many organisms. However, the possibility of risks in terms of human health has caused consumers to approach products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with suspicion. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their effects on purchase intentions. Methods: For this purpose, an attitude scale towards GMO products was adapted, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed by applying the adapted questionnaire. Results: It has been determined that the negative attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their purchasing intentions have an effect. Attitudes toward the use of gene technology in production were determined with 17% as the most effective dimension of purchase intention, and it was found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, it was determined that food engineers were concerned about the potential risk of GMO foods. In order to overcome these concerns, it is thought that eliminating the lack of knowledge of this professional group on gene technology should be planned as a strategic goal