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Times of ships in container ports: automatic identification system data for analyzing traffic conditions at a maritime terminal
No full textMaritime shipping is the primary means connecting countries and global economies, with ports serving as critical logistics hubs in the supply chain. In recent decades, international conflicts and economic disruptions have increasingly stressed maritime transport, highlighting the need to focus more on terminal performance. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate port traffic conditions using data from open Automatic Identification System (AIS) repositories. A rule-based approach is applied to segment the vessel trajectories into underway, anchoring, and berth operations, allowing the assessment of all stages that characterize a port call and the calculation of the vessel turnaround time. The methodology is demonstrated in the Port of Los Angeles, the busiest container hub on the United States West Coast. Historical AIS data are analyzed to obtain traffic conditions, and a set of key performance indicators is computed to quantify terminal operations and docks utilization during the observation period. The proposed framework provides a scalable tool for maritime traffic monitoring and decision support in port management
An e-delivery system based on pick-up points: demand forecast, system design and scenario assessment
No full textIn recent years, e-commerce experienced significant growth, also pushed by restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid growth has had significant both positive (e.g., economic growth) and negative (e.g., congestion and pollution) impacts on cities. In fact, in many cases, small, sprawled and failed deliveries, resulting in additional trips for carriers, are a problem to tackle in terms of both operational (internal) costs and external costs. Focusing on such a problem, this paper reviews the current literature and points out the need to overcome the current literature lacks that limit the exploitation of new ways of receiving e-purchases in a sustainable way. The current methodologies were developed mainly to simulate some aspects of e-delivering and are not able to forecast the end consumers' choice as well as the impacts due to the different measures that are implemented at urban scale which affect the e-delivery operations. Therefore, considering the limited literature analyses regarding such a delivery system, the paper proposes an assessment methodology which included an advanced behavioral modeling system able to forecast the end consumers' demand, and an optimization model for designing the pick-up system in terms of the number, location and size of the pick-up points, taking the availability of end consumers to collect their e-purchases into consideration. The approach has been applied to a real case study, and satisfactory results have been obtained. The findings of this study can contribute to the development of more sustainable urban freight transport, one of the most significant challenges facing city decision makers and authorities
Integrated Assessment of Night Shift Work and Chemical Exposure in Female Healthcare Workers: A Study Protocol
No full textNight shift work (NSW) is common among healthcare workers (HCW) and can disrupt circadian rhythms, leading to metabolic dysregulation, systemic inflammation, and increased breast cancer risk in women. In hospital settings, NSW often co-occurs with exposure to disinfectants and sterilants, creating combined circadian and chemical stress. Female HCW may be particularly vulnerable due to sex-specific endocrine factors and cumulative chemical exposures. This prospective study protocol proposes an integrated occupational health surveillance model comparing night and day shift female HCW. The protocol combines clinical evaluation, molecular biomarker profiling, lifestyle and psychosocial assessment, as well as environmental monitoring of key chemical exposures. Participants will undergo baseline assessment, a 1-month follow-up to monitor adherence to personalized health recommendations, and a 12-month follow-up to evaluate changes in clinical, metabolic, molecular, and lifestyle parameters. The multidimensional approach aims to clarify the interactions between circadian disruption and chemical exposures, identify early biomarkers of risk, and help the development of targeted interventions to improve metabolic health, reduce chemical burden, and support circadian alignment and overall well-being in female HCW
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is present as both cccDNA and integrated forms in kidney tissues of HBV surface antigen-negative patients with renal cell carcinoma
No full textObjectives This prospective study aimed to (1) determine the intrarenal prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and (2) characterize its molecular forms, including cccDNA and integrated sequences. Methods Renal tissues from 83 consecutive HBsAg-negative patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC ( n = 54) or for nonmalignant disease (control group, n = 29) were tested by highly sensitive PCR for total HBV DNA, cccDNA, and viral RNA, and subjected to high-throughput HBV DNA integration sequencing. Among RCC cases, 36/54 had clear cell RCC (ccRCC), and 18/54 had papillary or chromophobe RCC. Results HBV DNA was detected in 35.2% (19/54) of RCC cases vs 3.4% (1/29) of controls ( P = 0.001). Among RCC subtypes, HBV DNA prevalence was 25% (9/36) in ccRCC vs 55.6% (10/18) in non-ccRCC (papillary or chromophobe) ( P = 0.03). Both cccDNA and integrated HBV sequences were present in RCC tissues harboring viral DNA. Conclusion Intrarenal presence of HBV DNA is a frequently occurring event strongly associated with RCC, suggesting a potential direct role of HBV in renal carcinogenesis
Aesculus hippocastanum Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in an MPP+-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model via PPARγ Activation
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut extract, HCE) in an in vitro model of PD. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (1 mM) and/or in combination with HCE at the concentrations of 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μg/mL for 24 h. After 24 h, several analyses have been performed. Treatment with HCE at the concentrations of 31.2 and 62.5 μg/mL significantly improved cell viability following MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, HCE effectively modulated key Parkinsonian markers by restoring tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and reducing the number of α-syn-positive cells. At the same concentrations, HCE also attenuated NF-κB signalling pathway activation and diminished the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α. Notably, HCE promoted the activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), known for its neuroprotective properties, and reduced both oxidative and nitrosative stress. Crucially, silencing of PPARγ abolished the beneficial effects of HCE, indicating that its neuroprotective actions are mediated specifically through PPARγ activation. Thus, these findings suggest that HCE confers neuroprotection in vitro by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress primarily via PPARγ modulation
La dichiarazione di recesso del socio: ed è subito (o quasi) exit da società di capitali
No full textLa Cassazione torna sul tema dell’efficacia del recesso del socio di società
di capitali, riaffermando la tesi dell’immediata efficacia risolutiva della
dichiarazione di recesso, trattandosi di un atto unilaterale recettizio che
determina lo scioglimento del vincolo contrattuale nel momento in cui è
portato a conoscenza della società. Da tale momento, il socio che ha
esercitato il recesso perde i diritti (patrimoniali e amministrativi) connessi
alla partecipazione sociale, salvo che, entro il termine di novanta giorni,
intervenga una deliberazione di revoca o di scioglimento della società. In
questo caso, il socio receduto riacquista, con efficacia retroattiva, lo stato
di socio, comprensivo della legittimazione a impugnare, a norma degli artt.
2377 e 2378 c.c., le deliberazioni medio tempore adottate. Tale decisione merita di essere condivisa ed apprezzata, anche per il coordinamento tra l’efficacia immediata del recesso e la tutela processuale del socio receduto
Post-Human Communities: Reorganizing Social Relations in the Age of Interspecies Communication.
No full textThe introduction of humanoid and zoomorphic robots is profoundly reshaping how people interact with technology, redefining the very concept of community. These robots, increasingly present in households, are no longer mere tools but social actors capable of providing emotional and practical support. However, their integration into human relationships raises significant questions: how do they impact our ability to forge authentic connections? While alleviating loneliness and performing caregiving tasks, they risk altering traditional roles and fostering growing emotional dependency. The family itself evolves into a hybrid network where humans and technology intertwine, challenging established paradigms. This transformation demands reflection on cultural and ethical implications, as robots are reshaping not only social relationships but also our sense of belonging and identity. Post-human communities thus offer an opportunity to rethink the future of sociality and human connections
La prorogatio nella forma di governo dello Stato
No full textLa prorogatio nella forma di governo dello Stato è uno studio monografico dedicato alla prorogatio delle Camere, del Presidente della Repubblica e del Governo. L'analisi si sviluppa, nella prospettiva della ricerca di interpretazioni idonee a contemperare la continuità nell'esercizio delle funzioni pubbliche e la ragionevolezza degli atti nei quali queste ultime si estrinsecano, attraverso un costante confronto, oltreché con la dottrina, con la prassi, i precedenti e la giurisprudenza. La necessità di assicurare la continuità funzionale degli organi dello Stato titolari di attribuzioni di natura politica non risulta disgiunta, in regime di prorogatio, dalla presenza di limiti non solo convenzionali o di correttezza, ma anche giuridici e costituzionali. Questi ultimi, però, nell'interpretazione proposta, sono da definire in modo sufficientemente elastico, valorizzando, così, lo spazio di autonomia delle decisioni politiche, senza rinunciare alle garanzie tipiche dello Stato costituzionale
Ecological impact of macroalgae secondary metabolites on fatty acid and amino acid profiles of A. lixula sea urchin in the Mediterranean Sea
No full textThe introduction of non-native species into marine ecosystems can alter trophic interactions and influence the physiology of native organisms. Understanding these biochemical interactions is essential to assess the ecological impact of these species on local biodiversity. For the first time, the following study evaluates the effects of different macroalgae secondary metabolites on fatty acid and amino acid profiles of sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Mediterranean Sea. The macroalgae involved in this study were Ericaria brachycarpa, an endemic species of the Mediterranean, and Asparagopsis taxiformis, an allochthonous invasive species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques were employed for the elucidation of the fatty acids, while amino acids were investigated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The impact of macroalgae metabolites on the fatty acids and amino acids in A. lixula species was evaluated after exposures at 24 and 48 h. Analytical results revealed that E. brachycarpa and A. taxiformis metabolites determined a significant change in levels of fatty acids (PUFAs, MUFAs, and SFAs) compared to untreated A. lixula species in accordance with their susceptibility to oxidation mechanisms. Also, macroalgae secondary metabolites induced distinct and time dependent metabolic reprogramming in A. lixula uncovering a biphasic oxidative stress response, membrane remodeling, and amino acids compensation mechanisms
From classical to active particles: mathematical tools for social dynamics and behavioural economics.
No full textThis essay provides a critical overview of the mathematical kinetic
theory of active particles, which is used to model and study collective
systems consisting of interacting living entities, such as those involved in
behavior and evolution. The main objective is to study the interactions
of large systems of living entities mathematically. More specifically, the
study relates to the complex features of living systems and the mathemat
ical tools inspired by statistical physics. The focus is on the mathemati
cal description of these interactions and their role in deriving differential
systems that describe the aforementioned dynamics. The paper demon
strates that studying these interactions naturally yields new mathematical
insights into systems in the natural sciences and behavioral economics