İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Influence of drying methods on redispersibility and dissolution of canagliflozin nanocrystals: A comparative approach
No full textBackground/Objectives: Canagliflozin (CFZ) is the first sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor and is characterized by poor water solubility and permeability, resulting in low oral bioavailability. In this study, a CFZ nanosuspension (CFZ-NS) was converted into a solid form to improve the physical stability of CFZ nanocrystals (CFZ-NCs) and to enable formulation as a tablet dosage form. Methods: To achieve adequate redispersibility of dried CFZ-NCs, fluid bed granulation and spray-drying methods were employed, and the effects of critical process parameters were investigated. The stability of spray dried nanocrystal tablets (NCs-SD-TAB) was evaluated over a three-month period under storage conditions of 25 ± 2 ◦C with 60 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and 40 ± 2 ◦C with 75 ± 5% RH. Results: The highest redispersibility index (94%) was obtained using the spray-drying method. Tablets prepared with spray-dried NCs-SD-TAB exhibited a significantly higher in vitro dissolution rate under non-sink conditions compared with control tablets prepared using unprocessed CFZ with the same excipients, as well as the marketed product. NCs-SD-TAB showed an approximately three-fold increase in drug release at 15 min in 0.1 N HCl, with a pH 4.5 acetate buffer and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, which simulate gastrointestinal pH conditions, relative to the marketed product. Conclusions: Overall, these results indicate that nanocrystal technology represents a promising approach for CFZ as an improved oral drug-delivery system, primarily due to its solubility enhancement capabilities.This research was supported by Abdi ˙Ibrahim Pharmaceuticals within the scope of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK)-2244 Industrial PhD Fellowship Program, grant number 118C081.
Bu araştırma, Türkiye Bilim ve Teknolojik Araştırma Konseyi (TÜBİTAK)-2244 Endüstriyel Doktora Bursu Programı kapsamında, 118C081 numaralı hibe ile Abdi İbrahim İlaç tarafından desteklenmiştir
Boric acid mitigates alcohol-induced renal podocyte injury, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in HBV transgenic mice
No full textChronic alcohol consumption exacerbates kidney injury, particularly in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study investigated the protective effects of boric acid supplementation against alcohol-induced renal damage in HBV transgenic mice. HBV transgenic mice were divided into four groups: control (C), boric acid (B), alcohol (A), and alcohol + boric acid (A + B). Renal injury was evaluated using H&E, PAS, TUNEL, and desmin staining. The expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c, and APAF-1 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Biochemical analyses included BUN, creatinine, oxidative stress markers (ROS, MDA, TOS, OSI), total antioxidant status, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx). Histopathological findings showed activated parietal epithelial cells in all groups, indicating renal injury. Alcohol significantly increased tubular damage, podocyte desmin expression, apoptosis, cytochrome c and APAF-1 mRNA levels, and oxidative stress markers, while reducing antioxidant enzyme activities and BUN levels compared with controls. Boric acid supplementation significantly mitigated alcohol-induced tubular injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and serum creatinine levels, and improved BUN values. Boric acid treatment alone also alleviated glomerular and tubular injury and reduced tubular apoptosis compared with HBV control mice. Overall, boric acid exerts renoprotective effects in HBV-transgenic mice subjected to chronic alcohol exposure by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and podocyte injury
CuSn(OH)6 nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for the preconcentration of cadmium ions in onion extract
No full textThe present study aims to develop a new preconcentration strategy for the determination of non-essential cadmium ions in red onion samples. Determination of the extracted cadmium ions was carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrom etry for efficient and sensitive detection. The synthe sis of CuSn(OH)6 nanoparticles was accomplished via a single-step one-pot coprecipitation method under ambient conditions to obtain nanoparticles below 100 nm in size, which are particularly effec tive for preconcentration procedures. The morphol ogy and structure of the nanoparticles were confirmed with different characterization techniques. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of the presented method showed good linearity between 2.5 and 50 μg/L, with a detection limit of 0.84 μg/L. The accuracy of this method was confirmed by obtaining recoveries of spiked red onion extracts. This method offers a sensitive, efficient, and eco-friendly method for the separation/detection of trace cadmium ions in aqueous plant-derived matrixes, especially red onion extracts.Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK).
Açık erişim fonlaması, Türkiye Bilim ve Teknolojik Araştırma Konseyi (TÜBİTAK) tarafından sağlanmıştır
Ultrasound technology in environmental sustainability: Vinegar production from black carrot pulp
No full textIn this study, vinegar obtained from untreated traditional black carrot pulp was compared with vinegar obtained from black carrot pulp subjected to thermal pasteurization and ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound treatment sig nificantly improved the preservation and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, with higher total carotenoid content (TCC), total anthocyanin (TAC), and antioxidant (FRAP) values. It efficiently released bioactives from cell walls, enhancing bioavailability. RSM optimization revealed optimal conditions at 8 minutes processing time and 59.7% amplitude. However, ultrasound-treated vinegar (UT-BCV) was preferred in sensory analysis. Utilizing black carrot pulp supports sustainability, circular economy, and bioavailability goals.The authors extend their appreciation to the Ongoing Research Funding Program (ORF-2025-1432), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Yazarlar, Suudi Arabistan'ın Riyad kentindeki Kral Suud Üniversitesi'nin Devam Eden Araştırma Fonlama Programı'na (ORF-2025-1432) teşekkürlerini sunarlar
Addressing spirituality in counseling: Turkish mental health professionals’ views on a training program for professional competencies
No full textThe integration of spirituality into counseling has gained increased attention due to its significant impact on psychological well-being. However, mental health profes sionals often face challenges with incorporating spiritual dimensions into therapy, primarily due to inadequate training, conceptual ambiguity, and ethical concerns. This qualitative phenomenological study aims to explore mental health profession als’ perspectives on addressing spirituality in counseling and to assess the necessity of a specialized training program to enhance competencies in this area. We used cri terion sampling to select 11 experienced psychologists, counselors, and academics to, conduct semi-structured interviews, and analyze the data using descriptive analy sis to identify the key themes related to integrating spirituality into counseling. The findings reveal that the current training curricula does not adequately cover spir ituality, which has led to a lack of confidence among mental health professionals. The participants highlighted several barriers, including professional hesitancy, ethi cal concerns, clients’ misunderstandings, and the dominance of secular educational models. Additionally, the study identified the specific competencies needed for inte grating spirituality into counseling and categorized them into knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The professionals emphasized the need for a structured training program that includes conceptual knowledge about spirituality, evidence-based intervention techniques, ethical considerations, and culturally sensitive approaches. Furthermore, recommendations were made regarding the content, format, and evaluation methods for such a training module. The study underscores the urgent need for standardized training to equip mental health professionals with the skills required to address spir ituality in an ethical and culturally competent manner
Sacroiliac joint or ıliosacral joint
No full textThe sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is often regarded as a controversial and enigmatic structure, serving as a source of explanation for various pain conditions and functional limitations that are otherwise difficult to categorize. This article provides a detailed examination of the SIJ’s anatomy, biomechanics, and the role of the pelvic ring. The SIJ is a synovial joint with limited mobility, crucial for weight transfer from the trunk to the hips. The article emphasizes the significance of ligamentous structures surrounding the SIJ and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches combining manual medicine and neural therapy, particularly focusing on the treatment of ligamentous structures. Techniques for the injection of ligaments in the SIJ region are discussed, offering effective conservative treatment options for sacroiliac dysfunction. The review also includes detailed examination procedures and identifies the common sources of pain associated with the SIJ
Arcuate foramen of the atlas vertebra and its correlation with clinical implications in the craniocervical region: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground context The arcuate foramen (FA) can present in various forms: it may be complete, incomplete, unilateral, or bilateral. This anatomical feature is relatively common, occurring in approximately 3-15% of the population, with a higher prevalence in females. Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide rigorous scientific evidence detailing the anatomical characteristics of the AF. Furthermore, this work aims to analyze the prevalence and explore its relevance in clinical applications and surgical procedures. Study desing Systematic review and meta-analysis Methods Data were compiled from numerous published studies accessed from the databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and of April 2025. Methodological quality was evaluated with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model, and differences in FA variant rates were assessed. Results FA variants were identified, the data were categorized into three groups: the first category was the type of sample, divided into cadaver donor samples and imaging findings; the second analysis focused on the geographical region from which the sample originated; and finally, sex and laterality were also considered. Overall, the prevalence of these variations was 16% (CI: 11%–20%), and significant heterogeneity (98.8%) was observed. Significantly higher rates were observed in the following subgroups: imaging studies versus donor data (p=0.032), right side versus left side (p=0.034), and bilateral versus unilateral findings (p=0.019). Among the concerns raised were studies on the risk of iatrogenic damage during surgical procedures. Several studies also indicated a higher frequency of vertebral artery variations in patients with symptoms such as recurrent headaches, vertigo, dizziness, and/or syncope. Conclusion This review emphasized the importance of considering the vertebral artery (VA) in the preoperative assessment of surgical procedures involving the placement of screws in the cervical spine, such as treatment for atlantoaxial instability. Lack of knowledge regarding the anatomy of this region can lead to complications, such as vertebral artery injury and, consequently, impaired blood flow to the brain, cerebellum, and brainstem. Therefore, the authors recommend further research on this topic, particularly in other patient populations and in collaboration with other disciplines, to advance our understanding of the vertebral artery and to provide valuable tools for healthcare professionals and researchers, thus contributing to improved patient care
Exoclock project. IV. A homogeneous catalog of 620 updated exoplanet ephemerides
No full textThe ExoClock project is an open platform aiming to monitor exoplanets by integrating observations from space- and ground-based telescopes. This study presents an updated catalog of 620 exoplanet ephemerides, integrating 30,000 measurements from ground-based telescopes (the ExoClock network), literature, and space telescopes (Kepler, K2 and TESS). The updated catalog includes 277 planets from TESS which require special observing strategies due to their shallow transits or bright host stars. This study demonstrates that data from larger telescopes, and the employment of new methodologies such as synchronous observations with small telescopes, are capable of monitoring special cases of planets. The new ephemerides show that 45% of the planets required an update while the results show an improvement of 1 order of magnitude in prediction uncertainty. The collective analysis also enabled the identification of new planets showing transit-timing variations, highlighting the importance of extensive observing coverage. Developed in the context of the ESA’s Ariel space mission, with the goal of delivering a catalog with reliable ephemerides to increase the mission efficiency, ExoClock’s scope and service have grown well beyond the remit of Ariel. The ExoClock project has been operating in the framework of open science, and all tools and products are accessible to everyone within academia and beyond, to support efficient scheduling of future exoplanet observations, especially from larger telescopes where the pressure for time allocation efficiency is higher (Ariel, JWST, VLT, ELT, Subaru etc.). The inclusion of diverse audiences in the process and the collaborative mode not only foster democratization of science but also enhance the quality of the results
The african middle east association of gastroenterology (AMAGE) clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease
No full textOver the past few decades, the profile of liver diseases in Africa and the Middle East has undergone significant changes. The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has risen to alarming levels. Despite the seriousness of the situation, there is a scarcity of local or regional guidelines established to address it. This document presents the clinical practice guidelines from the African Middle East Association of Gastroenterology (AMAGE) related to the screening, diagnosis, and management of MAFLD. It addresses multiple aspects of managing this condition while taking into account local circumstances and the healthcare system's management requirements. These guidelines are intended for routine clinical use, with a specific focus on particular groups when needed
Experimental and thermodynamic analyses of a two-stroke UAV engine operated with gasoline–methanol blends
No full textThis study delineates experimental investigations and thermodynamic analyses conducted on a two-cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled engine-standard for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs)-oper ated with various gasoline–methanol fuel blends. Performance and emission metrics were ob tained at five thrust levels (5, 10, 15, 20, and 26 kg) utilizing five distinct fuel blends (M0, M10, M20, M30, and M40). The acquired data facilitated comprehensive evaluations of energy, exergy, and sustainability. At lower thrust levels, the minimal fuel consumption was observed with M0; at higher thrust levels, the minimum was recorded with M40. An increase in the methanol content within the fuel blends resulted in a notable reduction in CO2 emissions; for instance, at a thrust of 26 kg, CO2 emissions were 5.65% for M0 and 3.91% for M40. The highest efficiencies in terms of energy and exergy were achieved at a thrust of 15 kg across all fuel blends. Correspondingly, the maximum sustainability index was determined to be 1.39 for M40 at a thrust of 15 kg