İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Braindetective: An advanced deep learning application for early detection, segmentation and classification of brain tumours using MRI images
No full textThis study aims to create deep learning models for the early identification and classification of brain tumours. Models like U-Net, DAU-Net, DAU-Net 3D, and SGANet have been used to evaluate brain MRI images accurately. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used method in brain tumour diag nosis, but it is a complicated procedure due to the brain’s complex structure. This study looked into the ability of deep learning architectures to increase the accuracy of brain tumour diagnosis. We used the BraTS 2020 dataset to segment and classify brain tumours. The U-Net model designed for the project achieved an accuracy rate of 97% with a loss of 47%, DAU-Net reached 90% accuracy with a loss of 33%, DAU-Net 3D achieved 99% accuracy with a loss of 35%, and SGANet achieved 99% accuracy with a loss of 20%, all demonstrating effective outcomes. These find ings aim to improve patient care quality by speeding up medical diagnosis processes using computer-aided technology. Doctors can detect 3D tumours from MRI pictures using software developed as part of the research. The work packages correctly han dled project management throughout the study’s data collection, model creation, and evaluation stages. Regarding brain tumour segmentation, 3D U-Net architecture with multi-head attention mechanisms provides doctors with the best tools for planning surgery and giving each patient the best treatment options. The user-friendly Turkish interface enables simple MRI picture uploads and quick, understandable findings
Preconcentration of bismuth using nickel hydroxide nanoflower from water samples and determination by FAAS
No full textIn this study, a preconcentration strategy based on Ni(OH)2 nanofowers (NFs) was developed for the extraction/separation of bismuth ions from environmental water samples before the determination by fame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The homogeneous coprecipitation method was employed for the synthesis of the fower-shaped Ni(OH)2 and used as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of bismuth. The extraction variables were determined by a univariate optimization strategy to obtain maximum extraction performance. The optimal parameters of the method were as follows: 15 min mechanical shaking at 120 rpm, pH 6.0 bufer solution (1.0 mL), 20 mg of sorbent, and 250 µL of 6.0 M nitric acid for the elution. Under the optimized instrumental and extraction conditions, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantitation), and linear dynamic range were determined as 2.8 µg/L, 9.4 µg/L, and 0.010–0.30 mg/L, respectively. The enhancement factor of the sorbent-based method was calculated as 139.1-folds by comparing the slopes of calibration plots obtained from FAAS and the preconcentration method. To assess the feasibility and reliability of the developed method, tap water and spring water samples were analyzed under optimized conditions. The satisfactory %recoveries were obtained close to 100% using the direct comparison method. The obtained results show that the presented method is a promising candidate for efcient extraction and trace determination of bismuth in several sample mediums
Improving physiological solubility and gene transfer efficiency of chitosan via 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and amino acid conjugation
No full textIn this study, chitosan was chemically modified with 3-nitrobenzaldehyde (3NBA) and three amino acids (arginine, cysteine, and histidine) to enhance its gene delivery performance. 3-NBA was selected for its known DNA binding properties, while the amino acids were chosen based on their functional groups, which can improve solubility, facilitate cellular uptake, and contribute to endosomal escape. The modified chitosan polymers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Nanoparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method, and their particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The particle sizes ranged from 105.07 ± 3.45 to 206.15 ± 10.39 nm, with PDI values between 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.02. Zeta potentials were measured between 32.05 ± 0.49 mV and 51.95 ± 0.35 mV. The cysteine-modified chitosan (Chi-3NBACys) exhibited approximately 8.4-fold higher solubility than unmodified chitosan. In vitro studies demonstrated that the modified chitosan nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity in HEK293T cells. Among the tested formulations, Chi-3NBACys showed the highest transfection efficiency, comparable to commercial agent Lipofectamine™ 2000. These findings suggest that chitosan nanoparticles modified with 3-NBA and amino acids can be safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors.This study was supported by the project DPT–2019K12–149071 funded by the Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye, Strategy and Budget Office.
Bu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Ofisi tarafından finanse edilen DPT–2019K12–149071 sayılı proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir
Predicting risk of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer using miRNAs and clinicopathological features
No full textThis study investigates potential prognostic values in models created with clinico pathological features and expression profles of miRNAs known for their critical roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in PTC cases. Forty-seven lymph node-metastatic PTC patients and 46 non-metastatic patients were included. Using RT-PCR, miR-21, miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 expression was analyzed in carcinoma tissues and metastatic lymph nodes of the same PTC patients and carcinoma tissues of non-metastatic PTC patients. MiR 146b (p1 cm) in metastatic PTCs, miR-146b and miR221 were overexpressed in the tumor tissue (p=0.036), while miR-222 was overexpressed in metastatic lymph nodes (p=0.035). miR-146b was also upregulated in lack of peritumoral lympho cyte infltration (p=0.006). In conclusion, our fndings suggest that the overexpres sion of miR-146b and miR-221 in PTC tissues may be associated with lymph node metastasis and a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, the presence of larger tumors and increased levels of intratumoral fbrosis in non-metastatic PTC patients could indi cate a poor prognosis.This work was supported by the Scientifc Projects Coordination Unit, Istanbul University-Cer rahpasa under Grant TTU-2019-3360
Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Bilimsel Projeler Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından TTU-2019-3360 numaralı hibe ile desteklenmiştir
Seryum oksit nanopartküller: Sentez, karakterizasyon ve analitik kimya uygulamaları
No full textNanoteknoloji, nano boyutta mühendisliği ve teknolojiyi kapsayan endüstri, elektronik ve sağlık alanında birçok uygulaması olan bir bilim dalıdır. Nanopartiküller 1-100 nm boyutlarına sahip nano boyutlu malzemeleri kapsamaktadır (Khan Ibrahim et al., 2017). Nanopartiküllerin nano ölçekli olmasıyla yığın malzemelerden farklı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklere sahiptir. Yığın malzemelerden daha iyi özellik göstermesiyle pek çok alanda nanopartiküller yenilikler sunarak malzemelerin özellikleri iyileştirmek ve daha verimli hale getirmek için sıklıkla kullanılırlar. Bu alandaki araştırmalar nanopartiküllerin fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini inceleyerek çeşitli uygulama alanlarındaki rollerini anlamayı hedeflemektedir. Seryum oksit nanopartikülleri bu bakımdan önemli bir tür olup çeşitli endüstriyel ve çevre uygulamalarında kullanım alanları geliştirilen bir malzemedir (Altammar, 2023)
Manuel tıp manuel terapi fonksiyonel diyagnoz ve manipülasyon teknikleri
No full textBu kitabın yazılması sürecinde, manuel tıbbın mesleki gelişimimdeki yerini ve öne mini bir kez daha derinlemesine anlama fırsatı buldum. Fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon alanında uzmanlaşmış bir akademisyen olarak, kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıklarında başarı lı olmanın, bu alanın inceliklerini anlamak ve uygulamakla mümkün olduğunu gördüm. Bu farkındalığımı, manuel tıpla ve nöralterapi ile tanışmama ve bu disiplinleri kazandı ğım bilgi birikimine borçluyum. Klasik tıpta segmental fonksiyon bozukluklarını ve bunların ilgili organlarla ilişkisini çoğu zaman göz ardı ediyorduk. Oysa manuel tıpla doğru tanı koymanın ve hastaya do kunarak muayene yapmanın ne kadar etkili olduğunu fark ettim. Artık basit bir halluks valgus gibi durumlarda dahi radyolojik görüntülerden çok, hastaya dokunmanın önemi ni daha iyi anlıyorum. Basit bir ortopedik problemde dahi hastaya dokunarak muayene yapmak, pek çok sorunun kaynağını hemen ortaya koyabiliyor. Manuel tıp, eklemler, kaslar ve bağ dokular üzerinde elle yapılan tanı ve tedavi yöntem lerini içerir. Bu yaklaşım, hareket sistemindeki fonksiyonel bozuklukların giderilmesine ve ağrının azaltılmasına odaklanır. Nöralterapi ise vücudun sinir sistemini düzenleyerek, ağrı ve fonksiyon bozukluklarını tedavi etmeyi amaçlar. Bu iki yöntemin kombinasyonu, birçok durumda hastaların daha hızlı iyileşmesini sağlar ve tedavi sürecini daha etkili hale getirir. Almanya’da katıldığım ileri düzey manuel tıp ve nöralterapi eğitimleri, mesleğimdeki bakış açımı zenginleştirirken, manuel tıbbın sadece bir tedavi yöntemi değil, aynı zaman da bir hekimlik sanatı olduğunu anlamama vesile oldu. Sevgili hocam Wolfgang von Hey mann, 2019 yılında aramızdan ayrıldı. Onunla birlikte Hüseyin Nazlıkul ile başladığımız bu değerli projeyi tamamlayarak hekimlerle buluşturmak, benim için bir onur kaynağıdır
A comprehensive review on the use of artificial intelligence, internet of things, sensors, and green energy in non-invasive agricultural techniques
No full textFeeding a burgeoning global population amid cli mate change and dwindling resources presents a profound chal lenge for agriculture. This paper examines ”smart agriculture” (Agriculture 4.0) as a pivotal solution, integrating technologies like IoT, AI, and robotics to cultivate data-driven, efficient, and sustainable farming. We emphasize the growing effectiveness of multi-modal data fusion—combining diverse sensor inputs—for improved pest detection, water management, and yield predic tion. A critical shift towards decentralized edge intelligence is also explored, facilitating real-time, on-farm decisions and overcoming connectivity hurdles. While acknowledging that successful implementations are highly context-specific and that synthetic data can address scarcity, we also confront persistent obstacles: high adoption costs, the digital divide, unreliable rural connectivity, and cybersecurity risks. Ultimately, realizing smart agriculture’s full potential—a more resilient and productive global food system—requires sustained investment in affordable sensors, robust and explainable AI, and autonomous robotics to translate data insights into actionable field-level strategies
Preparation and in vitro characterisation of nanofibers for enhancing the water solubility of poorly soluble drugs
No full textBackground and Aims: As the drug discoveries of the modern century have led to a rapid increase in the number of new drug candidates with low water solubility, nanofiber drug delivery systems have become a promising technology to increase the water solubility of drugs with a high surface-to-volume ratio. In this study, we aimed to prepare a nanofiber of a molecule with low water solubility and investigate its changing solubility properties. Methods: Three nanofiber dosage forms containing olanzapine (OLZ) active substance were developed by the electrospinning method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. Drug loading efficiency, zeta potential determination, electrical conductivity, rheology, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed to evaluate the in vitro characterisation of the formulations. The solubility profile of the optimised formulations in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was evaluated. The stability of optimised formulations was evaluated in terms of physical properties (colour, shape, weight, diameter, and thickness) and drug amount for 35 days. Results: It was determined that the electrospinning property of the nanofiber preparation solution increased with the addition of ethanol to the polymer solvent medium. The active substance distribution in the nanofiber layer was more homogeneous in the N78 and N79 coded formulations with high zeta potential values compared to N69. Contrary to the homogeneous distribution problem, the loading efficiency of the N69-coded formulation containing chloroform (~29%) was higher than that of N79 (~9.8%). A 24-h solubility study in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer of the N78-coded formulation, which has an active ingredient loading efficiency of ~80.4%, confirmed the increased solubility of OLZ in water in the nanofiber drug delivery system. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to convert these model formulations into final drug products
Nio nanoflower based sorbent extraction for a novel HPLC–UV method for the determination of solifenacin in human plasma and its application to a prototype pharmacokinetic study
No full textSolifenacin is an active pharmaceutical product used in overactive therapy. The main goal of this work was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection for measuring the amount of quanti fied solifenacin in human plasma samples that is rapid, straightforward, and accurate. Prior to chromatographic analysis, a nanomaterial-based sorbent extraction technique utilizing NiO nanoflowers was employed for plasma sample preparation. In this method, NiO nanoflowers were employed, and the adsorption process underwent optimization. Chromatographic separation was carried out using a reversed-phase C18 analytical column (5 µm×4.6 mm×150 mm) with a mobile phase composed of water (0.2% triethylamine) and acetonitrile (30:70 v/v), and the pH was adjusted to 3.5 with ortho-phosphoric acid. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min, and the investigation was performed using UV at 220 nm. The retention time of solifenacin is 3.10±0.01 min. The linear behaviour of the proposed approach was examined in the 0.01–30 ng/mL range (r 2=0.9995). The proposed method is in alignment with the criteria established by the European Medical Agency (EMA) about the accuracy, precision, repeatability, specificity, robustness and detection and quantification. Limit of detection and limit of quantification are determined to be 0.003 and 0.01 ng/mL, whereas relative standard deviation was determined to be less than 2.75% for intra-run and inter-run measurements. The plasma concentration–time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC0–t , AUC0–∞, Cmax, tmax, and t1/2, were calculated according to the assays. The proposed method is feasible to investigate the bioequivalence, bioavailability, and routine analysis of the drug in plasma
Development an effective adsorptive treatment strategy for the removal of cadmium from textile wastewater by CuBi2O4@Fe3O4 nanocomposites
No full textIn this study, copper-bismuth oxide/iron oxide (CuBi2O4@Fe3O4) nanocomposites were pre-pared by microwave-assisted synthesis and used as adsorbents for the adsorptive removalof cadmium from textile wastewater. The pH/volume of buffer solution, mixing type/periodand adsorbent dosage were optimized univariately to enhance the removal efficiency of theadsorbent and determined as 1.5 mL of pH 8.0 buffer solution, vortexing for 60s, and 30 mgof CuBi2O4@Fe3O4 nanocomposite material. Following the determination of the optimumparameters, equilibrium adsorption studies were performed at five different initial concentra-tions of cadmium within the range of 0.50 − 10 mg L−1 in textile wastewater. A matrix-matching calibration strategy was utilized for the accurate and precise quantification of cad-mium in the wastewater matrix with a R2 value of 0.9961. The percent removal efficiencieswere calculated within the range of 77.2 − 81.5% for the adsorptive removal of cadmiumions from textile wastewater in the equilibrium adsorption experiments. Furthermore, theLangmuir, Freundlich, and Sips adsorption isotherm models were employed for modelingthe equilibrium data, and the results showed that all the models fitted well with the experi-mental data with R2 values higher than 0.99. The simple and efficient batch adsorption pro-cess developed was successfully utilized to remove cadmium ions from textile wastewater