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Sleep Quality, Stress, and Mental Health in College Students: The Protective Role of Optimism and Critical Thinking
No full textMental health among university students is an issue of growing global concern, impacting both psychological well-being and academic outcomes. This study investigated the relationships between sleep quality, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression, examining the mediating role of perceived stress and the protective effects of optimism and critical thinking. A sample of 363 Italian university students (mean age = 22.67 ± 4.64 years) completed standardized self-report questionnaires assessing the main psychological variables of interest. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping to evaluate mediating and moderating effects. SEM analyses showed that perceived stress partially mediated the effect of sleep disturbances on anxiety (β = 0.27, 95% CI [0.18, 0.37]) and depression (β = 0.24, 95% CI [0.16, 0.33]). Moreover, the impact of sleep problems on perceived stress was attenuated among students with higher levels of optimism (β = −0.18, p = 0.003) and critical thinking (β = −0.14, p = 0.01), confirming the protective role of these personal resources. These findings highlight the importance of considering both risk factors and protective resources in understanding and preventing psychological distress in university populations, suggesting interventions aimed at improving sleep quality and enhancing individual resources
Jacques Derrida e la “farmacia” di Platone. Quale futuro per la ragione occidentale?
No full textUnprecedented conflicts and new authoritarianism undermine trust in the fundamental values of democracy. Western rationality is being challenged in its primacy, showing a weakness hitherto well-guarded behind the universal logic of the concept. What future is then imaginable for our philosophical reason? An interesting suggestion is offered by Jacques Derrida's Pharmacie de Platon (1968). In a comparison with the Phaedrus and the myth of writing, he highlights a founding structure of Western thought: a binary and conflicting logic, rooted in the interweaving of reason and violence. The pharmakon that Plato bequeathed to us and on which we still need to question
Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals and Consumer Health Risk Evaluation in Farmed Acipenser baerii Caviar From Iran
No full textSturgeons are particularly vulnerable to the bioaccumulation of trace elements due to their longevity, benthic habits, and slow metabolic turnover. As aquaculture has become the primary global source of caviar, updated information on essential and toxic elements in farmed sturgeon products is needed to assess food safety. Twelve Acipenser baerii at reproductive stage 4 were sampled from a commercial farm in Tehran Province. Caviar was digested using acid-assisted mineralization, and essential (Zn, Cu, Fe, Se) and toxic (Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Hg) elements were quantified. Zinc was the most abundant element (31.0–35.9 mg/kg), while iron (3.0–4.9 mg/kg), copper (0.9–1.8 mg/kg), and selenium (0.38–0.64 mg/kg) fell within expected physiological ranges for farmed sturgeons. Concentrations of toxic elements were consistently low, Cd (0.01–0.07 mg/kg), Pb (0.12–0.20 mg/kg), As (0.07–0.15 mg/kg), Cr (0.14–0.31 mg/kg), and Hg (0.01–0.05 mg/kg), and remained below international safety thresholds. Overall, the trace-element profile of farmed A. baerii caviar indicates low contaminant levels and compliance with current food-safety standards. These results provide updated baseline information for Iranian sturgeon aquaculture and support the safety of caviar produced under controlled farming conditions
Biofortification of Sea Bream Fillets with Artichoke Polyphenols: Effects on Antioxidant Capacity, Shelf Life, and Sensory Quality
No full textA functional seafood product was obtained by biofortifying fish fillets with polyphenols
extracted from artichoke by-products. Two fortification techniques—vacuum immersion
(VI) and spray coating followed by electroporation (SCE)—were applied and compared
with untreated control (CTR) samples. The treated by vacuum immersion (TRT-VI) group
showed the highest antioxidant power (DPPH scavenging: 42.5 ± 3.2% vs. 19.6 ± 1.5% in
CTR. Colorimetry revealed significant shifts in lightness (L*), red-green component (a*),
and yellow-green component (b*) values in raw and cooked fillets. In the TRT-VI group
the microbiological shelf life was extended by approximately 4–5 days. Sensory analysis
revealed that, despite of bitterness and astringency, key attributes were maintained. Pheno-
lic profiling identified caffeoylquinic acids as the dominant compounds in both artichoke
extracts and fortified fillets (range 0.5–304.5 mg·100 g−1). In this study the development of
functional seafood products has been implemented through the valorisation of an agri-food
by-product and the exploitation of emerging fortification technologies. Key outputs include
the assessment of the nutritional value of the fortified fish fillets and the extension of shelf
life without compromising key sensory attributes. Future studies could be directed toward
the optimization of formulations and bioavailability of the incorporated polyphenols
Clarification on the Nature and Availability of Dietary Microplastic Intake Data Used in Wang et al. (2025)
No full textPosidonia oceanica egagropili and Magnolia grandiflora leaves as lignocellulosic substrates to enhance eumelanin production by Streptomyces nashvillensis
No full textThe melanin biotechnological production by Streptomycetes is a valid alternative to the manufacturing process by extraction from animal tissues or through chemical synthesis routes. To be economically reliable this approach might assure high yields, eventually by employing innovative, sustainable strategies. The use of lignocellulosic waste biomasses as substrates to boost the pigment production is an advanced, but low investigated approach. In this paper, Streptomyces nashvillensis DSM40314 melanin synthesis was prompted by adding different concentrations of Posidonia oceanica egagropili or Magnolia grandiflora leaf powders to a semidefined medium. Maximum pigment productions of 3.0 ± 0.2 and 4.1 ± 0.1 g/L were reached in 96 h, in shake flasks when 5.0 g/L of egagropili or 1.0 g/L of magnolia leaves were added, respectively. In these conditions the activities of the tyrosinase, the first enzyme involved in the melanin synthetic pathway, were also determined. The strain capacity to express enzymes to degrade the two substrates was evaluated by checking the genome as well as by testing its endoglucanase and lignin peroxidase activities. The produced pigments were then purified from the broth supernatants by acidic precipitation, characterized by UV–visible, FT-IR, mono and bi-dimensional NMR, and then tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Stirred tank reactor fermentation allowed to reach a melanin production of 7.1 ± 0.1 and 7.9 ± 0.1 g/L, when 5.0 g/L Posidonia oceanica egagropili or 1.0 g/L of Magnolia grandiflora leaf were added, respectively, with an increase of about 2.4 and 1.9 folds compared to shake flasks
L’insegnamento della religione in Irlanda del Nord davanti alla Corte Suprema del Regno Unito: tra necessaria apertura al “pluralismo” e agevole esercizio del “diritto di esonero”
No full textLa Corte Suprema del Regno Unito, nella pronunzia Re JR87 [2025] UKSC 40, ha stabilito che l’insegnamento della religione e il culto collettivo previsti in una scuola primaria controllata dell’Irlanda del Nord sono contrari all’art. 2 del Protocollo n. 1 della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo, letto in combinato disposto con l’art. 9 CEDU. Il presente contributo sottolinea innanzitutto la necessità di contestualizzare la decisione alla luce dell’assetto dell’organizzazione scolastica e del modello di insegnamento della religione presente nelle scuole primarie dell’Irlanda del Nord. In secondo luogo, affronta la questione se, in questo caso, l’esercizio del diritto di esonero
comportasse effettivamente un onere eccessivo per i genitori, rendendo così l’insegnamento della religione e il culto collettivo - quando non trasmessi in modo obiettivo, critico e pluralistico - contrari alla protezione garantita dalla Convenzione
La transizione monumentale. Zancle in Messana Digitalizzazione di un patrimonio urbano stratificato
No full textMessina è una città caratterizzata da cicli profondi di distruzione e ricostruzione, un palinsesto urbano dove la memoria dell’antica Zancle, della Messana romana e di tutte le Messine che le hanno seguite, è spesso celata sotto strati di oblio e dei nuovi tessuti edilizi. In questo scenario, il volume La transizione monumentale propone un percorso metodologico per la salvaguardia e la valorizzazione di un patrimonio urbano stratificato e peculiarmente complesso. L’opera documenta il passaggio cruciale dalla digitalizzazione bidimensionale di fonti archivistiche e cartografiche alla creazione di gemelli digitali tridimensionali ad alta precisione. Attraverso l’integrazione di tecnologie avanzate come tecniche di laserscanning, di fotogrammetria terrestre e aerea con le metodologie H–GIS e H–BIM, l’autrice trasforma i resti materiali e immateriali in documenti interrogabili, capaci di rivelare le genealogie costruttive di monumenti simbolo. Il cuore della ricerca si snoda attraverso casi studio emblematici, come il complesso monastico del San Salvatore dei Greci, analizzato nella sua stratificazione secolare, e aree urbane nevralgiche di Messina, quali Largo San Giacomo o gli Isolati della Prefettura e limitrofi, dove la ricerca archeologica d’emergenza rivive grazie alle realtà alternative intangibili. L’obiettivo finale non è solo la conservazione digitale, ma la predisposizione per un Metaverso cittadino. Per tutte queste ragioni, il volume non intende rivolgersi solo agli addetti ai lavori, ma mira ad abbattere le barriere fisiche e cognitive, rendendo il Patrimonio Culturale un bene democratico e accessibile a tutti. È inoltre un invito a riscoprire l’identità di Messina attraverso una memoria digitale perenne, capace di connettere il rigore della ricerca scientifica con l’esperienza immersiva del futuro
Training in endoscopic endonasal surgery: EANS young neurosurgeons committee survey
No full textThe endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has gained significant popularity across major skull base centers in last decades. However, due to its technical and anatomical peculiarities, it requires a dedicated and long training. The aim of this survey was to assess the exposure of young neurosurgeons to EEA and evaluate their perspectives on this training. An electronic survey was sent to all European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) members younger than 40 years old, including residents, inquiring about their exposure and perspective on EEA training. The survey was completed by 125 participants. The majority (96.0%) reported to be interested in EEA, mostly with the aim to learn how to perform this surgery autonomously (60.0%) or with assistance (71.2%). A dedicated EEA training was included in the educational program of 64.0% of participants, and 44.0% of them reported to have learned how to perform a regular pituitary surgery. However, 49.6% stated to have not acquired sufficientEEA competencies and only 28.8% had attended a dissection/simulation course or lab. Our survey confirms the interest of young neurosurgeons for the EEA training and that dedicated educational programs are largely available, regularly exposing them to endoscopic pituitary or skull base procedures. Thanks to this training, a consistent rate of participants has developed significant skills in EEA, however our survey showed that a large number of them still reported to have obtained no sufficient competencies. Moreover, also the access to dissection/simulation courses or lab resulted limited
Optimal antithrombotic therapy for post-ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A frequentist network meta-analysis
No full textBackground
The optimal antithrombotic strategy for secondary prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) following acute ischemic stroke (IS) remains undefined. This network meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulant (OAC) monotherapy, antiplatelet therapy (APT), and their combination in this population.
Methods
We systematically searched major electronic databases through October 2025 for relevant randomized and non-randomized studies. A frequentist network meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Treatment hierarchies were ranked using P-scores. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, major bleeding, and any ischemic event.
Results
Ten studies (1 randomized trial, 9 observational) involving 14,104 patients were included. Compared to combination therapy, OAC monotherapy ranked most favorable for the primary composite endpoint (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.53–1.27; P-score: 0.90) and for recurrent IS (HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.50–1.20; P-score: 0.88). Regarding major bleeding, both APT (HR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.28–1.46; P-score: 0.75) and OAC monotherapy (HR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.35–1.55; P-score: 0.57) ranked superior to combination therapy, respectively. For mortality, OAC monotherapy was comparable to combination therapy (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.66–1.87), whereas APT suggested a higher risk (HR 1.78, 95% CI: 0.97–3.29; P-score: 0.05).
Conclusion
In patients with IS, AF, and ASCVD, OAC monotherapy appears to be the most favorable strategy for secondary prevention, offering an optimal balance between efficacy and safety. Adding APT confers no additional clinical benefit while introducing a concerning increase in bleeding risk. However, given the predominance of observational data, these findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmed through dedicated randomized controlled trials