Archive ouverte institutionnelle du ResEFE
Not a member yet
8131 research outputs found
Sort by
Inside the kink-bands of archaeological flax artefacts via sub-micrometer resolution micro-CT: A comprehensive microstructural analysis to better understand degradation mechanisms of fibres
No full textInternational audienceThis work explores how the morphology of kink-band zones in flax fibres impacts the mechanical properties of the elementary fibres. Kink-bands are structural defects and are particularly sensitive to physical and biological stresses, on isolated fibres or in bio-based composite materials. To this end, a panel of archaeological samples from different time periods and preserved under different environmental conditions were selected and studied using synchrotron micro-tomography. It is demonstrated that although kink-bands are generally more numerous in ancient fibres, their degree of severity is sometimes less. This underlines the importance of fibre extraction methods, which are principally responsible for kink-band formation. The results also show that kink-band are weaknesses points, allowing rapid development of internal porosity (up to 25 %) when the fibres are used or stored in extreme environments, and that this porosity can also extend to healthy areas of the fibres. However, in some cases, even after millennia of conservation, it appears that the fibres can present morphologies comparable to modern samples, probably due to their good initial quality. Thanks to the findings of the present work, simplified schemes of degradation in kink-band zones, useable on single fibres but also in composite materials, are proposed. These results confirm the importance of fibre extraction processes on fibre quality and durability, and subsequent use for sustainable and high-performance composite materials and textiles
Cent ans d’archéologie : De la rivalité à la coopération en péninsule Ibérique et au Maroc
No full textInternational audienceThrough the eyes of archaeologists, historians, and art historians, this volume traces the emergence and consolidation of archaeological research in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco since the late nineteenth century, drawing on the example of the scientific excavations at Baelo Claudia, on the north bank of the Strait of Gibraltar. The exceptional state of preservation of this Roman city, the main gateway to Tingi (Tangier), has made it, for over a century, a remarkable testing ground for archaeological and historical disciplines, as envisioned by its pioneer scholar Pierre Paris (1859-1931), who also established the Casa de Velázquez. The book reveals an exceptional site and a scholarly community that embodies the internationalization of research, now focused on bringing together knowledge from both shores of the Mediterranean.Este volumen reconstruye, bajo la perspectiva de arqueólogos, historiadores e historiadores del arte, cómo surgió y se afianzó la investigación arqueológica en la península Ibérica y Marruecos desde finales del siglo xix. Para ello, toma como ejemplo las excavaciones científicas de Baelo Claudia, en pleno estrecho de Gibraltar. El excepcional estado de conservación de esta ciudad romana, principal ruta de acceso a Tingi (Tánger), ha hecho de ella un laboratorio ideal donde aplicar métodos arqueológicos e históricos, tal como lo imaginó su promotor, Pierre Paris (1859-1931), fundador de la Casa de Velázquez. El libro no solo explora un yacimiento arqueológico único, sino también una comunidad científica que impulsa la colaboración internacional, uniendo conocimientos de ambas orillas del Mediterráneo.À travers le regard d’archéologues, historiens et historiens de l’art, ce volume reconstitue l’émergence et la consolidation de la recherche archéologique en péninsule Ibérique et au Maroc depuis la fin du xixe siècle, en s’appuyant pour cela sur l’exemple des fouilles scientifiques de Baelo Claudia, au cœur du détroit de Gibraltar. L’excellent état de conservation de cette ville romaine, principale voie d’accès à Tingi (Tanger), lui a permis de devenir, depuis plus d’un siècle, un formidable champ d’application des disciplines archéologiques et historiques, comme l’entendait son initiateur Pierre Paris (1859-1931), également fondateur de la Casa de Velázquez. On y découvre ainsi un site exceptionnel et une communauté scientifique qui fait vivre l’internationalisation de la recherche, désormais axée sur la jonction des savoirs issus des deux rives de la Méditerranée
Early Āndhradeśa: Historical Studies around the Epigraphic Corpus. Volume One: Introduction and Inventory
No full textInternational audienceVolume 1 of 2. This two-volume work highlights the central importance of the Āndhra region in the political, cultural, and religious history of early South Asia. It results from a decade-long project undertaking to document, inventory, and edit anew a body of over a thousand inscriptions, many of which never duly assessed as historical documents, and many unpublished to this day. The first volume presents the first ever attempt at a systematic inventory of this tragically dispersed corpus. The eleven essays gathered in the second volume, written by prominent philologists, epigraphists, art historians, and ancient historians of India, make elaborate use of the presently available evidence and put forward new perspectives on a great variety of sources, shedding fundamental new light on issues of power, patronage, and religious pluralism in the early historic and early medieval Deccan.Contributors are: Stefan Baums, Shailendra Bhandare, Christine Chojnacki, Max Deeg, Emmanuel Francis, Valérie Gillet, Mekhola Gomes, Arlo Griffiths, Petra Kieffer-Pülz, Andrew Ollett, Akira Shimada, Upinder Singh, Ingo Strauch, Vincent Tournier, and Peter Ziem
A propósito de la altura de los hornos romanos de ánforas: una restitución arquitectónica en el alfar de El Mohíno (Provincia Bética, Hispania)
No full textInternational audienceAlthough complete restitutions of the firing chambers of Roman ceramic kilns are frequent, they are usually carried out based on incomplete or partial documentation. Their total height is one of the least known aspects, but it remains an essential parameter for estimating the production capacity of a kiln. In this paper, we present the discovery of a c. 100-140 AD Roman oil amphora kiln from the province of Baetica, for which we propose to restore its original height based on the discovery of the collapsed façade in situ. We present the results obtained, which allow us to propose a firing chamber almost as high as the diameter of the grill (92%). The rest of its architecture is discussed, and ethnography is used to further analyze these structures. This case study is exceptional and represents a novelty in the knowledge of Roman amphora kilns, confirming the calculations of the volumetric capacity of the firing chambers and adding value to the statistical calculations on the production capacities of the amphora-producing centres.Aunque las restituciones completas de las cámaras de cocción de los hornos cerámicos romanos son frecuentes, estas suelen realizarse con una escasa base documental. Su altura total es uno de los aspectos peor conocidos y sin embargo se trata de un parámetro esencial para estimar la capacidad de producción de un horno. En este trabajo presentamos el descubrimiento de un horno romano de ánforas de aceite de la provincia Bética de los años 100-140 d. C. para el que proponemos restituir su altura original gracias al hallazgo de la fachada derrumbada in situ. Presentamos los resultados obtenidos, que permiten proponer una cámara de cocción casi tan alta como el diámetro de la parrilla (al 92 %) y discutimos el resto de su arquitectura con la ayuda de paralelos etnográficos. El caso de estudio es excepcional y supone un avance en el conocimiento de los hornos romanos de ánforas, confirmando los cálculos de capacidad volumétrica de las cámaras de cocción y dando solidez a los cálculos estadísticos sobre capacidades de producción de los talleres de ánforas romanas del Mediterráneo occidenta
Special Section Introduction: Engaged Research in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Scholar-Activist Reflections on a Fraught Practice
No full textIntroduction succincte à un numéro spécial
Compte rendu de Prem Podar & Lisa Lindkvist Zhang, "Through the India-China Border. Kalimpong in the Himalayas. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press (2024)"
No full textInternational audienc
The death of collective tombs in Middle Bronze Age Crete: new evidence from Sissi
No full textInternational audienceThe abandonment of collective tombs in Middle Bronze Age Crete testifies to substantial transformations in funerary, ritual and social practices on the island. Yet, the processes and timing of this abandonment were not uniform, and each cemetery can potentially offer new insights. While some collective tombs fell gradually into disuse, others were deliberately and ritually terminated. Here, the authors explore the cemetery at Sissi, where gradual abandonment in some areas contrasts with the ultimate demolition and burial of tombs in Zone 9 during a ceremony that marked a major shift in the social history of the associated community
Les sépultures en jarre dans le contexte élargi de la Méditerranée orientale : leur mise en oeuvre du Néolithique à l’âge du bronze
No full textInternational audienceΤαφές εντός αγγείων στην ευρύτερη ανατολική Μεσόγειο : η ανάδειξή τους από τη Νεολιθική έως την Εποχή του ΧαλκούΗ παρούσα συμβολή αποτελεί εισαγωγή στα επτά κείμενα που συγκεντρώθηκαν εδώ υπό τον τίτλο « Οι Aιγαιακοί εγχυτρισμοί και το ευρύτερο πλαίσιό τους (6η-2η χιλιετία π.Χ.) ». Τοποθετεί τις ταφές εντός αγγείων του Αιγαιακού κόσμου στο ευρύτερο πλαίσιο της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου και της Εγγύς Ανατολής για τις περιόδους από την Πρώιμη Νεολιθική (Κεραμική Νεολιθική της Εγγύς Ανατολής) έως την Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού. Προσφέρει μια σύντομη επισκόπηση των εγχυτρισμών στη Μεσοποταμία, τo βόρειο και νότιo Λεβάντε, την Ανατολία, τον Καύκασο και τα Βαλκάνια κατά τη διάρκεια των υπό εξέταση περιόδων, για να επιτρέψει τη σύγκριση με τους εγχυτρισμούς και τις ταφές σε πίθο του Αιγαίου και να τονίσει τη μεγάλη ποικιλία τύπων και πρακτικών. Το κύριο ερώτημα συνοψίζεται στο να μάθουμε εάν έχουμε να κάνουμε με μια κοινή πεποιθήσεων που προκύπτουν από διαπολιτισμικές επαφές και βρίσκονται πίσω από την εμφάνιση παρόμοιων πρακτικών για πάνω από πέντε χιλιετίες στην Εγγύς Ανατολή και τη Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη ή εάν πρόκειται για ενδημικές εκδηλώσεις χωρίς καμία σχέση μεταξύ τους. Η συζήτηση ασχολείται πιο συγκεκριμένα με τις διαφορετικές χρονο-πολιτισμικές πορείες, τη φύση των πήλινων δοχείων, την ερμηνεία τους και τον συμβολισμό που εμπεριέχουν.This contribution constitutes an introduction to the seven papers gathered here under the title “Aegean Jar Burials and Their Wider Context (6th–2nd Millennium BC)”. It places the jar burials of the Aegean world in the broader context of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East from the Early Neolithic (Pottery Neolithic in the Near East) to the Late Bronze Age. It offers a brief overview of jar burials in Mesopotamia, the northern and southern Levant, Anatolia, the Caucasus and the Balkans during the periods under consideration, to allow comparison with Aegean jar/pithos burials and to highlight the great variety of forms and practices. The main issue is whether we are dealing with a koine of beliefs resulting from cross-cultural contacts and underlying the appearance of similar practices over five millennia in the Near East and South-Eastern Europe or whether these are endemic developments without any relation to each other. The discussion addresses more specifically the different chrono-cultural trajectories, the nature of ceramic containers, their interpretation and symbolism.Cette contribution constitue une introduction aux sept textes réunis ici sous le titre « Les sépultures en jarre égéennes et leur contexte élargi (VIe-IIe millénaires av. J.-C.) ». Elle replace les sépultures en jarre du monde égéen dans le contexte plus vaste de la Méditerranée orientale et du Proche-Orient pour les périodes allant du Néolithique ancien (Néolithique récent ou Pottery Neolithic du Proche Orient) à la fin de l’âge du bronze. Elle offre un bref survol des sépultures en jarre en Mésopotamie, dans le Levant Nord et Sud, l’Anatolie, le Caucase et les Balkans durant les périodes considérées, pour permettre la comparaison avec les sépultures en jarre/pithos égéennes et mettre en lumière la grande variété des formes et des pratiques. La problématique principale se résume à savoir si on a affaire à une koinè de croyances résultant de contacts interculturels et sous-tendant l’apparition de pratiques similaires durant cinq millénaires dans le Proche-Orient et l’Europe du Sud-Est ou s’il s’agit de manifestations endémiques sans rapports entre elles. La discussion aborde plus spécifiquement les différentes trajectoires chrono-culturelles, la nature des contenants en terre cuite, leur interprétation et la symbolique qu’ils véhiculent
O-Nakala Workshop - Kit de formation interactif pour les opérations par lot de l'API NAKALA, avec notebooks Jupyter pour l'enseignement pratique
No full textInternational audienceThis workshop delivers hands-on training in NAKALA API batch operations through interactive Jupyter notebooks. Tailored for digital humanities practitioners, it serves as a complete pedagogical resource for learning programmatic approaches to metadata management and bulk operations in research data repositories. Available on GitHub: https://github.com/xy-liao/o-nakala-workshopCet atelier propose une formation pratique aux opérations par lots de l'API NAKALA à travers des notebooks Jupyter interactifs. Conçu pour les praticiens des humanités numériques, il constitue une ressource pédagogique complète pour l'apprentissage des approches programmatiques de la gestion des métadonnées et des opérations en masse dans les entrepôts de données de recherche. Disponible sur GitHub : https://github.com/xy-liao/o-nakala-worksho