İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Cognitive behavioral therapy in cancer
No full textCancer is not just a biological disease; it also impacts patients on psychological, social, and cultural levels. This chapter emphasizes that cancer patients often face challenges such as anxiety, depression, social isolation, and cultural stigma, which can worsen their mental health and hinder treatment adherence. By addressing cognitive distortions, enhancing social support, and respecting cultural beliefs, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps patients manage their symptoms, reframe negative thoughts, and engage in meaningful activities. Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, and mindfulness are highlighted as effective interventions that improve patient’s quality of life and psychological resilience. The chapter also discusses the integration of culturally sensitive CBT and using assessment tools to tailor treatments to individual needs, underscoring the holistic approach necessary for cancer care. This chapter presents the foundational theory and model of CBT, followed by a detailed examination of its implementation in cancer care. A representative case study will also be provided, including case formulation and treatment planning
Red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio and other hematological markers as early predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
No full textBackground/Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently affects preterm infants and is associated with lasting morbidity. Early prediction remains challenging. The present study investigated whether hematological inflammatory markers—platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR)—can predict the development of BPD in preterm neonates. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study involving 100 infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters were collected at birth, 72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks of life. Associations between PLR, RDW, RPR, and BPD development were analyzed. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were carried out to evaluate the predictive performance of the markers. Results: Forty-nine percent of infants developed BPD. Those with BPD had significantly higher RDW, PLR, and RPR values, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts at various time points. Gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, and hematological indices independently predicted BPD. ROC analysis showed that RDW ≥ 67.2 and PLR ≥ 98.13 at 72 h, and RPR ≥ 0.3 at 7 and 14 days had good predictive performance. A combined scoring system, including clinical and hematological markers, achieved high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Hematological inflammatory markers, especially RPR, PLR, and RDW, derived from routine CBC tests may serve as accessible, cost-effective tools for early BPD risk stratification in preterm infants. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and better define their relevance in clinical practice
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): The ‘Kyoto consensus’-steps from Asia
No full textAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplanta tion. There have been various defnitions proposed worldwide. The frst consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacifc Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the “APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)” was formed in 2012. The AARC database has prospectively collected nearly 10,500 cases of ACLF from various countries in the Asia–Pacifc region. This database has been instrumental in developing the AARC score and grade of ACLF, the concept of the ‘Golden Therapeutic Window’, the ‘transplant window’, and plasmapheresis as a treatment modality. Also, the data has been key to identifying pediatric ACLF. The European Association for the Study of Liver-Chronic Liver Failure (EASL CLIF) and the North American Association for the Study of the End Stage Liver Disease (NACSELD) from the West added the concepts of organ failure and infection as precipitants for the development of ACLF and CLIF-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and NACSELD scores for prognostication. The Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) added COSSH-ACLF criteria to manage hepatitis b virus-ACLF with and without cirrhosis. The literature supports these defnitions to be equally efective in their respective cohorts in identifying patients with high mortality. To overcome the diferences and to develop a global consensus, APASL took the initiative and invited the global stakeholders, including opinion leaders from Asia, EASL and AASLD, and other researchers in the feld of ACLF to identify the key issues and develop an evidence-based consensus document. The consensus document was presented in a hybrid format at the APASL annual meeting in Kyoto in March 2024. The ‘Kyoto APASL Consensus’ presented below carries the fnal recommendations along with the relevant background information and areas requiring future studies
Cytolytic vaginosis in women with vaginitis: Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment
No full textObjectives: Vaginitis is an inflammatory condition of the vagina, which often manifests with symptoms like discharge, foul odor, and pruritus. The most commonly recognized forms are candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and trichomoniasis, but conditions like cytolytic vaginosis (CV) remain under-recognized and frequently misdiagnosed in clinical practice despite its notable prevalence. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CV in patients with vaginitis, assess the specificity of the diagnostic criteria for CV, and investigate the efficacy of CV treatments. Design: This study is a prospective diagnostic study. Participants/Materials, Setting: A total of 81 patients (aged 20–55 years) with symptoms of vaginitis, and 30 control participants without these symptoms were enrolled. Methods: Vaginal samples were analyzed for Trichomonas vaginalis, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and BV and CV. Vaginal samples were evaluated using Gram staining, pH measurement, and microbiological culture to identify causative agents. CV was diagnosed based on the low vaginal pH, presence of abundant lactobacilli, cytolysis of the vaginal epithelium, false clue cells, and naked nuclei in Gram staining. Results: The study found that CV was the most prevalent diagnosis, accounting for 32.1% of cases. This was followed by BV (22.2%) and VVC (14.8%). The most common symptoms among CV patients were vaginal discharge, pruritus, and dysuria. Vaginal discharge characteristics did not significantly distinguish CV from other forms of vaginitis. A recurrence rate of 61.5% was observed in CV patients, highlighting the recurrent nature of the condition. Sodium bicarbonate sitz baths effectively relieved symptoms in many patients (58.8%). Limitations: The number of patients receiving treatment is low, and the treatment follow-ups could have been conducted over a longer period, considering the menstrual cycle. Conclusions: The study highlights the diagnostic challenge of CV, where common symptoms overlap with other forms of vaginitis, leading to potential treatment failures. CV treatment, including NaHCO3 sitz baths, showed moderate efficacy, but further research is needed to establish more effective therapeutic strategies. Our findings underscore the importance of considering CV in the differential diagnosis of vaginitis as it remains an overlooked condition that significantly contributes to recurrent vaginitis. Further studies with larger sample sizes and better treatment protocols are needed to enhance the management of this condition
Nanocrystal based approach in colon targeting
No full textNanocrystals have unique characteristics among of the drug delivery systems in nanosized through high drug loading, favorable effects on pharmacokinetics, reduced toxicity, and easy of scaling-up. Nanocrystals are basically active pharmaceutical ingredient particles in the nanometer range, which is described generally as nanosuspension since they are produced by surrounding a stabilizer and suspending in a dispersion media. They can be administered via oral, buccal, nasal, pulmonary, parenteral, and ocular routes with different formulation technologies or brain delivery of nanocrystals. In recent years, there has been increased interest in colon-targeting nanocrystals where chitosan-derived stabilizers, pH-sensitive and time-released approaches, coating, and encapsulation strategies are being preferred. In this chapter, the features of drug nanocrystals, the principles of their manufacturing methods as well as stabilization mechanism of nanocrystals, and stabilizer agents used for their production and stabilization of the nanosuspension are handled out and the strategies focus on colon-targeting of nanocrystals drug delivery will be summarized. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
Developing the menstrual migraine symptoms scale
No full textObjective: The objective of this study was to develop the Menstrual Migraine Symptoms Scale (MMSS). Methods: The study utilized a robust methodological design with a sample size of 582 participants. The data underwent a comprehensive analysis employing various statistical techniques, including item analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for test‐retest reliability. Results: The two sub‐dimensions of the scale, consisting of 19 items, demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.932 to 0.970. Furthermore, the total scale exhibited a high level of internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.976. The item correlation values within the scale ranged from 0.741 to 0.921, indicating strong relationships between the items. Conclusion: The study findings conclusively demonstrated the validity and reliability of the MMSS as a robust measurement tool specifically designed for assessing female individuals
Lowered phase transition temperature of VO2(m) via molybdenum doping toward efficient aqueous zinc-ion batteries
No full textRechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted considerable attention as large-scale energy storage systems owing to their safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. However, their practical application has been hindered by limited energy density, primarily determined by cathode performance. Among transition metal oxides, vanadium dioxide (VO2) is particularly appealing due to its layered structure, rich polymorphism, and ability to host Zn2+ ions reversibly. The thermally driven transition from insulating VO2(M) to conductive VO2(R) enhances charge transport through the metal–insulator transition (MIT). In this work, molybdenum doping is employed to lower the MIT temperature of VO2(M). Doping reduces the MIT temperature of the VO2(M) phase to 56.7 °C, resulting in the VO2(R) phase. Electrochemical measurements reveal that Mo-VO2(R) cathodes deliver up to ten times higher capacity than the pristine VO2(M), with 3Mo-VO2(R) reaching 404.8 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1. These findings demonstrate that Mo doping serves as a practical approach to modify VO2(M) and decrease the MIT temperature, while improving electrochemical performance. Moreover, the heteroatom doping strategy suggests a promising pathway for developing other VO2 cathodes for efficient rechargeable batteries, which can leverage the heat dissipated in energy storage systems
Unleashing the hidden potential: The transformative influence of occupational health and safety education on chemical engineers
No full textOccupational Health and Safety (OHS) education plays a crucial role in shaping the professional development of chemical engineers, equipping them with the necessary knowledge and skills to ensure workplace safety and prevent occupational hazards. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of the impacts of OHS education on chemical engineers, focusing on its role in enhancing awareness, knowledge acquisition, and practical application. The study explores the influence of OHS education on promoting a safety culture, improving risk assessment and management practices, and fostering a proactive approach towards identifying and mitigating occupational hazards. It also investigates the effects of OHS education on job satisfaction, professional growth, and career opportunities within the chemical engineering field. By analyzing relevant literature and case studies, this review provides valuable insights into the positive outcomes resulting from integrating OHS education into the curriculum at universities. The findings emphasize the significance of OHS education in cultivating competent and safety-conscious chemical engineers who contribute to sustainable and responsible industrial practices
Optimization of bioactive compounds and sensory quality in thermosonicated black carrot juice: A study using response surface methodology, gradient boosting, and fuzzy logic
No full textThis study investigates the optimization of bioactive components in thermosonicated black carrot juice using response surface methodology (RSM) and gradient boosting (GB) modeling techniques. Thermosonication, a combination of ultrasound and heat, was applied to enhance the nutritional quality of black carrot juice, which is rich in anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants. The study examined the effects of temperature, processing time, and ultrasonic amplitude on total carotenoid content (TCC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total phenolic content. RSM demonstrated higher prediction accuracy compared to GB, identifying optimal processing conditions at 48.68 °C, 11.15 minutes, and 82.62% amplitude. Thermosonication significantly increased total phenolic content to 414.28 mg GAE/L, surpassing traditional pasteurization. Sensory analysis, conducted via fuzzy logic, indicated improved sensory properties, including aroma, taste, and color, in thermosonicated samples. This study undercomes thermosonication as a promising method for improving both bioactive compounds and sensory quality in black carrot juice. Chemical compounds Chlorogenıc acid (PubChem CD:1794427); caffeic acid (PubChem CD: 689043); vanillin (PubChem CD: 1183); rutin (PubChem CD: 5280805); naringin (PubChem CD: 442428); rosmarinic acid (PubChem CD: 5281792); t-ferulic acid (PubChem CD: 445858); o- coumaric acid (PubChem CD: 637540); (PubChem CD: quercetin 5280459); 4-hyroxybenzoic acid (PubChem CD: 135)
Surgical anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery: Complex morphometry and morphological analysis of its origin and relations
No full textBackground The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and posterior communicating artery (PComA) are critical vessels with significant anatomical variations. Detailed knowledge of their morphometry and origin is essential for neurovascular surgery and understanding cerebrovascular pathology. Methods This study was conducted on 62 fresh cadavers (124 hemispheres). The external diameters of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and PComA were measured. The AChA was clas sified based on its origin: Type 1 (from the ICA), Type 2 (from the ICA bifurcation), or Type 3 (from the PComA). The distance from the AChA origin to the PComA origin was measured for each type. The circumferential origin of the AChA from the ICA was also documented. Results The mean external diameter of the ICA was 3.77±0.77 mm. The proximal, middle, and distal external diameters of the PComA were 1.01±0.49 mm, 0.97±0.48 mm, and 0.90±0.45 mm, respec tively, with a mean length of 14.82±4.74 mm. The AChA originated from the ICA (Type 1) in 76.9% of hemispheres, from the ICA bifurcation (Type 2) in 21.4%, and from the PComA (Type 3) in 1.7%. The distance between the AChA and PComA origins differed significantly between types, being greatest for Type 2 (4.73±1.16 mm) compared to Type 1 (3.98±1.23 mm) (p=0.001). The AChA most commonly arose from the posterior wall of the ICA (84.68%). Conclusion This study provides detailed morphometric data on the AChA and PComA in a Turkish/Caucasian population, revealing a notably high prevalence of the AChA originating from the ICA bifurcation. The significant difference in the AChA-PComA distance based on the origin type may have important implications for surgical planning and hemodynamic modeling, underscoring the clinical relevance of these anatomical variations